فهرست مطالب mobin ramezanpour

The most important instrument of the government to finance public expenditures and to improve the distribution of tax revenues is tax. High reliance of government on seignorage can reduce the role of taxes in correcting the inequalities. Improving the political variable of the voice and accountability by less reliance on seignorage and more reliance on taxes can improve income distribution.The main purpose of this study is to investigate and test this hypothesis with the help of data from selected OECD and D8countriesperiod 2018-2008 using the fully modified least squares method (FMOLS). The results of model estimation showed that the political variables of accountability can improve the distribution of income in the studied countries by reducing the government's reliance on seignorage.

Income inequality is one of the main issues that affect various economic aspects of countries. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting income inequality with an emphasis on the ease of doing business . For this purpose, 11-year panel data from 2010 to 2020 from 16 selected countries of the MENA region were collected from the United Nations and World Bank database and estimated using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) panel method. The results obtained from the estimation of the model show that the ease of doing business index had a negative and significant impact on income inequality; This means that the mentioned variables lead to a more equal distribution of income among people. The relationship between inflation, educational inequality and unemployment with income inequality has been estimated to be positive and significant; This means that the aforementioned variables have led to the distribution of income inequality among people. Also, the findings show a positive and significant effect between public expenditure of the government and per capita GDP with income inequality. Countries should provide suitable platforms and infrastructures to improve the business environment and easier access of all members of the society to suitable jobs with sufficient salaries so that income inequality can be reduced by increasing the purchasing power of the weak sections of the society.

An important part of an individual's human wealth, which directly affects his or her well-being and that of society, is formed through education. This requires an equal distribution of educational opportunities among the people. Today, with the change in educational processes due to the growth of communication technologies and the role of Covid 19, access to the Internet and government spending, along with other relevant factors in the literature have affected educational inequality. Based on the importance of education in economic development and progress, this study investigates the impact of Internet access on educational inequality in the selected West Asian countries during the period 2010-2019 using the panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares method (FMOLS).The results of the model estimation show that public government expenditures, Internet access and investment have a negative and significant effect on educational inequality in the countries .This means that these variables lead to a more equal distribution of education among individuals. Another empirical finding is that income inequality and gender inequality both significantly increase educational inequality in West Asian countries.