فهرست مطالب mehrbod karimi

Treatment of spinal cord injury by exogenous cells has brought both successful and unsuccessful results. Olfactory ensheathing cells and Schwann cells have been widely used for transplantation purposes. In this study, we investigated the effects of these cells on contused spinal cord by introducing cells into subarachnoid space. Fifty thousand Schwann cells or olfactory ensheathing cells or a mixture of both cell types were transplanted one week after a 3-second clip compression injury at T-9 spinal cord level in rats. Starting from the day one of spinal cord injury, animals were assessed for six months by BBB test and then were sacrificed for immunohistochemistry labeling of the spinal cord injury site. There was no locomotor recovery in any of the treatment groups including controls. Immunohistochemistry assessment indicated positive labeling of P75 and S100 markers in the cell-transplanted groups compared with control. Our data suggest that transplantation of Schwann cells and/or olfactory ensheathing cells into the subarachnoid space does not improve motor recovery in severely injured spinal cord, at least with the number of cells transplanted here. This, however, should not be regarded as an essentially negative outcome, and further studies which consider higher densities of cells are required.

Recent studies have shown a critical role for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 in the pathogenesis of celiac disease. No study has been performed on the prevalence of these two HLA types in Iranian celiac patients. We enrolled 24 celiac patients and 37 first-degree relatives in whom the diagnosis of celiac was excluded by serologic tests. HLA typing for HLA-DQ2 (DQB1*02), HLA-DQ8 (DQB1*03), HLA-DQ B1*05 and HLA-DQ B1*06 was performed using polymerase chain (PCR) reaction. Twenty two (91.7%) celiac patients and twenty seven (73%) controls were positive for the HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 heterodimers. There was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.068). However, celiac patients were statistically more positive for homozygote HLA-DQ2, whereas non-celiac participants were more positive for homozygote HLA-DQ8 (p<0.05). other hand, the higher prevalence of homozygote HLA-DQ2 in celiac patients shows its stronger role in diseas pathogenesis. Further studies on larger populations are needed in Iran.

Altered glycosylation of proteins in cancer cells is one of the main processes responsible for anaplasia, invasion and metastatic potential of neoplastic cells. Lectins are nonimmunogenetic compounds which specifically detect certain terminal sugars of glycoconjugates. The aim of the present study was to identify the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNac) containing glycoconjugates in cancer cells in all grades of gastric carcinoma. Paraffin blocks belong to 30 patients of gastric carcinoma (10 cases from each grade) was collected from pathology file of Ali-Ebn-Abitaleb Hospital in Zahedan during 2005-2007. Prepared sections (5-7μm in thickness) were stained by Alcian Blue, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) conjugated lectin. Lectin diluted up to 10μg/ml in PBS (0.1M, pH=6.8). Lectin reactivity was visualized by 0.03% diaminobenzidine (DAB) solution. Sections were graded according to staining intensity to lectin (0-4+). Although there was some difference for lectin staining intensity between cancer cells in different grades of gastric carcinoma, statistical analysis showed that there was only a significant difference for cancer cells reactivity between histopathological grades of II and III. The pattern of reactivity to HPA lectin were also different from all histopathological grades. It seems that in cancer cells, the amount and distribution of GalNac containing glycoconjugate differ from neoplastic cells of different histopathological grades in gastric carcinoma.

The prevalence of celiac disease is common in Iran. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of celiac disease in apparently healthy blood donors of Sistan and Balouchestan Province, southeastern Iran. Serum samples of 1600 consecutive apparently healthy blood donors at Zahedan Blood Donation Center were assayed for anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibody. The levels of IgG antibodies against tTG were screened for all subjects with IgA deficiency. All subjects with positive anti-tTG IgA or IgG were offered upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and duodenal mucosal biopsies. IgA deficiency was found in 28:1600 (1.8%) of the subjects, among whom 4 cases were positive for IgG-class tTG antibody. Meanwhile, 10 blood donors were positive for anti-tTG IgA antibody. With the exception of 2 subjects who had normal small bowel biopsies, the remainder of the subjects’ biopsy findings were compatible with celiac disease. The prevalence of celiac disease was found to be 0.88% (1/114) based on tTGA positivity. The prevalence of celiac disease among the southeastern Iranian population is high and comparable with other parts of Iran as well as many other countries.

Objective (s) To determine the potential toxic effects of manual soldering flux cored solder wire on lung of the rat as an experimental model. Materials and MethodsA total number of 48 adult male rats were divided into experimental (n= 30) and control (n= 18) groups. Based on exposure time to solder fume، each group was further subdivided into 2، 4 and 6 week subgroups. Rats of experimental groups were exposed to fume in exposure chamber for 1 hour/day (Research Center of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences، 12 Apr 2005 to 14 May 2005). The amount of fumes were measured daily by standard methods. At the end of experiment، lung specimens were collected from each experimental and control subgroups. Tissue samples were processed routinely and thickness of epithelium in bronchioles and interalveolar septas were measured in stained microscopic slides. Obtained data were analyzed by SPSS. ResultsStatistical analysis of data for thickness of epithelium in bronchioles showed that there was only a significant difference between 4 week experimental and control subgroups (P< 0. 001). Analysis of data for thickness of interalveolar septa showed statistically significant differences between experimental and control subgroups of 4 and 6 weeks (P< 0. 001). Histological examination was also revealed an inflammatory process in bronchioles and disorganized architecture in alveoli of lung in experimental subgroups. ConclusionThe result showed that solder fume can change the normal architectures of epithelium in bronchioles and alveoli of the lung and it seems that the severities of changes were dependent on the exposure time.

This study was performed to determine the effects of solder fume on liver serum markers and vascular elements in rats A total number of 48 rats were randomly divided into experimental (n=30) and control (n=18) groups. Based on exposure time, each group was further divided into 2, 4 and 6 weeks of exposure subgroups. Rats in the experimental subgroups were placed in an exposure chamber and exposed to solder fume for one hour per day. The concentration of metal fumes and gases in the exposure chamber were measured daily by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Blood and liver samples were collected from all rats in the experimental and control subgroups to determine the concentration of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, as well as total and conjugated bilirubin levels. Histological examinations of specimens were performed under a stage-micrometer calibrated microscope. Despite some alterations in enzyme and bilirubin levels between control and experimental groups, the differences were not statistically significant. However, histopathological examinations of liver tissues revealed significant differences in the diameters of cross sectioned sinusoids of rats in the 4-week experimental and control subgroups (p<0.001). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the diameters of cross-sectioned central venules of all experimental and control subgroup members (p<0.001). The results of this study suggest that although solder fume in the acute phase of exposure of up to 4 weeks does not significantly change liver serum marker enzymes, it can greatly increase the diameters of cross-sectioned hepatic sinusoids and the central venule.

To comparing furazolidone and tetracycline in quadruple therapy for eradication of helicobacter pylori in dyspepsia patients. Helicobacter pylori eradication is the main step in dyspepsia and peptic ulcer management. In Iran different regimens have been proposed, however, most of our patients are resistant to metronidazole. In the current study we compared furazolidone- and tetracycline-based quadruple therapy for eradication of H.pylori in a group of Iranian patients with dyspepsia.Patients and Dyspeptic patients were randomly assigned in 2 groups and received omeprazole 20mg/twice a day, bismuth subcitrate 200mg/q6h, amoxicillin 1000mg/twice a day in association with furazolidone 100mg/ twice a day (OAB-F regimen) or tetracycline 500mg/ twice a day (OAB-T regimen). Stool antigen test was used to detect H. pylori eradication. Totally, 100 patients completed the desired regimen including 49 in OAB-F and 51 in OAB-T regimen. Following the first week, H. pylori was eradicated in 97.9% of OAB-F and 96% of OAB-T subjects, however, the difference did not reach a statistical significant level. These figures were 85.7% and 80.4% following the 4th week, respectively (NS). Both furazolidone-and tetracycline-based quadruple therapy were revealed to be effective for eradication of H.pylori, however, furazolidone is suggested for population resistant to metronidazole since it is cheaper and more available.

Fumes generating during soldering process are a group of metal vapors and gases such as tin, lead and formaldehyde which are one of the main reasons for lung diseases in solders. Respiratory epithelium in trachea is the first biological barrier which responds to these fumes. The aim of this study was to identify the quantitative effects of these fumes in respiratory epithelium of rats. A total number of 48 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental (n=30) and control (n=18) groups. Each group was subdivided into 2, 4 and 6-week subgroups based on the time of tissue sampling. After adaptation to standard situation in animal house, rats in experimental group were exposed to soldering fumes for 1 hour in exposure chamber (0.83m3). Air sampling from the exposure chamber was done daily with two different methods. According to the schedule, tissue specimens were taken from trachea in deep anesthesia. After processing, all samples were sectioned and stained and the thickness of the respiratory epithelium of trachea was measured under light microscopy. There was a significant difference between all of control and experimental subgroups (p<0.000). There was also a significant difference between experimental groups of 6-week subgroup with 2-week subgroup (p<0.001). The amount of the formaldehyde, tin (Sn) and lead (Pb) in gas exposure chamber was 0.193 mg/m3, 0.35 mg/m3 and 3 mg/m3 respectively. It seems that the respiratory epithelium of the trachea responds to the soldering fumes and the changes in epithelial thickness are time dependent.

Because of bad prognosis, nonspecific signs and high incidence, carcinoma of the colon is one of the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Recent studies have proposed the role of cell surface glycoconjugate in the course of neoplasia changes. These compounds are used to clarify early diagnosis, prognosis, biologic behaviour of neoplastic cells, and of course, an appropriate therapeutic approach. The aim of the present study was to identify the Gal/GalNac in cell surface glycoconjugate of polyp and adencocarcinoma of colon. It was a descriptive study. Pathologic blocks of 47 patients with polyp and adenocarcinom of colon admitted to Khatam-Al-Anbia hospital in Zahedan were reviewed. Having confirmed the diagnosis, 5-7 m m sections were prepared form suitable paraffin blocks of 10 patients (5 polyp & 5 adenocarcinoma) and lectin histochemistry using PNA staining was achieved (lectin dilute 10 m g/ml in PBS 0.1 M, pH = 6.8 and alcian blue pH=2.5). Results showed existence of Gal/GalNac in entrocytes of polyp cells in region of nuclei and supranuclear portion of the cytoplasm. However, cancerous cells showed the presence of this terminal sugar principally in luminal surface and intraluminal secretion of glandular components. The cell-reaction to lectin was higher in neoplastic cells than entrocytes of polyp. Therefore the existence of Gal/GalNac was confirmed in cytoplasm of entrocytes of polyp and luminal surface of neoplastic cells in adenocarcinoma of colon. Results have revealed that the degree and location of reactivity of cells to lectins were changed in neoplasia.