mina jalali

The attitude of the host community towards the development of tourism is a subject that has recently received attention. The host community consists of a set of official agents, such as officials and agents of the tourism field, and informal agents, such as the residents of the tourism area. Residents of the tourism area in cities are citizens who are affected by urban events. Therefore, they will interact with the tourists of their city and evaluate the common tourism process in the city. In the present research, it has been tried to describe and analyze the citizens' understanding of the consequences of the presence of tourists for the urban space of Isfahan. The data of this study is a combination of two research projects that were conducted in 2014 and 2016. Citizens aged 15 to 65 in the fifteen districts of Isfahan city were the studied community in these two studies. And the method of data collection in both researches is survey. The results of the research indicate that the citizens of Isfahan consider the consequences of tourism for the urban space of Isfahan, including ten main themes in two dimensions: positive consequences and negative consequences. These themes include "creating employment, improving the quality of life of citizens, increasing cultural interactions, increasing services and facilities in the city and increasing security and reducing crime" in the dimension of positive consequences and "increasing traffic in the city, increasing prices and costs of living, limiting visits Among the tourist attractions for citizens, restrictions on the use of urban facilities and services and the increase in environmental pollution in tourist places are negative consequences. Citizens' evaluation of these consequences shows that positive consequences prevail over negative consequence.

Following the importance of studying migration as a possibility in recent migration literature, concepts such as "migration willing" and "staying willing" have been at the center of attention. Migration aspiration is defined as the priority of migration over staying, which is built into the biographical narratives of the potential migrantsIn this study, we have tried to interpret the information obtained from the narrative interview with some respondents by using the thematic narrative analysis. We selected the participants in a purposive sampling from young people between 20- 40 years old living in Isfahan. The findings show that the themes of willing to leave the homeland in the biographical narrative of the participants can be interpreted in three parts: turning points, anternarratives and proleptic reasons. Turning points are often formed by the narrator's interpretation of a specific action or happening in the past of his biography, which was the decisive moment of his decision to migrate; These actions and happenings drive his aspiration and lead to other anternarratives or reasons for migration. anternarratives are other reasons for those who aspire to leave their homeland, which originate from rethinking their personal experiences or knowledge and awareness of the context in which they live. Proleptic reasons are also related to predicting the future of life in the destination country or the future of life in the homeland in the continuation of the practical rationality of those who aspire to migrate.

Urban health reflects the total social, physical, environmental, and infrastructure conditions that affect the well-being and quality of life of citizens living in a city. Therefore, in addition to health issues, the total social, economic, physical, and environmental aspects describe the state of urban health. Among the mentioned dimensions, social problems undeniably affect the choice opportunities of citizens in the city, their interpretation of the conditions, their interaction with others, and health-oriented behavioral orientations in the city. Considering the importance of social themes in the realization of urban health, the present study attempted to describe the social indicators of urban health and its contexts using a systematic review method while examining related studies. The findings show that the social indicators of urban health can be redefined as "population dynamics, social harms, inclusion, social capital, business, education, and lifestyle." Also, the descriptive social adverb for these indicators implies considering the characteristics of flexibility, relativity, attention to meanings, context, and process perception. Constructive indicators in fields such as population dynamics, education, and business can be explained using registration data, or because their counting and calculation methods are defined quantitatively and globally, they can follow the same pattern. However, other fields, such as social harm, inclusion, lifestyle, and, exceptionally, social capital, involve context-based studies. A study that, based on the distinctive characteristics of cities, will even lead to selecting and prioritizing a field and excluding other fields from description and investigation.

The construct of quality of life, known as the indicator of social development, is an analytical and key element in policy-making and policy examination in the public realm. This construct, initially used in the fields of health, has gradually entered other fields of study due to its characteristics, such as dynamism, multidimensionality, and different perceptions. It is essential to consider the construct of quality of life in a country like Iran from both internal and external dimensions in terms of research and policy-making. Concerning the internal dimension, this concept contributes to evaluating social policies, assessing decision-making at the micro and macro levels, improving service delivery, encouraging public participation, promoting human rights, distributing equitable resources, etc. The external dimensions of the necessity to consider the construct of the quality of life become more significant with the growing trend of globalization. In the era of globalization, different regions are competing to attract capital that is no longer limited to national borders. Improvement of the quality of life encourages many people and investors to live, work, and invest in an area. Therefore, it can be argued that achieving any dimensions of development is not possible without considering the construct of the quality of life in the current situation. If the lower urban quality of life is one of the outcomes of rapid urbanization, Isfahan will be no exception like other metropolises. It has faced the problems resulting from lower quality of life due to the expansion of urbanization. Thus, identifying the dimensions of urban quality of life and priorities of each of these dimensions from the perspective of the citizens of Isfahan seems necessary and requires extensive research for making policies and improving each dimension. This research was conducted to achieve this goal and sought to answer the following questions: Which dimension of urban quality of life has a higher priority and greater significance from the perspective of the residents of Isfahan? How do they perceive the themes, on which urban quality of life in Isfahan rests?

This study followed a survey method and the statistical population included the citizens of Isfahan aged 15-65 years. 1806 people were studied by using multi-stage cluster sampling. Accordingly, the neighborhoods were randomly selected from 15 districts in Isfahan and the sample size for each of the districts was determined based on the population of each neighborhood. A researcher-made questionnaire provided the data collection tool. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The interviewer asked questions in the form of interviews and recorded the respondents’ opinions and answers. The questionnaire had both closed- and open-ended questions. Concerning the closed-ended questions on the quality of life, the citizens prioritized the 17 dimensions of urban quality of life. The findings were then analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The open-ended questions focused on the citizens' concerns about the dimensions of quality of life. Accordingly, the respondents were supposed to express three of their main concerns about each of the dimensions of urban quality of life and the interviewer wrote down the given answers in detail. The data obtained from the open-ended questions were analyzed via thematic analysis. This technique is based on inductive reasoning, enabling the researcher to achieve an analytical typology through data classification and input and output modeling. The thematic network of the citizens’ perceptions of the urban quality of life in Isfahan was developed by using the basic, organizing, and global themes. According to the above explanations, the first and second parts of the findings were based on the closed- and open-ended questions, respectively.

As shown by the prioritization of the quality-of-life dimensions, the main concerns of Isfahan residents revolved around the 5 axes of employment and income, housing, health, safety and security, and climate quality. Thus, they could form the main axes of future policies concentrating on the urban quality of life. This was known as the well-being dimension of quality of life based on cluster analysis. It is interesting to note the priorities of the quantitative (income and housing) to qualitative (health, safety and security, and climate quality) dimensions among the components of this group. Hence, it could be concluded that the quantitative dimensions of urban quality of life, as well as well-being, had the highest importance in Isfahan.The findings highlighted the 3 global themes of urban threats, arrangements, and desirability related to the constructive themes of urban quality of life in Isfahan. Threats were those themes that threatened Isfahan in achieving a high quality of life and included water crisis, diseases, pollution, dense and high-rise buildings, overcrowding, industrial hazards, immigration, cultural anomalies, traffic, occupational and income risks, inefficient management, and decline of local culture and cultural heritage. As it turned out, the scope of these threats was wide and dominated all the 5 dimensions although the most concern was related to the dimension of well-being. Urban arrangements included those policies that citizens considered necessary to achieve a high quality of life, such as encouraging tourism, strengthening cultural customs, renovating, and facilitating ownership and provision of housing. Finally, the city was desired to be clean, beautiful and eye-catching, bright, and safe and secure. Such a city could have safe and smooth streets and paths, a cheap, clean, uncrowded, regular, and modern transport fleet, a safe urban infrastructure, neighborhood facilities, and warm and polite social interactions. Therefore, many of the components, in which the citizens were interested, belonged to the civil dimensions and few themes belonged to other dimensions on a neighborhood scale.Ultimately, inspired by some experiences, such as the Monitoring System of the Urban Quality of Life developed by the Porto City Council since 2002, this study formed the basis of further research with the aim of identifying the dimensions of quality of life and its constructive components from the perspective of citizens in general, examining the urban quality of life in Isfahan, evaluating the individual quality of life in a residential area, and assessing the level of satisfaction with individual quality of life. Of the goals of this monitoring can be objective and subjective periodic assessments for evolutionary and comparative studies.

Migrant networks are sets of interpersonal ties that connect migrants, former migrants, and nonmigrants in origin and destination areas through ties of kinship, friendship, and shared community origin. These networks play an essential role in forming the aspiration to leave or stay in the homeland. Also, potential migrants improve their capacity to migrate by getting information from these networks and their interpretation of their facilitating or encouraging role. In this study, we tried to understand the interaction of potential migrants with these networks by using the qualitative method of narrative analysis. In order to analyze the obtained information, we have used thematic narrative analysis. The participants were selected in a Purposive sampling from young people between 20 and 40 years old living in Isfahan. The findings show that interaction with migration networks was the turning point in the narrative of some narrators about the formation of the aspiration to leave the homeland. The role of migration networks is prominent in the conflict between leaving and staying. Narrators aspire to migrate either because of the encouragement of networks in the homeland and migrant networks in the destination or because of the loss of emotional ties in the homeland. In the capacity-building phase, the aspirants mentally and practically prepare themselves for migration by rejecting or accepting the information sent by the migration networks and their support to facilitate the migration process..

Since Iran has an average of 256 sunny days a year, solar energy in Iran can be used on a large scale. There are many mathematical models for measuring radiation on the surface, but choosing the best model can help measurement accuracy. In this article, first, direct and diffused radiation in Shiraz, Isfahan, Kerman, and Yazd, which are the central cities of Iran, has been calculated. The calculation has been done using the NRI model in MATLAB software. The powers received from this bench are computed in each city and their maximum efficiency is shown. The mentioned solar bench was built with a fixed angle. By comparing the efficiency between the mentioned cities, we identified the city with the most suitable place for building this solar bench. In Kerman, we can receive the highest amount of power throughout the year by using the optimum angle which measured. Due to the location of this city, it was expected to have the highest amount. This article examines the technical methods of using solar systems in urban architecture, emphasizing integration methods. The proposed and implemented model of the solar tree has the options to adjust the optimal angle and beautify passages, parks, and recreation centers. All these features make it useful to charge electronic equipment such as mobile phones, tablets, and electric bicycles through clean solar energy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of replacing Triple superphosphate chemical fertilizer with biofertilizers as an environmentally friendly approach. The effect of separate and combined triple superphosphate and biofertilizer application under microcosm (Erlenmeyer contains sediment) was evaluated. Gram-positive Phosphate solubilizing bacteria Bacillus aryabhattai strain SB.P3 was used in two levels of inoculation and non-inoculation, and phosphate fertilizer in 4 levels of 0, 30, 70 and 100%. In this experiment, soluble phosphorus, pH and density of solvent bacteria were measured at different times (on days zero (before inoculation), 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after inoculation). The results showed that the bacterial density during the experiment in all groups, in first had an increasing trend, then decreased, and again slightly increased. Treatment 6 (70% fertilizer + bacteria) had the highest bacterial density, which in some time periods was significantly different from other treatments. The amount of water soluble phosphate in all groups at first had an increasing trend, then decreased and then increased again. At different time intervals, no significant difference was observed in the mean of dissolved phosphorus in the treatments with the control. Changes in pH of the treatments indicate a sinusoidal trend in different intervals. Although the bacteria grew well under microcosm and showed good stability in the environment, the results showed that chemical fertilizers and phosphate solubilizing bacteria didn't have a significant effect on fluctuations in soluble phosphorus.

The solar tree is a combination of technology and art that is considered as the application of solar energy in the art of urban architecture. This study aims to combine solar technology with architectural style and art, to help urban beautification and investigate the increase in solar panels' efficiency by focusing on the optimal slope and no shading in the form of a new solar tree structure. In this paper, the best angle for placing panels on tree branches to increase Shiraz's maximum efficiency has been calculated. The best angle is done with the help of the NRI mathematical model. Also, the Fibonacci sequence, which originates from nature and real trees, has been used to minimize shadows on this tree. The panels' optimal slope calculations are performed using MATLAB software. Also, the monthly efficiency changes resulting from the optimal slope have been calculated and displayed. By analyzing the computational relationships and their implementation by PVsyst simulator, the optimal annual slope of solar panels obtained 30 degrees. By implementing it in the solar tree structure, the proposed  annual efficiency of the model has increased by 12% compared to the fixed state. This article examines the technical methods of using solar systems in urban architecture with emphasis on integration methods. In the proposed and implemented solar tree model with the ability to adjust the optimal angle and beautify passages, parks and recreation centers, it is possible to charge electronic equipment such as mobile phones, tablets, and electric bicycles through clean solar energy.

Pelvic Floor Muscle (PFM) training is the primary therapeutic intervention of PFM dysfunctions. In addition, strengthening some other muscles such as; Gluteus Maximus, Obturator Internus, Adductor Magnus, and D2 extension PNF pattern is suggested as complementary therapeutic methods. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic relationship between these muscles and PFM function using Transabdominal Ultrasonography and bladder base displacement.

Twenty-one healthy multiparous women, aged 20-40 years, participated in this cross-sectional and analytical study. Transabdominal Ultrasonography was used to measure the bladder base displacement. The following five different interventions were randomly performed, 1) PFM contraction, 2) Gluteus Maximus contraction, 3) Obturator Internus, 4) Adductor Magnus contraction, and 5) D2 extension PNF pattern. All participants did contractions three times with a 30 second rest period between each contraction. The mean of three measurements in each position was compared with the PFM contraction. Kolmogorov-Smirnov fitness test and Repeated Measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data. A level of P≤0.05 was considered significant.

The main effect of all interventions was significant compared to the contraction of the PFM (P=0.0001 and F=392.9). The amount of the bladder wall base displacement during Obturator Internus contraction and PNF D2 Extensor Pattern was more significant than the PFM contraction and in the same direction. With the Gluteus Maximus muscle contraction, the bladder base displacement was more significant than the contraction of the PFM. Still, in the opposite direction, and with the contraction of the Adductor Magnus muscle, it was approximately equal to the contraction of the PFM (P≤0.0001).

This study showed that the contraction of Adductor Magnus, Obturator, pelvic floor muscles, and also the PNF D2 Extensor Pattern could increase the bladder base displacement, which could confirm the synergistic relationship between these muscles and the PFM. However, this relationship was not observed in Gluteus Maximus muscle contraction.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of replacing phosphorus chemical fertilizer (triple superphosphate) with biofertilizers as an environmentally friendly approach.  In this study, Possibility of replacing Triple superphosphate fertilizer with phosphate solubilizing bacteria "Pseudomonas deceptionensis Persian10 strain" in 10 treatments with two bacterial factors (in two levels of inoculation and non-inoculation) and chemical fertilizer (in five levels 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended amount of fertilizer in the pond) was examined in aquarium conditions. Treatments included: 1: 100% fertilizer + bacteria, 2: bacteria, 3: 25% fertilizer + bacteria, 4: 50% fertilizer + bacteria, 5: 75% fertilizer + bacteria, 6: 100% fertilizer, 7: 75% fertilizer, 8: 50% fertilizer, 9: 25% fertilizer, 10: control (without fertilizer and bacteria). Bacterial densities, soluble phosphorus, phosphatase and pH were measured on days 0, 2, 7, 12 and 17. The results showed that the phosphorus of all treatments had an increasing trend on different days and at the same time, an increase in the pH value and a decreasing trend was observed in the bacterial population and the amount of phosphatase enzyme. The highest amount of soluble phosphorus was observed in treatments 4 and 5. According to the obtained results, the application of 50% phosphate fertilizer + phosphate solubilizing bacteria can be recommended as a suitable ratio for the fertility of fish ponds and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers.

An urban place in its real meaning is a place that transforms the citizens in a specific way so that, when they leave it not being the same person that came to it. Being a famous and respected cemetery, Takht-e-Foulad in Isfahan can be such a place. The present research has been conducted aiming to identify the citizen’s understanding of this urban landscape. To reach this purpose, the comments submitted by the visitors in the notebooks provided in Takht-e-Foulad complex over the years 2011 and 2014 has been studied and analyzed. Research findings indicate that the visitors recognize Takht-e-Foulad as a rich place in identity and have defined it to be marvelous, unique, valuable, and worthwhile. These identity aspects have created emotions such as pleasure, wonder, astonishment, and bliss. Identification is among the other characteristics of this complex which has been defined with notions such as deterrence, guidance, and maturity. Besides, the significance of this monument of identity has been so high in the visitors' point of view that they have expressed concerns about the continuation of conservation, restoration, and preservation of the history and luminaries contained in this monument and other historical sites. Additionally, improving the maintenance, beautification, and innovation in the introduction and advertisement of this monument have also been emphasized by the visitors.

Adding magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) to opioid receptor agonists increases the opioid analgesiceffects via blocking this receptor. The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of adding MgSO4 totincture of opium (TOP) and buprenorphine (BUP) on pain and quality of life (QOL).

In prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, one hundred andsixty-three women with secondary dysmenorrhea caused by endometriosis were selected using a respondentdriven sampling (RDS) and assigned into six groups using block randomization. Patients received 50 mg/kgMgSO4 in 100 ml saline by micro set in six monthly menstrual periods and completed the visual analoguescale (VAS) and QOL Questionnaire (QOLQ). Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA) and hierarchical regression.

The primary outcomes showed that pain scores in magnesium (MAG) + opium tincture (OT)[F = 5.7(1,162), P = 0.004] and MAG+ BUP [F = 4.5(1,162), P = 0.006] groups showed a significant decreasecompared with control group. Also, QOL scores in MAG + OT [F = 4.8(1,162), P = 0.005] and MAG + BUP[F = 5.9(1,162), P = 0.003] showed a significant increase. However, there was no significant differencebetween the two groups (P = 0.140) and the changes did not persist until follow-up (P = 0.810). Secondaryoutcomes indicated that the low scores of the two components of QOL including physical and psychologicalcomponents were predictors of pain (P = 0.011, Beta > 3.09).

Simultaneous use of MAG with opioids is associated with pain reduction and the improvement ofQOL. However, this hypothesis requires careful handling in a randomized controlled trial.

The intricacy and diversity of citizens’needs are increasingly heightened as a result of today’s urban life. Doing needs assessment in cities is a measure to identify the important needs, pave the way for the realization of the needs, and recognize the constant changes made in the urban life. The review and analysis of the needs assessment in cities that have so far been done can be a means of introducing the best ways of doing needs assessment.To achieve the given purpose, this study made an attempt to identify the methodological and conceptual weaknesses of the needs assessment done so far and offer practical suggestions so as to improve the future needs assessment.This study is based on document analysis and Systematic Review of Previous Studies. The methodological weaknesses found in the studied needs assessment in cities were as follows: the scope of the samples under investigation and aims of analyses did not match with the adopted methodologies; the surveys were limited to closed questions; the methods adopted for data collection were not justified and explained; the sampling techniques used for the studies were not appropriate; the ways of extracting the concept of the needs were not faultless.Using mixed method to classify the concept of the need is the best way of doing needs assessment both the citizens’ mentality and the goal-oriented models can be used in this method. Using appropriate methods and fields based on Needassessment models is the another Conclusion of this paper.

Patriotism and nationalism make up the two sides of the spectrum of national attachment; but with different meanings, tendencies, and outcomes. This article, based on the current theories about national attachment, tries to study this subject from a different point of view. The main goal of this article is to explain national attachment in the context of the positive feeling of people toward their national identity and conceptualizing it in its two forms of nationalism and patriotism. The nationalistic form of national attachment shows the positive feeling of people along with judgments and non-critical and emotional points of view toward the country. On the other hand, there is the patriotic form of national attachment with the positive feeling of people without early judgments towards other groups and nationalities whiche brings with it the adoption of critical points of view and wise orientations in assessing the country.
We have used the documental and analytical method and have explained the subject of discussion using valid books and documents. In addition, in order to document the subjects discussed, based on the theory that national attachment can be expressed in two forms, we have studied the theories relevant in this area in three theoretical approaches of nationalism, patriotism, and viewpoints that include both forms.

This article examines the relationship between national pride and certain socio-cultural factors. The study aims to explain the meaning of national pride, positive feeling of citizens toward their country and patriotic willing. A selected sample of residents of Isfahan over fifteen years of age were surveyed. in fourteen sectors of Isfahan city. Findings indicate that nationalistic national pride and patriotic national pride are correlated with variables such as age, education, socio-economic status, religion, etc.

This article examines the relation of national pride with personality (authoritism and democratic), efficacy (political efficacy and social efficacy) and political knowledge. The aim is to explain the meaning of national pride as the, positive feeling of people to their country, and Conceptualize this in two types; nationalism and patriotism. The methodology of this study is social survey. Samples of study have been selected from among all residents over 15 years old in the fourteen sectors of Isfahan city (Iran). According to the 2006 Census, the size of this population is around 1248754 people. In the next step, by applying the Kokran Formula and quota sampling, 384 people were selected and examined as samples of the study. The findings showed that nationalism has positive correlation with authoritism personality, social efficacy. It and political efficacy also has negative correlation with democratic personality and political knowledge. Patriotism has positive correlation with democratic personality, social efficacy and political knowledge. In addition, it has negative correlation with authoritism personality and political efficacy.

According to many experts the Islamic Revolution of Iran enjoys many unique features which distinguish it from other revolutions, including the cultural and ideological features prevailing the public opinion in the course of the revolution. There are many factors which are analyzed in the causal study of the revolutions, including the economic, social, political and cultural issues. The present paper is delimited to the cultural issues. Since the Shia ideology played a stronger role compared to other ideologies in the course of the revolution, it is pertinent to pay attention to this issue as well.Attempts have been made in the present paper to study the cultural issues that were effective in the course of the revolution as well as the Shia ideology, role of leader and other religious scholars, clerics, academics and intellectuals within the framework of the theories of such theorists as Hamed Algar, Nikki Keddi and Michael Foucault.