فهرست مطالب mohadeseh motamed

Background and Hepatitis B is a major health problem around the globe the prevalence of which varies depending on the region and study. In this study, we aimed to determine the epidemiology and prevalence rates of hepatitis B in Fasa, Iran.
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed using medical records of all the hepatitis B patients referring to Fasa Health Center during 2002-2014. The demographic variables and other required data were obtained and recorded, and then descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, and percentage) were reported using SPSS, version 18.
In this study, from the 208 patients, 83.2% were male, and 83.2% were aged between 21 and 30 years. The majority of the hepatitis B patients (97.1%) did not have history of vaccination against the disease. The number of addicts using intravenous injection and suffering from hepatitis B was higher (31.7%) than others. The prevalence rate of this disease was 0.01% in 2014.
The prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B in 2014 in Fasa indicate the necessity of prevention and vaccination for those at high risk of the disease. Health education programs in schools, universities, organizations, and even mosques can play a major role in preventing the prevalence of the disease.

Background and Professional autonomy in nursing is defined as working in a self determined environment and making decisions based on professional judgment. This study aimed to evaluate professional autonomy and its association with individual factors in nurses employed at teaching hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences in the southeast of Iran in 2013. This was a descriptive analytical study, and required data were collected by quota sampling using self-administered questionnaires, which were completed by 385 nurses at four teaching hospitals in Kerman, Iran. Data analysis was performed using inferential (ANOVA) and descriptive statistics (mean and frequency) in SPSS V.18. In this study, a significant correlation was observed between professional autonomy and age (P>0.001), gender (P=0.04), work experience (P>0.03), education level (P>0.02) and attitude of nurses. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the mean scores of professional autonomy and nursing experience (r=0.559). According to the results of this study, general attitude of nurses towards professional autonomy was relatively positive. In addition, professional autonomy was observed to increase with higher education level and job satisfaction. Hierarchical team decisionmaking may restrict professional autonomy in nurses. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing skills and professional autonomy of nurses be improved through appropriate methods.

Background and One of the most important elements of nursing ethics is patient advocacy, which instills patients’ sense of independence and autonomy. Nurses’ perceptions of this concept can significantly influence their advocacy role. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess nurses’ perceptions about this phenomenon. In this cross-sectional study, 385 nurses were selected via quota sampling from three hospitals, affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2012. Data were collected, using a self-administered questionnaire for assessing nurses’ perceptions of patient advocacy (with a score range of -1 to 1). The obtained data were analyzed, using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. As the results indicated, nurses’ perceptions about patient advocacy were relatively positive (0.73%). Moreover, there was a statistically significant relationship between patient advocacy and nurses’ educational level (P=0.01), working in different hospital wards (P<0.001), participation in workshops on patient rights (P<0.001) and working in different hospitals (P=0.01). In this study, nurses were highly responsible regarding patient advocacy, despite the fact that patient advocacy is not considered as a professional nursing role in Iran. However, further studies are required to confirm the obtained findings.