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We can introduce two classes of scenarios. The first, standard model of cosmology proposes a scenario in which the BigBang is beginning, and the second, scenarios where the BigBang is merely a gate to our universe and the universe have more dimensions than ours. The basic question is why and how did the universe come to be out of nothing? To answer such a question, two methods have been taken in the physics: firstly, finite but no boundary model and secondly, the scenario of eternal inflation. Having explained the two classes, I will show that the main experimental and theoretical evidence support the past incomplete directions of the universe; whether we consider it as Big Bang or more developed. Also, the existing models and scenarios are not against the supernatural approach, but also consolidate it.

One of the most prominent and compelling philosophical responses to the logical problem of evil is Alvin Plantinga's free will defense. However, Michael Almeida, a critic of this defense, argues that while the free will defense has effectively addressed many versions of the logical problem of evil, there are versions, such as those presented by John Mackey, which can be referred to as the logical problem of evil redux. Almeida, who shares Plantinga's beliefs as a theist and incompatibilist, specifically focuses his critique on one of the most controversial assumptions underlying this defense: the notion of universal transworld depravity, which Plantinga claims is an inherent characteristic of all creatures. According to Almeida, this assumption is untenable because absolute divine foreknowledge, influenced by a perspective akin to Molinism, enables God to actualize a morally perfect world without conflicting with human free will. Almeida believes that we can address this problem and defend the existence of God, but it is not the aim of this article to present his solution

The two theories of theories on constructionism and voluntarism. According to the ideal theory, ethical realities are defined based on the attitudes of the assumed ideal observers and the foundation of these theories is formed on negation of the independent ethical realities. Therefore, existence of independent and evident ethical realities based on which human reason could be revealed is repudiated and ethical reality is considered as acceptable / unacceptable things proposed by some ideal observers. For this reason, these observers do not have independent ethical virtues and they are not obliged to observe any ethical principles or values in their own ethical judgments. The theory of divine command includes various versions and the theory of ideal observer along with its meta-ethical principles is totally similar to some varieties of this theory. Meanwhile, equality of the nature of the ideal observer theories and divine command of Asharites is significant. It appears that the theory of ideal observer is the same as Asharites unconditionally represented in relation to existence and lack of ideal observers in non-religious form. Describing and comparing these two theories, the paper intends to reveal the identical nature of the both theories.