فهرست مطالب mehrnoush maheronnaghsh

Patients undergoing head‑and‑neck radiotherapy are susceptible to Candida colonization and infection. This study aimed to identify oral Candida species type (ST), colony count (CC), and oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in head‑and‑neck cancer patients, undergoing radiotherapy, before and 2 weeks after radiation.

In this quasi‑experimental study, head‑and‑neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (up to 6000 cGy) were recruited. Samples were taken before and 2 weeks after radiation therapy (RT). CC was assigned using Sabouraud dextrose agar culture medium and morphological studies were performed to confirm OPC. For identification, polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed. Data were analyzed using Chi‑square‑test and kappa coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Twenty‑one of 33 patients were Candida positive. The detected fungal species included Candida albicans (60%), Candida tropicalis (22%), Candida glabrata (9%), and other species (9%). Following RT, OPC and CC changed significantly (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively), whereas ST did not significantly change (P = 0.081). Two new species (Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis) were detected after the intervention. The OPC, CC, and ST changes after RT were not significantly related to malignancy site or radiation dose (P > 0.05).

The present study showed that OPC, CC, and ST were not related to the malignancy site. Following RT, OPC and CC changed significantly, while ST showed no significant change. The radiation dose and malignancy site had no effects on the OPC, CC, or ST alterations following RT.

Candida species are opportunistic yeasts that can cause opportunistic infections when the host becomes debilitated or immunocompromised. Coriander is a plant belonging to the Umbelliferae family and its leaves and seeds are widely used in traditional medicine. Coriander essential oil (E.O.) has shown antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effect of fluconazole alone and with coriander E.O on 39 Candida species isolated from the mouth of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive individuals.

In this study, the broth microdilution tests according to the CLSI M27-S3 were applied to find the amount of Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluconazole alone and together with coriander E.O (synergism) for each Candida isolate. For this purpose, the E.O. of Coriander seeds was extracted using a Clevenger apparatus by steam hydro-distillation, and then the synergism effect of E.O. and fluconazole on Candida isolates was investigated. Data were analyzed by SPSS-25 software. Mann-Whitney, and Tukey post hoc tests, and the one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the results.

Susceptibility of fluconazole was determined as follows: 69.2% of the Candida isolates were sensitive, 17.9% were resistant and 12.9% were susceptible dose-dependent (SDD). The MIC mean was 27.3 μg/ml for fluconazole, 32.7 μg/ml for coriander E.O, and 9.39 μg/ml for the combined effect of fluconazole and Coriander E.O (synergistic effects).

The fact that Coriander E.O has an inhibitory effect on all Candida isolates used in this study, it can be considered a capable antifungal, especially in combination with fluconazole (synergistic effects), and the antifungal effect of Coriander E.O is proposed to investigate in treating candidiasis for future clinical trials.

Oral candidiasis is one of the most common manifestations of patients with cancer under chemotherapy. Due to many side effects of chemical antifungal products and various advantages of herbal extracts like licorice, this study was performed to compare the antifungal effects of nystatin and licorice on yeasts isolated from oral mucosa of patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy.

In this in vitro study, a total number of 30 patients with oral candidiasis who received chemotherapy were examined. The samples were prepared by using swabs taken from the lesions, and after 48 h, they were transferred and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. The antifungal effect of licorice was compared with nystatin using agar disk diffusion method. These data were entered in SPSS statistical software and were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests. (α = 5%).

Four types of candida were identified among all 30 oral lesions (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida stellatoidea, and Candida SP). The mean inhibition zone diameter around nystatin showed a significant difference (P < 0.001) between C. albicans (9.486), C. glabrata (8.627), C. stellatoidea (7.00), and C. sp (7.06) but the inhibition zone diameter around licorice was almost zero in all groups.

Licorice extracts did not show any antifungal effects whereas nystatin showed the most antifungal effect against C. albicans.

Adhesion of Candida to host cell receptors, hemolysin production, and proteinase activity are assumed as principal virulence factors and infection establishment. These virulence factors are essential for colonization, biofilm formation, and attack on the host cells.

A total of 97 Candida albicans isolates obtained from gastroesophageal lesions and urinary tract infections were included in the study. Adhesion assay, proteinase activity, and hemolysin production were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent t?test and Chi?square test to compare quantitative and qualitative data between the two groups.

The adherence ability to the buccal epithelial cells was the same in the two groups. Proteinase activity was seen in all clinical isolates. Hemolytic activities were not statistically significant in the two groups.

Our results recommend that the pathogenicity of C. albicans in the mucous membranes cannot be connected to the infected site.

Oral candidiasis is a common disease in cancer patients subject to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of rising oral candidiasis incidence and to identify the Candida species isolated from oral lesions of cancer patients and their antifungal sensitivity.

A total of 645 patients with cancer were examined. Several Candida species were isolated from specimens and identified by morphological and molecular methods. The susceptibility of isolates to amphotericin B, fluconazole, and nystatin was also investigated.

A total of 74 isolates of Candida were recovered from oral cavity of 61 cancer patients with oral candidiasis. The isolates included Candida albicans (n = 56; 75.5%), Candida glabrata (n = 4; 5.4%), Candida krusei (n = 5; 7%), Candida tropical (n = 7; 9.4%), and Candida kefyr (n = 2; 2.7%). A total (n = 72; 98.65%) of isolates were susceptible to nystatin, (n = 58; 78.4%) of them were susceptible to fluconazole, and (n = 8; 10.8%) of susceptible dose-dependent isolates were specified, (n = 46; 62.16%) of isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B.

Finally, in addition to emphasis on topical nystatin application in the first stage of oral candidiasis in these patients, using alternative systemic drugs such as fluconazole and amphotericin B can be considered for the resistant candida isolates to nystatin.

In this research, the anti-fungal effect of fluconazoleloaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nano-fibers was compared with that of drug-loaded fabric (DLF) to be used in medical textiles and fibrous pads as a local drug delivery system. The drug-loaded nano-fibers (DLNs) were coated on the fabric surface using the electro-spinning process. The DLF was then prepared by means of the pad-dry method. The characterization of the samples was carried out by SEM, FTIR, and XRD tests. UV-V is spectrophotometry was also used to measure the drug release rate. The anti-fungal effect was studied by the disk diffusion method. The drug release test showed about 75% fluconazole release in 90 min and the disc diffusion test indicated that the DLF has more effect than the DLN due to the fast drug release.

Candida yeast is a normal flora of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Various enzymes secreted by Candida species play the role of virulence factors in different Candida infections including in cancer patients. This study aimed at comparing phospholipase, proteinase, esterase, and hemolytic activities in different Candida species isolated from the oral cavity of cancer patients and normal people. This study was conducted on 36 cancer patients and 36 healthy people. MspI restriction enzyme for PCR-RFLP method was used to identify the Candida species. The enzymatic activity index (EAI) was measured for each enzyme using the relevant protocols. Candida albicans was the most frequent species with the frequency of 26 (72%) and 31 (81.1%) in cancer patients and healthy people, respectively. In healthy individuals and patients, the mean phospholipase activity of Candida isolates was 0.795 and 0.775, proteinase activity was 0.7531 and 0.7558, esterase activity was 0.6142 and 0.7186, and hemolysin activity was 0.6317 and 0.5756, respectively. The results showed that C. albicans was the most frequent Candida species isolated from healthy people and patients. Phospholipase, proteinase, and hemolysin activity of Candida species was higher in patients than in healthy people and hemolytic activity was significantly higher in patients than in healthy subjects (P < 0.05). However, Candida species in both groups were positive for esterase activity but the mean activity of this enzyme was significantly higher in the healthy group than in the patient group.

Various species of Candida, especially Candida albicans was known as the most important etiological agent of fungal infections. Oral candidiasis is the most common fungal infection in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to identify Candida species from oral lesions of these patients and antifungal susceptibility of the clinical isolates.

Among 385 patients with cancer, 55 (14.3%) showed oral lesions. Oral swabs were performed to identify the yeasts using direct smear and CHROMagar medium. Micro dilution method was prepared in different concentrations of fluconazole and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of each species were compared.

Oral candidiasis confirmed in 36 cases by direct examination and culture. C. albicans and non‑albicans represented in 26 (72.2%) and 10 (27.8%) of the isolates, respectively. 76.5% of C. albicans and 23.5% non‑albicans isolates were resistant to fluconazole. Data were shown that 62% and 30.7% of resistant strains of C. albicans were found in patient with gastrointestinal cancer and lymphoma respectively.

Data were shown that C. albicans is the most commonly identified species in oral candidiasis and majority of fluconazole resistant C. albicans were found in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and lymphoma. Therefore, we recommend an alternative drug instead of fluconazole as a first line of treatment for these type of cancers and administration of fluconazole in patients undergoing chemotherapy should be prescribed in accordance with the type of cancer.