فهرست مطالب milad fadaei dehcheshmeh

Dynamic knee valgus, as a poor movement pattern, may increase the risk of injury in the knee joint. This condition, which is related to a deviation in the lower limb alignment, can cause serious damage to the knee joint during tasks such as jump-landing, especially when bearing weight. The present study aims to investigate the role of dynamic knee valgus (DKV) in occurrence of knee injuries.

This is a review study. A search was conducted for the related articles published in English or Persian using the keywords Dynamic Knee Alignment, Dynamic Knee Valgus, Knee Joint Kinematics, Medial Collapse, Medial Knee Displacement, Frontal Plane Knee Excursion, Projection Angle, Dynamic Lower Extremity Valgus and Knee Injury in Science Direct, Scopus, PEDro, Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, ISC, Medlib, MagIran and IranDoc databases published from 2005 to May 2021. Initial search yielded 230 articles. After examining their full texts, 67 related articles were remained. Finally, 34 articles in the field of the role of DKV in occurrence of common knee injuries were selected for the review. 

Most of the studies were conducted on women and young people (aged 16-25 years). The DKV cause knee injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament injury (21 studies), patellofemoral pain syndrome (7 studies), tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (4 studies) and patellofemoral osteoarthritis (one study) as well as other cases such as osteoarthritis of the inner knee, chronic pain injuries in the hip and knee joints, and cartilage injuries. 

DKV, as a poor movement pattern, put a person at risk of lower limb injuries. Muscle imbalance, muscle weakness, and impairment in the static alignment and its effect on dynamic alignment are among the most important mechanisms of DKV. Due to the structural and biomechanical characteristics, the most injuries caused by DKV occur in women.

Posture is an important factor in assessing the health of people, because any deviation in posture can lead to many disorders. The women in rural areas, due to certain characteristics, may be more affected by postural changes. This study aims to study the prevalence of postural abnormalities in rural women in Markazi Province, Iran based on age and body mass index (BMI).

Participants were 420 rural women at three age groups of 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 years who were selected using multi-stage sampling method from 20 villages of Markazi province. The instruments included a wall-mounted stature measuring tape (Seca, model 206), a digital scale (model 2003D), the New York Posture Rating Chart, and an optical Pedoscope (model DSI). The nearest posture observed by the researcher was recorded using the New York Posture Rating Chart and a checkerboard from various perspectives. The arch height of the foot was determined using the Pedoscope. Data analysis was done in SPSS software using descriptive statistics and chi-square test for comparison of postural abnormalities based on BMI and age. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Among the postural abnormalities, hyperlordosis (54.6%), forward head (50.8%), uneven shoulders (39%), genu varum (34%), scoliosis (28%), kyphosis (27.4%) and hallux valgus (25.2%) were more common among rural women. In the age group of 15-30 years, forward head was the most common abnormality. In the age group of 30-45 years, hyperlordosis was more prevalent, and uneven shoulders was the most common abnormality in the age group of 45-60 years. Based on BMI, forward head was more common in women with obesity class I, and hyperlordosis was more common in overweight women. According to the chi-square test results, the difference based on age was significant in forward head, hyperlordosis, knock knee, and pes cavus.

Th increase of age and BMI can impair postural control in rural women. Proper training of different correct postures and increase of physical activity can be effective for improving the posture of rural women.

 Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is one of the most common injuries during physical activity. Considering the high prevalence of this injury in athletes and the need to pay attention to athletes' return to the same level of sports performance as before the injury, the present study aimed to investigate the return to sport after lateral ankle sprains.

 In this study, a comprehensive review of the published papers has been done considering English specialized keywords, including physical therapy, sport-specific movement, return to sport, ankle injuries, ligament injuries, return to play, lower extremity, ankle sprain, recurrent injury, ankle, sports injury, lateral ankle instability, chronic ankle instability, athlete, lateral ankle sprain. Therefore, databases i.e., Science Direct, Scopus, Pedro, Google Scholar, PubMed, SID, ISC, Madlib, Magiran and Irandoc were explored, and those researches published between 2000 to April 2022 about the return to sport and LAS injuries were studied.

 After searching in the mentioned databases, first, the abstract of 370 articles on return to sport after LAS was found, and then the full text of 148 related papers was studied. After reviewing them based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and eliminating duplicate items, 47 articles were scrutinized. Finally, 11 papers were identified about the return to sport after LAS injury. Most studies have reported that the recommended methods reduce the time to return to sport. In this regard, some studies have set a time to return to sport, and some have not reported the exact time. Studies have emphasized the use of specific tests and criteria for evaluating athletes to enter the final stage of rehabilitation as the most important principle of safely returning to sport.

 Athletes' return to physical activity should be followed in a way that allows them to safely return to sport while minimizing the risk of recurrent injuries. Determining specialized criteria and tests for high and diverse populations in sports, especially those involved with lateral ankle sprains, is the key to success in safer return to sport. However, most studies have been conducted in limited populations and disciplines, and researchers must perform more research in this area.

Objective :

Excessive dynamic knee valgus, as a defective movement pattern, predisposes patients to lower limb injuries. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to study dynamic knee valgus in male soccer players.

Methods :

In this review article, an attempt was made to collect studies conducted on the subject of research from 2000 to June 2021. The websites Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, SID, ISC and Magiran were used and keywords related to the topic were used to search for articles.  

Results:

 According to the search method, 50 articles were found, which were finalized according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 12 articles. Finally, 7 articles were reported in the present study. Dynamic knee valgus condition is more common in women than men, and varus are more common with increasing age of male soccer players. Different situations during the game such as tackling, jumping, imbalance after strike to the ball and landing after jumping are also among the situations that are associated with increased dynamic knee valgus and players are exposed to knee injury. The first minutes of the halves due to the lower angle of flexion of the knee and also late in the game due to fatigue can increase the dynamic valgus and increase the risk of knee injury. 

Conclusion:

 All studies have pointed to the role of dynamic valgus in the incidence of knee joint injuries, especially the anterior cruciate ligament, so it is necessary to identify the mechanism of injury and correct the direction of dynamic valgus among soccer players.

Due to their occupational nature, dentists may be prone to musculoskeletal disorders in the upper body. The aim of the present study was to study of musculoskeletal disorders of the cervical spine and upper extremity in dentists with a review approach.

In this review article, an attempt was made to collect studies conducted on the subject of research from 2000 to June 2021. The websites Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, SID, ISC and Magiran were used and keywords related to the topic were used to search for articles. 

According to the search method, 140 articles were found, which were finalized, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria abstract of 45 articles. Finally, 29 articles were reported based on the full text and compliance with inclusion and exclusion criteria in the present study. Most studies have reported the cervical spine as the most common area. Other results were included more than half of Dentists experience musculoskeletal disorders, more among women than men, at least one disorder in the last 12 months, as well as temporary disability and lack of daily activities due to pain and musculoskeletal disorders.

In general, the knowledge of specialist dentists about the use of protective glasses and their performance is better than general dentists and there is a need for further education in the field of eye injuries and the use of protective glasses.

People with Intellectual Disability (ID) have negative experiences and unpleasant emotions due to the barriers in lives, i.e., affect their life satisfaction and Quality of Life (QoL). Regular physical activity seems to improve the QoL and health status in people with IDs. Access for people with IDs to organized sports is limited. One of the programs that can partly eliminate barriers to the participation of this group is the Special Olympics. The Special Olympics is the largest recreational/sports activities event for people with IDs worldwide. Part of the Special Olympics mission is improving and developing the physical fitness and overall health of these people. The Special Olympics, with the help of sports, significantly affects the lives of people with IDs, their families, and society. Besides, it has biopsychological benefits for the participants. The present study aimed to assess the QoL of males with ID who participated in the Special Olympics Iran and comparing them to their counterparts without such experience. 

This study was a descriptive–analytical study conducted cross–sectionally. The research sample included 138 males with ID. The selected samples were divided into two groups of athletes (40 males with ID without Down syndrome and 30 males with Down syndrome). The study participants’ mean±SD age was 21.95 height was 1.65 and their weight was 67.7913.49 kg. The same values for the non–athletes were as follows: (45 males with ID without Down syndrome and 23 males with Down syndrome) mean±SD age: 20.63 height: 1.65and weight: 65.48 19.10 kg. Schalock’s and Keith’s (1993) Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to assess the QoL of the study participants. This questionnaire has 40 questions; 10 questions have been set in 4 components. The components of the questionnaire include satisfaction, competence/productivity, empowerment/independence, and social belonging/community integration. Moreover, the total score of the Quality of Life is calculated using this scale. The obtained data were analyzed using Independent Samples t–test and Mann–Whitney U test in SPSS at a significance level of α=0.05. 

There was a significant difference between the athletes and non–athletes with and without Down syndrome in all of the investigated components (satisfaction, p=0.017; competence/productivity, p=0.023; empowerment/independence, p=0.011; social belonging/community integration, p=0.001; and the total QoL score, p=0.001). There was a significant difference between the athletes and non–athletes with and without Down syndrome in the components of empowerment/independence (p=0.025), social belonging/community integration (p=0.001), and the total QoL score (p=0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the athlete and non–athletes with Down syndrome in the components of satisfaction (p=0.047), competence/productivity (p=0.031), social belonging/community integration (p=0.012), and the total QoL score (p=0.010).

According to the obtained study results, attending the Special Olympics Iran positively improved the QoL in people with IDs. The goal is to educate people with IDs, prepare them for social life, and train them with the essential skills for having an independent life with minimal dependence. Mobility and physical activity could significantly influence peoplechr('39')s lives and are related to psychosocial findings.

People with Intellectual Disability are a vulnerable social group whose physical health is also important. The purpose of the present study was to compare quality of life and physical fitness in male and female athletes with Intellectual Disability participating in Iranian Special Olympics.

The research sample included 126 individuals with Intellectual Disabilities: 70 males with Intellectual Disability with and without Down Syndrome and 56 females with Intellectual Disability without Down Syndrome, aged 18 to 30 years participating in Iranian Special Olympics. As for assess, a set of Eurofit Special tests, including explosive leg strength (standing broad jump), arm strength (pushing a 2 kg ball), abdominal muscle endurance (Sit-up), speed (20 meter run), flexibility (sit and reach), and balance (walk on a bench) for physical fitness, and Schalock’s and Keith’s Quality of Life Questionnaire for quality of life were used. To compare the two groups, SPSS software was used running independent T-test and Mann-Whitney U statistical methods at the significance level of =α0/05.

There was a significant difference in variables Competence/Productivity (P=0.010), Empowerment/Independence (P=0.001), total score of the Quality of Life (P=0.037), body mass index (P=0.008), abdominal muscle endurance (P=0.010), speed (P=0.001), and arm strength (P=0.001) between males with Intellectual Disability with Down Syndrome and females with Intellectual Disability, and also Competence/Productivity (P=0.036), Empowerment/Independence (P=0.001), total score of the Quality of Life (P=0.021), flexibility (P=0.003), balance (P=0.001), speed (P=0.001), and arm strength (P=0.001) between males with Intellectual Disability without Down Syndrome and females with Intellectual Disability.

According to the results, it can be concluded that male athletes with Intellectual Disability have higher quality of life and physical fitness than females with intellectual disability. As for the little information on this issue, it is necessary to examine more accurately the content of programs of the Iranian Special Olympics.

Participating in sports programs increases physical and mental health and fitness. The purpose of this study was to assess the physical fitness of persons with intellectual disability (ID) who participated in Special Olympics Iran, and comparing with their counterparts who did not participate in the these matches. The research sample included 138 boys with ID in two groups, athletes (70 boys with ID with and without Down’s syndrome) and non-athletes (68 boys with ID with and without Down’s syndrome), aged 18 to 30 years. To assess physical fitness, a set of Eurofit special tests, including explosive leg strength (standing broad jump test), arm strength (pushing a 2 kg ball test), abdominal muscle endurance (sit-up test), speed (20 meter run test), flexibility (sit and reach test), and balance (walk on a bench test) were used. To compare two groups, independent t test for variables of explosive leg strength, abdominal muscle endurance, and speed, and also Mann-Whitney U statistical method for variables of arm strength, flexibility, balance, and body mass index (BMI) were used at a significant level of P < 0.050. There were significant differences in variables of flexibility (P = 0.035), abdominal muscle endurance (P = 0.034), explosive leg strength (P = 0.025), and speed (P = 0.009) between athlete and non-athlete boys with ID with and without Down’s syndrome. Moreover, there were significant differences in BMI (P = 0.041) and speed (P = 0.001) between athlete and non-athlete boys with ID without Down’s syndrome, and also in flexibility (P = 0.030), abdominal muscle endurance (P = 0.001), explosive leg strength (P = 0.001), and speed (P = 0.002) between athlete and non-athlete boys with Down’s syndrome. According to the results, the participants in Special Olympics Iran had a better level of physical fitness than those without this experience. Therefore, Special Olympics programs are recommended as an effective factor in improving the physical fitness of boys with ID.