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Resistin is an important adipokin, secreted from adipocytes and causes insulin resistance. Gestational diabetes (GDM) is characterized by insulin resistance in insulin target tissues. The goal of this research was to investigate whether there is a relationship among resistin and various clinical and metabolic parameters in GDM. 76 pregnant women who got the diagnosis of GDM were enrolled as the study group. 70 gestational age-matched pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance were recruited as the control group of the study. Serum resistin concentration, in addition to various metabolic and biochemical parameters, were measured in two groups. Plasma resistin was not significantly different in GDM patients and subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Correlation analysis revealed that LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride were positively correlated with plasma resistin (P < 0.004, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively). Plasma resistin is correlated with insulin resistance, high serum LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and TG in the Iranian GDM patients.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent efflux pump, is a membrane protein encoded by MDR1 gene. P-gp has an important role in protection of the cell against xenobiotics and toxic compounds. Recently, a silent C3435T polymorphism in exon 26 of MDR1 has been reported to be associated with a decreased expression of P-gp in TT genotypes carriers compared with CC genotypes carriers. To evaluate the distribution of allelic variants of C3435T MDR1 in a group of healthy population in Iran and find the association between MDR1 C3435T polymorphism and the incidence of ALL, 126 patients with ALL and 139 healthy controls were included in our study and their MDR1 polymorphisms were detected by PCRRFLP assay. 71.9% of the healthy people had 3435TC genotype, 15.8% had 3435TT genotype and 12.2% had 3435CC genotype. Also, the frequency of T allele was 51.8% and C allele 48.2%. The mutant homozygous TT and TC genotypes were found to be associated with the incidence of ALL (OR=1.96 for TT genotype and OR=0.53 for TC genotype). MDR1 C3435T polymorphism may contribute to the incidence of ALL. TT genotypes carriers are more at risk of developing ALL than other genotypes carriers.

Various educational approaches to learning have been proposed. It is, of course, of vital importance to study those that have resulted in effective educational achievements.

To assess the student's attitudes and performance in order to evaluate educational approaches and identify the variables leading to students gaining good marks.

The subjects of the study were medical students at pathophysiology phase. A multiple-choice questionnaire was prepared, the reliability and validity of which were confirmed. A paired-sample T test was used to compare and analyze the student's Basic Sciences Comprehensive Exam scores in each discipline and their average score during the basic sciences course.

With respect to attitudes, the students highly valued the importance of teacher's methodology and mutual respect, as an influential factor in Learning. Furthermore, the majority of the students relied heavily on their textbooks as the main source of information and preferred to study at home, rather than any other places. Most of the students prefer to study in the morning. They believed that mid-term exams, quizzes, and active class participation do not have much effect on learning. However, it was of high importance to them to attend practical claSSfS (labs). With respect to performance, most of the students used lecture notes as the main references, and considered their home as a good place to study and preferred to study in the morning, but have participated in theoretical and practical classes regularly.

Most successful students attributed their success to active class participation, takingmid-term exams, quizzes, and using library. Having analyzed the data, we recommend the authorities to provide more methodology workshops for teachers, sufficient number of textbooks, expanding or increasing the number of the reading rooms with essential equipment.