فهرست مطالب moaed e. al-gazally

Urtica dioica (UD), as a natural antioxidant, has positive effects on oocyte maturation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydro-alcoholic UD extract and retinoic acid on follicular development in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) condition.

A total of 40 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: group 1 received normal saline, group 2 was given 25 mg/kg retinoic acid, group 3 was administered with 100 mg/kg UD extract, group 4 was treated with retinoic acid plus UD extract, and group 5 received 10 mg/kg olive oil. The histomorphometric parameters were analyzed, including the number of follicles, follicular atrophy, fertilized oocytes, 2-cell embryos, dead embryos, and blastocysts.  

Retinoic acid caused a significant increase in the primary, preantral, and atretic follicles and a substantial decrease in the corpus luteum compared with the control group (p<0.001). The number of preantral, antral follicles, and corpus luteum was significantly higher in group 3 compared with group 1 (p<0.001). Moreover, coadministration of UD plus retinoic acid (group 4) significantly reduced the atretic follicles (p<0.05).

Based on the results, UD herbal extract, as a natural antioxidant agent, could reduce the adverse effects of retinoic acid on oocyte maturation in an IVF condition.

 According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, there are currently 1.1 billion tobacco smokers worldwide. This study follows the need for change in the increasing trend of lifestyle-related diseases and the lack of extensive studies on the pattern of smoking.

 In the current study, an electronic database search was conducted to identify studies that examined the impact of smoking on internal diseases from the beginning of February 2018 to the end of December 2021. After eliminating numerous articles based on their titles and abstracts, 273 articles pertinent to the study's objectives were selected. Due to the inadequacy of the target audience and the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 239 of the remaining articles were eliminated. The 44 remaining articles were examined more closely.

 Each cigarette produces more than 7,000 chemicals. Many of these substances are toxic, and about 69 of them can cause cancer. For every 15 cigarettes you smoke, a mutation occurs in the body. Mutations are the cause of cancer. Studies have shown a clear relationship between dose and response, with a sharp increase in the risk of arterial disease in heavy smokers. In countries where approximately 30% of the population smokes, 50% of arterial disease can be attributed to smoking.

 Smoking increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lung disease, and leads to an increased risk of lung, throat, stomach, and bladder cancer, and many other cancers. One of the most important organs in the body that can be disrupted by smoking is the heart.
 

In this paper, activated carbon (AC) was utilized to eliminate formaldehyde from synthetic sewage. To this end, three kinds of activated carbon were utilized including commercial AC (CAC), AC derived from walnut shell (ACWS), and AC derived from lotus leaves (ACLL). Also, the influence of sorption time, formaldehyde concentration, and adsorbent dose on formaldehyde removal was investigated. The surface properties of the adsorbents were determined by SEM, FTIR and BET analyses. The outcomes showed that CAC has a higher specific surface area (978.4 m2/g) than other adsorbents. Also, the highest adsorption efficiency of formaldehyde using CAC, ACWS, and ACLL adsorbents was 99.2%, 88.2%, and 54%, respectively, indicating significant adsorption capacity of CAC compared to other adsorbents. Also, the Langmuir isotherm model was fitted better with the laboratory data due to the higher R2 compared to the Freundlich model. Moreover, the experimental data follows the pseudo-second order kinetic model. What is more, the utmost adsorption capacity of formaldehyde was 48.5 mg/g. The reusability of adsorbents displayed that CAC has a remarkable recyclability and can be utilized in seven cycles with high sorption efficiency (>90%).

 Infertility in men has increased in recent years. Numerous physical, chemical, biological, and social factors are known to play a role in reducing semen quality, in between, there are high-risk behaviors that affect the quality of semen. In this paper, the effects of three factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, and drugs have been investigated.

 This case-control study was performed from June to September 2021 on 500 people, 250 people with normal semen quality and 250 people with defective semen quality. The data collection tool was a questionnaire made by researchers and semen test results. Finally, the collected data were analyzed by descriptive method with SPSS software. For quantitative variables, mean and standard deviation (SD) were used, while frequency and percentage reports were used for qualitative variables.

 Drug use had a significant relationship with the shape and motility of sperm (B = -0.675, P = 0.005). The chance of natural semen decreases by 0.506 times with an increase of one drug use unit; moreover, the older the age of onset of drug use, the more the semen disorders (B = 0.514, P = 0.002)..

 Smoking and alcohol consumption were not identified as factors affecting semen quality, but there was a significant relationship between drug use and age of onset and semen disorders.
 

In this research, Solamen Vaillanti mollusk (SVM) skin biosorbent was synthesized and used as a low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent to eliminate cobalt (Co2+) heavy metal ion from aqueous solution. The surface morphology and specific surface area of SVM were analyzed by SEM and BET analyses. Also, impact of various effective factors like pH, temperature, contact time, biosorbent dose and cobalt ion concentration was studied on the uptake process. According to our study, the highest biosorption efficiency of Co2+ (97.31%) was attained at pH 5, a mixing speed of 200 rpm, Co2+ ion concentration of 5 mg/L and biosorbent dosage of 2 g/L after 50 min. Also, the maximum biosorption capacity of SVM biosorbent was 16.23 mg/g, which achieved at pH 5 and temperature of 25 oC. Moreover, kinetic and equilibrium investigations demonstrated that the quasi-second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model has better compatibility with the experimental data.

 Headaches are a major focus of public health efforts. Because stress and emotional disturbances play a role in various forms of headaches, emotion regulation can be thought of as a factor in adaptation and successful control of this illness. The effectiveness of cognitive emotion management strategies in women and men with migraine headaches, tension headaches, and healthy people was investigated in this study.

 In the first six months of 2020, 60 patients with migraine tension headaches were studied in the neurology clinic of the Abdi Waluyo Hospital in Jakarta. Positive techniques (vision formation, positive refocus, positive appraisal, and planning) and negative strategies (self-blame, blaming others, rumination, and catastrophic perception and acceptance) were obtained in emotion regulation using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire.

 According to the findings, persons with migraines employ fewer positive techniques in the cognitive management of their emotions than people without migraines. Meanwhile, the findings revealed that there is a substantial difference in the usage of positive methods by females and males in both groups, with females employing more positive tactics.

 In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that self-regulation is one component that can cause headaches in patients.