mitra hefazi

Injuries and psychiatric disorders, notably both major public health concerns, are associated with a high burden and are believed to be bi-directionally correlated. Those inflicted with injuries face increased risks of mental illnesses. Psychiatric disorders may make the individual prone to injuries. The objective of the study was to assess the correlation of mental disorders with non-fatal injuries.
A total of 7886 participants aged 15 to 64 yr were interviewed in a national household survey in 2011 in Iran. Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI v2.1) was implemented to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the past twelve months. Injuries were assessed using Short Form Injury Questionnaire (SFIQ-7).
Injury was reported in 35.9% and 22.8% of participants in the past twelve and past three months, respectively. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, mental disorders were significantly associated with injuries in the past three months (OR=1.6, 95% CI:1.36-1.87), recurrent injuries (OR=1.7, 95% CI: 1.21-2.41) and road/traffic accidents (OR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.28-4.49).
Psychiatric disorders were found to be associated with an increased risk of injuries. Early detection and treatment of mental illnesses can contribute to injury prevention.

Violence is the cause of death for 1.5 million people in a year.. Our study aimed to estimate the incidence rate of self-reported interpersonal violence related physical injury (VRPI) and its associated factors in Iran..Patients and The sample included people ranged from 15 to 64 years old who were residing in Iran. A total of 1525 clusters were selected from the whole country. Six families were selected from each cluster via a systematic random sampling method. Then, the residential units were identified and the interviewers contacted the inhabitants. In the next step, one of the family members was selected by using Kish grid method. The instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire and consisted of two sections; demographics and project related data. Face validity and content validity of our questionnaire were investigated based on expert opinions and the reliability was confirmed by a pilot study, as well. The inclusion criteria were considered for choosing the interviewers. An interviewer was assigned for each 42 participants (7 clusters). An educational seminar was held for the administrative managers (54 persons) and interviewers (230 persons) for a week. The field work was distributed among all 46 Medical Sciences universities in Iran. In each university, administrative issues were related to an executive director. Mann-Whitney U test and odds ratio were used to analyze the data with 95% confidence interval. α value was considered less than 5%.. The frequency of VRPI among 7886 participants was 24 during the last three months. The incidence rate of interpersonal VRPI was estimated at 3.04 per 1000 population (95% CI: 2.66-3.42) during a three-month interval in Iran. The incidence was 4.72 per 1000 population (95% CI: 4.01-5.43) for males and 1.78 per 1000 population (95% CI: 1.39-2.17) for females during a three-month interval. The mean (SD) of age of the participants with and without a history of VRPI were 26.5 (7.21) and 33.05 (12.05) years, respectively (P = 0.008). Considering the participants’ gender, 66.7% were males (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.14-6.23). Khuzestan Province had the most VRPIs (25% of all VRPIs). Streets and roads were the places with the highest frequency of injury (50%). The most frequent injured organ was the upper limb (54.17%). The most prevalent type of injury was a superficial wound (50%). Finally, the most common place of treatment was home (45.83%).. We determined the incidence rate of self-reported interpersonal VRPI for the first time in Iran based on a national survey. The injuries were more common among young men. We suggest consecutive national surveys with different data gathering methods and more sample sizes.

IMPORTANCE: No national information is available on the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Iran for the last decade. To estimate the 12-month prevalence of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) psychiatric disorders in Iranian population, and to investigate the severity and correlates of psychiatric disorders. Design, setting and participants: The Iranian Mental Health Survey (IranMHS) was a nationally representative face-to-face household survey with a multistage, cluster sampling design that was carried out in 2011. A total of 7886 community dwelling residents aged 15–64 were recruited.Main outcome measures: 12-month diagnoses of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders including mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders were assessed using a validated Persian translation of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI; version 2.1). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders (SCID-I) was administered by a psychiatrist on subjects screened positive for the presence of a psychotic disorder. The severity of psychiatric disorders was determined using criteria that included markers for disability, particular diagnoses and suicide attempts. The response rate was 86.2%. The 12-month weighted prevalence of “any psychiatric disorder” was 23.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 22.4–24.8] with 26.5% of women and 20.8% of men having one or more psychiatric disorders. The most common category of psychiatric disorders was any anxiety disorder (15.6%) and the most prevalent particular disorder was major depressive disorder (12.7%), followed by generalized anxiety disorder (5.2%) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (5.1%). A 12-month psychotic disorder was observed in 0.5% of the population (95% CI: 0.33–0.66). Almost two-thirds (63.8%) of individuals with a mental disorder had moderate or serious illness. Unemployment, being widowed/divorced and urban living were associated with a greater likelihood of 12-month disorders; while, higher socioeconomic status and having a university degree were associated with a lower likelihood. The high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, merits further attention in the country’s mental health policy and program planning.

The present study was conducted to determine national priorities of mental health and funded by Iranian Mental Health Research Network. The most important advantage of priority setting is effective investment and budgeting on mental health problems. Exact prioritizing increases cost-effectiveness of interventions and prevents waste of national resources.

Researchers from various related disciplines, health care program planners and authorities, executive managers and service providers participated in this study. In the first stage, a comprehensive list of mental health topics was prepared and classified by reviewing the literature and brain storming. In the second stage, the criteria for priority setting of topics under each field and their impacts were determined. In the third stage, using nominal group technique (NGT), 50 topics were screened and 25 topics were selected. These 25 topics were classified to smaller subjects and then expert(s) in each subject reviewed the national and international evidence of relevance and importance of each subject. Using available evidence, and by nominal group technique, priority of subjects in each field was set based on the prioritizing criteria.

Finally, 25 subjects were chosen. The top 10 subjects as the national mental health priorities were: three subjects from psychiatric disorders including substance dependence, depression and suicide; two subjects from mental health problems and determinants including domestic abuse and aggressive behaviors, stress and disasters; three subjects from mental health & substance use services, systems and policies including integration of mental health in primary health care, urban mental health and emergency services; and two subjects from specific populations including children and adolescents, and vulnerable women.

The document on national priorities in mental health confirmed by main authorities in the field would, as much as possible, support and promote mental health policies and programs in the country towards the determined priorities.

The Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) assesses disability in four domains of home management, work responsibilities, close relationships and social life. The main objective of this study was to develop the Persian version of the SDS. Two steps of field work followed the Persian translation and cultural adaptation of the tool: First, the internal consistency and convergent validity was examined in 104 clinical cases recruited from inpatient and outpatient psychiatric services, using 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Then 88 individuals were randomly selected from the adult general population to assess internal consistency, inter-rater reliability and known group validity. In the clinical settings, Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.88 and item-total correlation ranged from 0.71 to 0.78 in various domains. The correlation between SDS and SF-36 (P<0.001) was significant in all the areas of the performance; and neither of the correlations was statistically significant when SDS and GAF were compared. In the general population study, the SDS met a good internal consistency (α = 0.81) and known group validity, and the inter-rater reliability was perfect for “school/work responsibility”. The Persian translation of the SDS is a simple and short scale, and it seems to be a valid scale for the measurement of disability in clinical settings and in the Iranian general population.

Iranian Mental Health Survey (IranMHS) was conducted to assess the twelve-month prevalence and severity of psychiatric disorders in the Iranian adult population and to determine the pattern of health care utilization and cost of services. IranMHS is a cross-sectional national household survey with face-to-face interviews as the main data collection method. The study was carried out between January and June 2011. A three-stage probability sampling was applied for the selection of a representative sample from the non-institutionalized population aged 15 to 64. The primary instrument utilized for assessing the prevalence of mental disorders was the Persian version of Composite International Diagnosis Interview, version 2.1. The instruments for assessing the service and cost of mental illness were developed by the research team. The response rate was 86.2%, and a total of 7886 individuals participated in the study. Sampling weights were the joint product of inverse probability of unit selection, non-response weights and post-stratification weights. This paper presents an overview of the study design, fieldwork organization and procedures, weightings and analysis. The strengths and limitations of the study are also discussed.

This study has investigated the predictive value of psychological constructs including stressfulness of life، depression، happiness and social support on the rate of suicidal thoughts in students.

The study sample included 1094 boys and girls residing in the Tehran University’s student dormitory. The participants completed Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS)، Student Depression Scale (SDS)، Student Life Stress Inventory (SLSI)، Oxford Happiness Scale (OHS)، and Social Support (SS) scale.

The statistical data analysis using multiple regression techniques showed that happiness، depression، stress and social support account for 76 percent of the changes in students’ suicidal thoughts. In addition، the results showed that depression has the strongest predictive power of suicidal thoughts.

Depression and related structural variables could be used for predicting and efficiently identifying students’ suicidal thoughts.

The prevalence of smoking in the adolescence is a valuable indicator for prediction of national burden of smoking in the future. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of lifetime smoking among high school students in Iran. Various search methods have been used including searching Pubmed, ISI, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, IranMedex, IranPsych and database on drug abuse, as well as hand-searching. All original researches, which had described lifetime use of cigarette, hookah, and pipe among high school students were included in the study with no restriction on date of publication, and were qualitatively assessed. Subsequent to data extraction, heterogeneity test was carried out on indicators for which more than two studies were found and meta-analyses were performed. In total, 18 studies were included in this review. The combined prevalence of lifetime cigarette smoking for boys, girls and total high school students were calculated as 30.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 25-36.8), 14% (95% CI: 7-20.9) and 21% (95% CI: 15.1-26.9), respectively. The combined prevalence of lifetime cigarette smoking for boys was significantly different (P<0.001) in the year 2001 and before (38.6%), with the years after 2002 (21.5%). In Iran, the prevalence of smoking in this age range is lower than many other countries and in recent years, a decreasing trend was found in boys. These findings can be attributed to the national control and prevention strategies. However, some studies have several qualitative limitations, which points to the necessity of high quality repeated surveys in the future.

The mean age of cigarette smoking has decreased along with an increase in its prevalence, in developing countries. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of lifetime, current and daily smoking among middle school students in Iran. Various search methods have been used in this study including searching different international databanks such as Pubmed, ISI web of Science, PsychInfo, CINAHL, Embase, as well as domestic databanks including IranPsych and IranMedex. All original studies and researches in Persian or English, which had described any kind of use including lifetime, current and daily use of cigarette, hookah, and pipe among middle school students, were included in the study with no restriction on date of publication, and were qualitatively assessed. Subsequent to data extraction, heterogeneity test was carried out on indicators for which more than two studies were found, and meta-analysis was done using random effects model. The combined prevalence of lifetime, current and daily cigarette smoking were calculated as 14.2% (95% CI: 6.6-21.7), 2.7% (95% CI: 0.5- 5.9) and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.6-2.8), respectively. The combined prevalence of "current tobacco use of all kinds" was 15% (95% CI: 10.4-19.5), as well. The prevalence of smoking in this age range is lower in Iran compared to other countries. However, a conclusion cannot be made about the changes in the prevalence of smoking in recent years. Moreover, studies carried out to the present have several qualitative limitations, which points to the necessity of high quality repeated surveys