mohamed mouchane

Adsorption, a well-known surface phenomenon, is an effective and environmentally friendly method for purifying effluents, allowing for the removal of a wide variety of impurities and contaminants. This process relies on mass transfer, where a solid can selectively extract dissolved components from an aqueous solution by attracting solute molecules to its surface. Clay minerals and modified clays are particularly effective as adsorbents for capturing metal ions and various dyes present in wastewater. These natural, non-toxic, and cost-effective materials are widely used in water treatment due to their distinctive properties: large surface area, better cation exchange capacity, and their ability to adsorb pollutants. This article provides an overview of the different types of natural clays (in raw and modified forms), their crystal structures, classifications, and their physical and chemical characteristics. It also provides a detailed discussion of the various methods used to modify clay for improved results, as well as the factors that influence the adsorption process, such as pH, temperature, contact time, and the initial concentration of contaminants. Finally, the review highlights the adsorption capacity and efficiency of different clay types for the removal of various contaminants from water particularly dyes and heavy metals.

great interest is given to the medicinal plants, which constitute an invaluable wealth for most of the inhabitants of karia Ba Mohamed and its regions. To identify and evaluate the aromatic and medicinal plants, traditionally used in the region, to treat and care for the hair; we conducted an ethnobotanical survey of 100 people of different ages and sexes using a questionnaire in order to collect as much information as possible on the therapeutic uses practiced. The results found have identify dozens of species of medicinal plants; most of them are used for the treatment and care of the hair. The data obtained was analyzed by specific quantitative indices such as frequency citation (FC), relative frequency of citation (RFC) and family importance value (FIV). A total of 42 species were identified and divided into 28 families. The most cited families are the Lythraceae (FIV=0.700); Rosaceae (FIV=0.560); Zygophyllaceae (FIV= 0.460); Lamiaceae (FIV = 0.360); Papaveraceae (FIV = 0.330) Alliaceae (FIV = 0.290). Among the most used species, we note Origanum compactum Benth, Rosa centifolia L., Allium cepa L., Allium sativum L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Lawsonia inermis L., Peganum harmala L. These plants have been identified and presented considering the part used and the preparation method. These results provide a database for further studies to assess these plants’ biological and chemical potential in phytochemistry and pharmacology.