فهرست مطالب mitra faraji

Environmental perceptions play an important role in individual physical health in all environments, and the influence of the environment on the physical health of individuals is undeniable. This study surveyed the relationship between environmental variables and public health(SRH) in residential neighborhoods, as well as the role of environmental preferences as a mediating variable among the people of Mazandaran. The data were collected using a two-part questionnaire. In part one, the statements are part of the SF-36 questionnaire about public health. In the second part, to measure the perception of neighborhood characteristics and environmental preferences, its security, facilities, aesthetics and destination were measured. A sample of 450 residents was analyzed using structural equation modeling. Structural equation modeling indicated that the perception of environmental characteristics had a significant effect on physical health, but environmental preferences did not play a mediating role in the relationship between environmental characteristics and physical health. According to our results we observed that as the preferences of the environment decreased, the health condition increased. This study was intended to promote physical health in urban planning and reconstruction of neighborhoods. Environmental characteristics play an essential role in physical health. The study examined the effect of each characteristic of the environment on the physical health of citizens. The mediating role of environmental preferences was also considered. This study offers new insight into the relationship between the environment and physical health and can be applied to a wide range of neighborhoods.

Phantom limb pain (PLP) presents complex challenges in treatment, lacking standardized clinical approaches, and understanding its mechanisms remains elusive. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), specifically transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), seems promising in treating chronic pain, including PLP. These modalities can modulate neural activity, offering potential benefits by acting on interconnected neural networks beyond the stimulation site. Studies from Jan 1, 2003, to 2021 were reviewed on PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Web of Science using the keywords PLP, neuromodulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, pain management, and their combinations. The language was limited to English. A single-session treatment has the potential to change the intensity of PLP for several hours. On the other hand, a multi-session treatment approach can decrease both the intensity and frequency of PLP for an extended period of several months. Additional research with a greater sample size and extended follow-up periods is necessary to determine the precedence of utilizing tDCS, rTMS and the potential for integration with other treatments for individuals with amputation experiencing PLP.

The phenomenon of global urbanization is currently undergoing rapid advancements. This scholarly study aims to contribute to the discourse surrounding mental health promotion and the revitalization of urban neighborhoods within the framework of urban planning in Iran. Within this context, the examination of environmental characteristics is of utmost importance due to their substantial impact on mental well-being. This study sought to investigate the individual effects of various environmental characteristics on the overall health of citizens, as well as explore the role of environmental preferences as a mediating variable. Recognizing the influential role of urban environmental design on the mental health of individuals, this research was conducted with the objective of establishing a relationship between the perception of environmental variables and public mental health in residential neighborhoods, while also considering the mediating effect of environmental preferences among the population of Mazandaran. Data was collected via a questionnaire comprising two sections. The first section addressed mental health, utilizing a standardized questionnaire, whereas the second section assessed participants' perceptions of neighborhood characteristics, including security, amenities, aesthetics, and destinations, along with their environmental preferences. The application of structural equation modeling revealed a statistically significant influence of the participants' perception of environmental characteristics on mental health, with a corresponding decrease in mental health condition when environmental preferences were reduced.

Observer’s perceive of architecture is used in many fields. Because much of our perception and understanding of the environment is based on visual stimulus, therefor an expert design should be based on visual stimulus too. Moreover, visual communication is to be used for strengthening, intensifying, and consolidation of other senses as well, otherwise the aforementioned design will result in poor perception of the environment.In discussing of the perceptions, the worring issue is that despite of the fact that perception system is same for every individual, but that individual has different perception of his/her environment. Perception can be different from similar stimuli and combined with different factors and one factor alone can't determine perceptions. Environmental data in all of conditions and positions are not available. Sensory effect actually is the effect of a form on individuals and it follows different factors, but visual effect belongs to the individual and it doesn't follow any factor and it can have different effects on the individuals.Perception of environment is a function of the ability to receive sensory receptors in which is a function of effective environmental conditions on events such as light, temperature, humidity , pressure, noise,odor and ... . Also personal and social features play significant role in human perceptions. Relationship between individual and environment is formed in different levels such as individual level (feeling, perceptions, values, inner experience and...) and social levels (larger units like different community groups or groups that are similar in age and gender.If sensory stimuli are opposed to each other, they will become confusing and disturbing. The sensory effect like perception deponds on state of body. Because this effect is covered in the individual body, it will follow the personal, biography and social intermediaries. Moreover, the visual effect is a force transmitted and directed by individual and it's quality deponds on individual characteristics.Different proportions range creates a variety of interpretations. Slender, thin and long forms show charm and elegance, while round forms show warmth and comfort. The forms tilted into the inside show aggression or curiosity, while forms tilted out show fear and anxiety. The relationship between basic forms and basic emotions are one of key points of design that embodies dilectical definition of emotions.In this research, factors affecting the visual perceptions of individuals with emphsis on the new approaches and the application of the form in today's architecture design is based on Rudolf Arnheim views on visual perceptions and criticized by the pair comparison method. These factors included tension (complexity and contradiction), physical characteristics,weight (reducing of the mass) and dynamics. Questionnaires were prepared on the basis of paired comparisons to determine the superiority of each of parts. collected data was analyzed using AHP on 50 questionnaires to determine the mean of superiority of each of the factors over other. In addition, in order to determine overall value of each factor, the sum of value of superiority of one part over other parts was calculated and mean was determined.Keywords:Visual perception, architectural, AHP, Human.