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عضویت
فهرست مطالب نویسنده:

mohammad abdi

  • Elsa Mirzad, Mitra Javanmardi, Masoud Haidarizadeh, Mohammad Abdi
    Background

    Recently, more attention has been paid to the use of complementary medicine in breast cancer (BC) treatment. Juglans green fruit pericarp was found to have anti-cancer characteristics.

    Objectives

    We aimed here to assess the possible anti-proliferative effects of methanolic extract of Juglans green fruit pericarp in BC cell lines.

    Methods

    MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were examined with different concentrations of Juglans green fruit pericarp extract. The cell viability was investigated using a 3 - 2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Also, different phases of the cell cycle were analyzed utilizing a flow cytometry method. Finally, the ability of cancer cells to create colonies was studied post-treatment with Juglans green fruit pericarp.

    Results

    Our findings showed that the methanol extract has substantial cytotoxicity on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. We also observed a significant arrest in the G0/G1 phase in cancer cells post-treatment with the methanol extract.

    Conclusions

    In summary, our results introduced a cytotoxic property for Juglans green fruit pericarp methanol extract for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Future studies are needed to further evaluate its utility as a potential complementary therapy for BC.

    Keywords: Breast Cancer Cell Lines, Cytotoxicity, Juglans Regial. Greenfruit Pericarp, Methanol Extract
  • مجید آقایی*، مهدیه رضاقلی زاده، محمد عبدی سیدکلایی، روا موسوی

    در این مطالعه به بررسی ارتباط بین فراوانی منابع طبیعی (رانت منابع) و توسعه مالی به منظور آزمون فرضیه نفرین منابع مالی در ایران طی دوره زمانی 1990 تا 2021 با استفاده از داده های سالیانه جمع آوری شده از بانک جهانی پرداخته شد. برآورد ارتباط بین متغیرها در این مطالعه با استفاده از الگوهای خودرگرسیون با وقفه های توزیعی خطی (ARDL) و غیرخطی (NARDL) صورت گرفته است؛ همچنین، به منظور اطمینان از درستی نتایج به دست آمده از تخمین زن حداقل مربعات معمولی پویا (DOLS) نیز استفاده گردید. در این مطالعه به منظور بررسی دقیق‏تر تاثیر رانت منابع بر اجزای مختلف سیستم مالی از سه شاخص مختلف توسعه مالی به صورت شاخص توسعه بانکی، شاخص توسعه بازار سهام و شاخص توسعه مالی کل در مدل سازی استفاده شده است. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق بیانگر این است که تاثیر رانت منابع بر شاخص توسعه بانکی در ایران طی دوره مورد بررسی و در بلندمدت مثبت و معنی دار است و فرضیه موهبت منابع مالی در بخش بانکی ایران تایید می شود؛ درحالی که براساس نتایج به دست آمده نمی توان شواهدی مبنی بر وجود یا عدم وجود فرضیه نفرین منابع مالی با توجه به شاخص توسعه بازار سهام و شاخص توسعه مالی کل طی دوره مورد بررسی یافت. نتایج به دست آمده در الگوی ARDL خطی با توجه به الگوی NARDL و DOLS نیز تایید می شود. بر اساس تخمین مدل NARDL تاثیر شوک های مثبت ناشی از منابع طبیعی بر شاخص توسعه بانکی بیشتر از شوک های منفی است. تاثیر کیفیت نهادی بر شاخص توسعه بانکی، شاخص توسعه بازار سهام و شاخص کل توسعه مالی در بلندمدت مثبت و معنی دار است و نشان دهنده این است که تقویت نهادها در کشور می تواند بر استفاده کارآ و مناسب از منابع طبیعی در توسعه مالی کشور موثر باشد. با توجه به نتایج تحقیق و اثرات سرریز درآمدهای حاصل از منابع طبیعی بر رشد اقتصادی و توسعه مالی در کشور ایران به عنوان کشور صادرکننده نفت، سیاست گذاری مناسب در این زمینه بسیار ضروری به نظر می رسد. در این راستا مرور تجربه کشورهای موفق نظیر نروژ و بوتسوانا جهت سیاست گذاری می تواند مفید باشد

    کلید واژگان: الگوهای خودرگرسیون با وقفه های توزیعی خطی (ARDL) و غیر خطی (NARDL), نفرین منابع مالی, توسعه مالی, رانت منابع
    Majid Aghaei*, Mahdieh Rezagholizadeh, Mohammad Abdi, Rawa Mosavi
    Aim and Introduction

    Based on empirical studies, in addition to the natural resources curse and the negative impact of natural resources income on the economic growth and development in resource-rich countries, some of these countries face various other issues. These issues include political and social problems, high levels of poverty and inequality, low levels of education, economic growth fluctuations, low institutional quality, and political instability (Sachs & Warner, 2001). In this context, one of the challenges in resource-rich countries, especially in developing countries, when compared to countries without natural resources, is the low level of financial development. Financial development has failed to play an effective role in the economic growth of these countries (Albadawi and Soto, 2012; Gelb, 2010; Samargandi et al., 2014; Frenkel, 2012).  On the other hand, considering studies such as those by Pendergas et al., (2011), in most resource-rich countries that have managed to overcome the resource curse, a reasonable level of financial development is observed. Therefore, the first question that arises is whether there is a relationship between financial development and the abundance of natural resources in these countries. Given the role of the financial system in the optimal allocation of resources, what impact will the financial system have on the abundance of natural resources in resource-rich countries?Iran is a country abundant in oil resources that has struggled to overcome the challenges and obstacles on the path to development, such as unemployment and economic growth fluctuations. Issues related to natural resources still persist in this country. Given the importance of the relationship between the financial sector and the abundance of natural resources for necessary policymaking on the path to economic growth and development, this study aims to examine and investigate the relationship between the abundance of natural resources and financial development in Iran using various financial development indicators and different econometric methods.

    Methodology

    In order to investigate and empirically analyze the long-term and short-term dynamic relationship between variables, this research employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounding test approach. The ARDL Bounding test method was developed by Pesaran and Shin (1999) and Pesaran et al. (2001). This method offers advantages over other conventional and previous cointegration methods, such as the Johansen and Toda-Yamamoto approaches. Some of its advantages include applicability regardless of considering the order of cointegration between variables, its ability to handle cases where variables are I (0) or I (1), suitability for limited sample sizes, obtaining efficient estimates without the risk of over-specification of the long-run model relationships, and presenting a reduced-form single-equation form rather than a systemic one for the long-run relationship.The ARDL model estimates the short-term and long-term linear relationship between variables and cannot estimate non-linear relationships between the variables. Therefore, in this study, considering the possibility of a non-linear and asymmetric relationship between resource rents and financial development, the non-linear ARDL model, developed by Shin et al. in 2014, was employed to estimate the model. The NARDL model is a specific form of the ARDL model developed by Pesaran et al., (2001). It allows for the investigation of asymmetry in the long-term and short-term relationships between variables. The advantage of the NARDL method over other cointegration techniques is its superior performance in models with limited observations. Furthermore, this approach is applicable when the explanatory variables in the model are endogenous (Alam and Quazy, 2003).

    Findings

      Results indicate that impact of natural resource abundance on the banking development index is not significant in the short term, while the lagged values of natural resources have a positive and significant impact on the banking development index in Iran. Considering the long-term estimation of the model, it can be concluded that the effect of natural resource abundance or, in other words, resource rents on banking sector development in Iran is positive and significant. Based on this result, the hypothesis of resource curse in the banking sector during the examined period in Iran is confirmed. Beck (2011) found that in natural resources rich countries, banks have better capitalization and profitability, but they provide fewer credits to the private sector and have less inclination towards financial development. Therefore, it appears that due to the bank-oriented nature of the financial system in Iran and the substantial injection of oil resources into banks, it has managed to foster the development of this sector.The results of estimating the stock market development model indicate that natural resource abundance has a positive impact on stock market development in both the short and long terms, although it is not statistically significant. Therefore, it is not possible to make a clear statement about the presence or absence of the resource curse in the stock market. Based on studies like Asif et al. (2020) and Ali et al. (2022), the inclusion of various companies related to natural resources in the stock market can help finance these companies in their high-cost extraction and refining operations. Consequently, it can create various job opportunities and boost economic activities, leading to economic growth and development. Therefore, income derived from natural resources through an efficient stock market can contribute to economic growth.The impact of natural resource abundance on the overall financial development index in the long term is positive but not statistically significant. Therefore, the hypothesis of the resource curse in Iran is not confirmed. Considering that the Iranian financial system is influenced by the banking system, and resource rents have been confirmed in the banking sector, this result can be justified as indicative of the greater flow of oil revenues into the Iranian banking system. However, this result may also indicate the dominant role of the government in the allocation of natural resource revenues and the weakness of the private sector and the capital market in the proper allocation of these revenues. The results of estimating the overall financial development index, which is obtained by combining stock market development and banking development, highlight the importance of financial integration and the utilization of the entire financial system's capacity to transform resource rents into a resource blessing.Top of Form.

    Discussion and Conclusion

    Based on the empirical results, the hypothesis of the presence of resource cures in the banking sector in Iran was confirmed, given the significant positive relationship between banking sector development and natural resource abundance during the study period. However, regarding the resource curse in the stock market, it is not possible to make a clear statement due to the insignificance of the coefficients.According to the estimation of the NARDL model and the significant positive impact of positive shocks from natural resource rents on the banking development index on one hand, and the negative (although insignificant) impact of negative shocks on the other hand, the results of the NARDL model can be seen as confirming the findings of the ARDL model. Therefore, the hypothesis of resource blessing in the banking sector is cautiously confirmed based on this model.In the case of the stock market, the NARDL results also do not provide conclusive evidence regarding the hypothesis of a resource curse in Iran's stock market due to the insignificance of the coefficients related to resource rents in the estimation of the stock market development index.The results of the NARDL estimation in the overall financial development index model indicate that positive shocks from resource rents have a significant positive impact on the overall financial development, while negative shocks have a negative impact, although they are not statistically significant. Considering these results, the dominant role of the banking system in Iran's financial system is confirmed, and thus, special attention from the government to the capital market as one of the most effective components of the financial system seems necessary.Top of Form

    Keywords: Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL), Financial Resource Curse, Financial Development, Resource Rents
  • رضا بیگ وردی، مهسا قمری، محمد عبدی، حمید رضا گلی*
    سابقه و هدف

    استرپتوکوکوس گروه B (Group B Streptococcus; GBS) یا استرپتوکوکوس آگالاکتیه یکی از مهم ترین علل بیماری های تهاجمی نظیر سپتی سمی و مننژیت در نوزادان بوده و توانایی ایجاد انواع بیماری در زنان باردار و بالغین با بیماری زمینه ای را دارد. این باکتری در واژن و رکتوم 10درصد الی 30 درصد از خانم های باردار کلونیزه می شود. کلونیزاسیون خانم های باردار با GBS خطر زایمان زودرس و انتقال باکتری در هنگان زایمان به نوزاد را افزایش می دهد. پنی سیلین به عنوان آنتی بیوتیک خط اول جهت درمان عفونت های ناشی از GBS تجویز می شود، درحالی که ماکرولیدها (اریترومایسین)، لینکوزامیدها (کلیندامایسین) و استرپتوگرامین های گروه B به عنوان داروهای جایگزین توصیه شده اند. شیوع مقاومت به آنتی بیوتیک ها در این باکتری در حال افزایش بوده و ممکن است باعث بروز مشکلات در درمان شود. بنابراین، هدف از این مطالعه بررسی فراوانی مقاومت به اریترومایسین و کلیندامایسین و ژن های کد کننده مقاومت به این آنتی بیوتیک ها در سویه های GBS جدا شده از نمونه های واژن و رکتوم خانم های باردار در ایران می باشد.

    مواد و روش ها

    مطالعه حاضر یک متاآنالیز می باشد که به بررسی مطالعات انجام شده در زمینه مقاومت به آنتی بیوتیک های اریترومایسین و کلیندامایسین در سویه های GBS جداشده از خانم های باردار می پردازد. در ابتدا جمع آوری اطلاعات با جستجو در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی PubMed، Scopus، Web of Science، SID (Scientific Information Database) و Google Scholar با استفاده از کلید واژه های استرپتوکوکوس آگالاکتیه، استرپتوکوکوس گروه B (Group B Streptococcus: GBS)، مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی، اریترومایسین، کلیندامایسین، MLSB (macrolide، lincosamide و group B streptogramins) صورت گرفت. سپس، از میان مقالات جمع آوری شده معیارهایی همچون: داشتن حجم کافی، کنترل مخدوش گرها، در برگرفتن آنتی بیوتیک های مدنظر و دسترسی به متن کامل مطالعه تعیین شد. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار Comprehensive MetaAnalysis (Biostat V2.2) بررسی شدند. ناهمگنی بین مطالعات با شاخص I2 بررسی و براساس نتایج ناهمگنی از مدل اثر تصادفی جهت تعیین شیوع مقاومت استفاده شد.

    یافته ها

    در جستجوی اولیه پایگاه های اطلاعاتی، 242 مطالعه یافت شد. سپس، 41 مطالعه به دلیل تکراری بودن در پایگاه های اطلاعاتی از مطالعه خارج شدند و 201 مطالعه مرتبط با موضوع واجد شرایط جهت متاآنالیز بودند. در نهایت، 158 مطالعه به دلیل مرتبط نبودن با موضوع پژوهش، پس از ارزیابی عناوین و خلاصه مقالات، از مطالعه خارج شدند. در پایان، 16 مطالعه جهت تحلیل و آنالیز وارد این مطالعه شدند. در این متاآنالیز، شیوع مقاومتبه اریترومایسین و کلیندامایسین، فنوتیپ های مقاومت و ژن های کد کننده مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی در جدایه های GBS زنان باردار مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. تمامی مطالعات از نوع مطالعات مقطعی بودند. طبق محاسبات، میزان مقاومت به اریترومایسین و کلیندامایسین به ترتیب در (43/9-16CI95%:) 27/9 درصد و (43/5-17CI95%:) 28/4 درصد بود. فنوتیپ مقاومت پیوسته و القایی به ترتیب در (40/4-6/2CI95%:) 17/5 درصد و(23/2-4/7CI95%:) 10/9 درصد و فنوتیپ M و L به ترتیب در (16- 3/9CI95%:)8/1 درصد و (8/4-2/7CI95%:) 4/8 درصد از جدایه ها مشاهده شد. میزان شیوع ژن های کدکننده مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی ermTR (41/4-27/4CI95%:) 34درصد، ermB(77/1-3CI95%:) 24/5درصد و mefA (11/4-3/9CI95%:) 6/7 درصد بود.

    استنتاج

    این مطالعه نشان داد که میزان مقاومت به اریترومایسین و کلیندامایسین در جدایه های GBS در ایران رو به افزایش است. بنابراین تست حساسیت آنتی بیوتیکی (آنتی بیوگرام) قبل از تجویز این آنتی بیوتیک ها، به منظور جلوگیری از ظهور سویه های مقاوم باید انجام شود.

    کلید واژگان: استرپتوکوکوس آگالاکتیه, اریترومایسین, کلیندامایسین, مقاومت آنتی بیوتیکی, زنان باردار
    Reza Beigverdi, Mahsa Ghamari, Mohammad Abdi, Hamid Reza Goli*
    Background and purpose

    Group B Streptococcus (GBS), or Streptococcus agalactiae, is a major cause of invasive diseases such as meningitis and septicemia in newborns, as well as various diseases in pregnant women and non-pregnant adults with underlying conditions. This bacterium colonizes the vagina and rectum in 10% to 30% of pregnant women. GBS colonization in pregnant women increases the risk of preterm delivery and transmission of the bacteria to the baby during childbirth. Penicillin is the first-line antibiotic for treating GBS infections, while macrolides (e.g., erythromycin), lincosamides (e.g., clindamycin), and streptogramins have been recommended as alternative treatments. However, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance is rising and could lead to significant clinical challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin, as well as the associated resistance genes, in GBS strains isolated from pregnant women in Iran.

    Materials and methods

    This meta-analysis examines studies focused on resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin in GBS strains isolated from pregnant women. A comprehensive search was conducted across databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SID (Scientific Information Database), and Google Scholar, using keywords such as Streptococcus agalactiae, Group B Streptococcus, antibiotic resistance, erythromycin, clindamycin, MLSB (macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B) resistance, and related terms. Inclusion criteria included sufficient sample size, control of confounding factors, inclusion of the relevant antibiotics, and availability of full-text articles. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (Biostat V2.2). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I2 index, and a random-effects model was applied due to heterogeneity in the results.

    Results

    The initial database search identified 241 studies. After removing 41 duplicates, 201 studies were considered for meta-analysis. After reviewing the titles and abstracts, 158 studies were excluded for not meeting the research criteria, leaving 16 studies for final analysis. This meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin, resistance phenotypes, and the genes encoding antibiotic resistance in GBS isolates from pregnant women. All studies included were cross-sectional. The pooled resistance rates for erythromycin and clindamycin were 27.9% (CI95%: 16-43.9) and 28.4% (CI95%: 17-43.5), respectively. Continuous and inducible resistance phenotypes were observed in 17.5% (CI95%: 6.2-40.4) and 10.9% (CI95%: 4.7-23.2) of the isolates. The M and L phenotypes were found in 8.1% (CI95%: 3.9-16) and 4.8% (CI95%: 2.7-8.4) of the isolates, respectively. The prevalence of resistance genes, including ermTR, ermB, and mefA, was 34% (CI95%: 27.4-41.4), 24.5% (CI95%: 3-77.1), and 6.7% (CI95%: 3.9-11.4), respectively.

    Conclusion

    The study shows an increasing trend of erythromycin and clindamycin resistance in GBS isolates from pregnant women in Iran. Therefore, antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed before prescribing these antibiotics to prevent the development and spread of resistant strains.

    Keywords: Streptococcus Agalactiae, Erythromycin, Clindamycin, Antibiotic Resistance, Pregnant Women
  • Mitra Javanmardi, Mohammadkarim Khosropanah, Mohammad Abdi
    Objectives

    Complementary medicine for the treatment of breast cancer has received a considerable research attention over the past years. Studies have also shown the anti-proliferative properties of Lavandula angustifolia. This study aimed to investigate the likely anti-proliferative effects of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracted from L. angustifolia on a cell line of the breast cancer.

    Materials and Methods

    The MDA-MB-231 cell line was treated with different concentrations of three extracts from L. angustifolia. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability, and flow cytometry was used to examine the cell cycle. The potential of the breast cancer cell line to form the colonies after a treatment with the plant extract was also investigated. The matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP2 and 9) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina in PyRx0.8 to investigate the likely target protein.

    Results

    The results showed that the methanol extract had considerable cytotoxicity to MDA-MB-231. The G0/G1 phase arrest was significantly increased in MDA-MB-231 after treatment with methanol extract. Furthermore, MMP2 and 9 significantly down-regulated the post treatment with the plant extract. The docking energy (kcal.mol-1) of eight methanolic extract compounds was docked with the histone deacetylase (HDAC), and nine transcription factors were achieved.

    Conclusions

    In sum, a cytotoxic property was determined for L. angustifolia methanol extract on the MDA-MB-231. According to the results from docking studies, the best compound among the investigated compounds was 2-furancarboxaldehyde, which was docked with HDAC with a –7.37 kcal.mol-1 docking score. Therefore, it was recommended that future studies should be carried out to further investigate L. angustifolia as a possible complementary treatment.

    Keywords: Antitumor Activity, Lavandula Angustifolia, Breast Cancer Cell Line, Docking Study, MDA-MB-231
  • Ehsan Golchini, Mohammad Abdi, Hojjat Torkmandi, Akbar Pourrahimi

    Due to the wide variety of cervical vertebral congenital anomalies, knowledge of their types and related clinical conditions can prove to be helpful for physicians and surgeons in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. The aim of this study is to report on a rare case of unstable cervical vertebral congenital anomaly in which the patient had a defect in the body of the C3 vertebra in addition to defects in the posterior arch of C1 and posterior element of C2. This type of anomaly has not been reported so far in the literature. To reduce the patient’s related neurological disorders, our treatment choice for this patient was occipitocervical fusion (OCF) surgery. At the 3-year postoperative follow-up, all sensory and motor problems related to this anomaly affecting the patient's upper and lower limbs and causing shoulder and neck pain were eliminated. In this rare type of anomaly, OCF surgery seems to be an effective choice in relieving the patient's neurological symptoms.

    Keywords: Cervical Vertebrae, Cervical Spine, Occipitocervical Fusion, Atlas, Axis
  • Hojjat Torkmandi, Bita Sadeghi, Parsa Farmahin Farahany, Mostafa Mozafari, Mohammad Abdi *
    Background

    One of the legal and ethical issues related to the medical profession and health centers is patients’ uncertainty regarding the type and quality of clinical care provided and the extent to which the health care providers comply with the necessary criteria in delivering health care. This study investigated the civil, criminal, and ethical aspects of using cameras in the operating room by describing a case that a legal complaint had filed regarding this issue and a review of the literature.

    Methods

    The study was a case report and narrative review. First, we introduce a case that found out that the patient admitted for brain tumor surgery did not operate on him and requested to review the videos of the operating room. Then, we investigated this issue in the literature.

    Results

    The purpose and outcome of using Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) in the Operating Room (OR), may vary depending on the goals, needs, and expectations of different stakeholders. Some countries may use CCTV in the OR primarily for educational, research, or quality improvement purposes. In contrast, others may use CCTV in the OR mainly for security, surveillance, or legal purposes. 

    Conclusion

    The suggestion of recording the events done in the operating room environment using a CCTV can be an acceptable solution and as a legal document and evidence.

    Keywords: ethics, Operating rooms, Surgery, Video recording
  • Maryam Asadi Aghajari, Sevda Fazlizade, Elnaz Hashemzadeh, Mansour Ojaghloo, Leila Ghanbari-Afra, Zeinab Ghahremani, Mohammad Abdi *
    Background

    The COVID-19 pandemic caused depression by creating constant occupational stress. Depression can be one of the most important complications after corona.

    Aim

    The present study was performed with aim to investigate the relationship between occupational stress and depression in emergency medical technicians (EMTs) when facing the patients with suspected COVID-19 after corona peak.

    Method

    This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with the participation of 205 EMTs at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran, 2022. Sampling was done using convenience methods. Data collection tools included a demographic information form, Goldberg depression scale, and House and Rizzo's Work Stress Scale.

    Results

    The mean of occupational stress and depression were 45.80±6.480 (Range 15-75) and 34.92±19.21 (Range 0-90), respectively. Occupational stress has a positive and significant relationship with depression (r=0.189, p=0.009). Also, Logistic regression showed the level of education (OR=0.577, p=0.029) and employment status (OR=0.647, p=0.050) were identified as protective of occupational stress and the number of children (OR=0.433, p=0.021) identified as a protective factor of depression in EMTs when facing patients with suspected COVID-19.

    Implications for Practice: 

    This study showed that occupational stress is related to increased depression in EMTs. In addition, some demographic factors protect these disorders. Therefore, it is suggested to pay more attention to psychological symptoms and influencing factors in EMTs post-COVID-19 era. Also, psychological recovery skills should be improved in continuing professional development policy.

    Keywords: COVID-19, Depression, Emergency Medical Technicians, Occupational stress
  • Mohammad Abdi, Abbas Ahmadi, Aram Mokarizadeh *

    Recently, prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has dramatically increased worldwide due to their shared routes of transmission. Compared to sporadic infection with HIV, HBV, and HCV, concurrent infection with these agents increases the effects and complications of these viruses. Furthermore, co-infection may also alter therapeutic strategies against HIV. Accordingly, choosing appropriate biomarkers to detect these co -infections is one of the main concerns in the field of diagnostic pathology. Up to now, several markers have been introduced for simultaneous diagnosis of HIV, HBV, and HCV. In this regard, serum adenosine deaminase activity (ADA), Fibro Tests, AST-to-Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), Fibrosis-4, Hyaluronic acid, and micro ribonucleic acids have been investigated as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of HIV-HCV/HBV co-infections. This work summarizes the diagnostic value of current and emerging biomarkers in HIV patients concurrently infected with HBV and HCV.

    Keywords: biomarker, Co-infection, HBV, HCV, HIV
  • Maryam Asadi Aghajari, Elnaz Hashemzadeh, Sevda Fazlizade, Mansour Ojaghloo, Leila Ghanbari-Afra, Zeinab Ghahremani, Mohammad Abdi *
    Objective
    Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) are at risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) as a result of seeing painful events involving suspected COVID-19 patients and being concerned aboutpotentially infecting themselves and their families. Therefore, screening for these disorders is essential in thepost-Corona era. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PTSD among EMTs and its relationship withoccupational stress and depression when dealing with patients with suspected COVID-19.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted on EMTs at Zanjan University of Medical Sciences usinga convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire, PTSDchecklist, occupational stress questionnaire, and the Goldberg depression scale. The data were analyzed using SPSSsoftware. Statistical tests such as Pearson correlation and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the data.
    Result
    205 EMTs participated in this cross-sectional study. The mean and standard deviation of PTSD was37.13±12.93 (17-85), and according to the cut-off (45), the prevalence of PTSD was 30.7%. There was a direct andsignificant association between the total PTSD and depression scores (r=0.435, p=0.001). Some occupational stressdomains, such as demand (r=0.306, p=0.001), colleague support (r=0.149, p=0.033), and communication (r=0.293,p=0.001) had a significant association with PTSD. The domains of sadness in depression (OR=1.074, p=0.027)and demands in occupational stress (OR=1.872, p=0.029) were the most important predictors of PTSD. Amongdemographic variables, employment status was the most important protective factor for PTSD (OR=0.378, p=0.038).
    Conclusion
    PTSD affected one-third of EMTs, and it had a significant relationship with various dimensionsof depression and occupational stress. Due to the chronic nature of these diseases, policymakers are advised toprioritize psychological screening of EMTs as part of the post-Corona policy.
    Keywords: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Occupational Stress, depression, Emergency medical technicians, COVID-19
  • Shiva Khayyati Motlagh Bonab, Aeen Mohammadi, Sevda Fazlizade, Elnaz Hashemzadeh, Reyhaneh Golbaf, Hojjat Torkmandi, Mohammad Abdi
    Background

    Professionalism means understanding a profession and introducing it to the society through professional behaviors. In particular in clinical settings, constructive feedback is provided in education to create professional behaviors.

    Objectives

    This study aimed to investigate giving feedback on professionalism in clinical education.

    Methods

    A narrative review was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar on the publications over the last 10 years. Eight hundred twenty-six articles were found in the first step, among which 30 were handed over to the expert panel. Fifteen of 30 articles were finally selected.

    Results

    The data of the studies were in four categories: feedback techniques, feedback in. curriculum, the scope of feedback, and feedback outcome. Feedback on professionalism was mostly presented through online services, portfolio, video-based systems, by a preceptor or peers, longitudinally in internship courses, and Multi Source Feedback (360 degree). In a study, feedback on professionalism was considered formally in the curriculum. Educational experts give both formative and summative feedback (most of which were formative). Based on the literature, feedback can enhance learning professionalism, curriculum reforms, system support, student comfort, evaluations, and efficacy of professionalism.

    Conclusion

    Multi-Source feedback assessment was the most used tool for giving feedback in professionalism, and the most popular form was informal-formative feedback. Since professionalism is a multidimensional concept related to personal communication, multi-source tools have been the most commonly used in the literature.

    Keywords: Feedback, Professionalism, Clinical Education
  • MohammadReza Zeraati, Hojjat Torkmandi, Mohammad Abdi *, MohammadReza Jamshidi, Alireza Safaie

    Pyrexia and shivering are the most popular side effects of postpartum administration of misoprostol, but other side effects of this drug are very rare. A 27-year-old pregnant female patient was admitted to Ayatollah Mousavi hospital (Zanjan, Iran), complaining about severe headache and the primary diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis. Treatment was successful after primary investigations and planed therapy for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (CVT). Following the decision on terminating the pregnancy, five tablets of Sublingual misoprostol (200 mg) was used once evacuation of pregnancy remnants was done. About thirty minutes after the administration of misoprostol, onset of severe shivering and tachycardia (201/min) with high fever (about 41°C) and hypertension (182/123 mmHg) was observed. National Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) form was completed. All of symptoms were alleviated 30 minutes after administration of Paracetamol 1gram (Intravenous infusion) followed by Metoprolol 50 mg (orally). According to the literature, we listed the various side effects of misoprostol. Even though the side effects of misoprostol are diverse and rare, the simultaneous occurrence of these side effects is not cited till date. These incidents are reported to the authorities as per ADR policy; nonetheless, no preventive measures are implemented. This necessitates medical educational policies to be taken into consideration to educate healthcare providers throughout their professional career as well as research.

    Keywords: Sublingual, Misoprostol, Postpartum, Cerebral Venous Thrombosis, education, Policy
  • سید محمد عبدی*، تورج دریایی
    در فصل آخر از باب یکم کتاب تاریخ حمزه اصفهانی با عنوان «سنی ملوک الارض و الانبیاء» یا «کتاب الامم»، روایت زردشتیان از خلقت جهان را از کتابی ناشناخته که به نام آن اشاره نکرده نقل کرده. هدف این مقاله تلاش در جهت یافتن یا نزدیک شدن به هویت آن کتاب است که از طریق مقایسه محتوایی نقل قول حمزه با کتب پهلوی موجود، به این نتیجه رسیده ایم که هیچکدام از آثار موجود نمی تواند کتاب مورد نظر باشد الا بندهش که احتمالا بیرون از این سه فرض نیست: کتاب مورد نظر، یا همین نسخه موجود از بندهش بوده، یا دو کتاب جداگانه بوده اند که یکی ماخذ دیگری بوده، و یا عمده مطالبشان را از یک ماخذ مشترک نقل کرده اند. بنابر این مطالعه بندهش، می تواند در ماخذ شناسی حمزه اصفهانی، نماینده آن کتاب بی نام باشد.
    کلید واژگان: بندهش, تاریخ ملی ایرانیان, تاریخ نگاری دوره اسلامی, جهان بینی زردشتی, حمزه اصفهانی, سنی ملوک الارض و الانبیاء
    Mohammad Abdi *, Touraj Daryaee
    In the first part of Hamza al-Iṣfahānī’s Ta’rīkh sinī mulūk al-arḍ wa’l-anbiyā, otherwise known as Kitab al-omam, there is a chapter which narrates the Zoroastrian creation story, based an unknown source. The purpose of this article is to identify the source / book for Hamza. This is done by comparing the content quoted by Hamza and that of the existing Pahlavi books. We conclude that only one of the surviving Pahlavi texts have been used, namely that of the Bunahišn. Therefore the study of Bundahišn is in a way the model for the unknown source in Hamza al-Iṣfahānī's bibliography.
    Keywords: Bundahišn, Hamza al-Iṣfahānī, Islamic Historiography, Iranian national history, Ta’rīkh sinī mulūk al-arḍ wa’l-anbiyā, Zoroastrianism
  • محمد عبدی، محمدجواد نقیلو، محمدرضا دین محمدی*
    زمینه و هدف

    فراگیران تحصیلات تکمیلی علاوه بر درگیر شدن با محتواهای پیچیده در محیط دانشگاهی عمدتا نقش های جدیدی را در اجتماع کسب می کنند. هماهنگی بین یادگیری و عمل به وظایف اجتماعی نیازمند مهارت مدیریت زمان بالایی است. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین عوامل موثر بر وضعیت مدیریت زمان دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی ایران  در دوران همه گیری کووید-19 انجام شد.

    روش بررسی

    این مطالعه مقطعی مبتنی بر وب از طریق شبکه های اجتماعی رسمی دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی سراسر ایران انجام شد. ابزار گردآوری داده ها شامل پرسشنامه آنلاین اطلاعات فردی و پرسشنامه مدیریت زمان Trueman and Hartley (1996) بود. داده ها در نرم افزار SPSSv22 و به وسیله آمارهای توصیفی و تحلیل رگرسیون خطی چندگانه مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.

    یافته ها

    362 نفر دانشجوی تحصیلات تکمیلی در رشته های مختلف علوم پزشکی کشور در این مطالعه شرکت کردند. میانگین (انحراف معیار) نمره مدیریت زمان کل دانشجویان (47/5) 27/47 بود. تحلیل رگرسیون خطی چندگانه از بین 13 متغیر فردی و تحصیلی دانشجویان، تنها دو متغیر مقطع تحصیلی (P= 0.019, β = -0.126) و مدت مطالعه در شبانه روز P= 0.002, β = 0.172 را در پیش بینی مدیریت زمان آنها موثر تشخیص داد.

    نتیجه گیری

    سطح مهارت مدیریت زمان دانشجویان علوم پزشکی ایران در وضعیت نسبتا مطلوب قرار دارد. دانشجویان در مقطع تحصیلی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت زمان بهتری در مقایسه با دانشجویان مقطع دکترای تخصصی و دکترای حرفه ای داشتند. مدت مطالعه در شبانه روز نیز عامل قوی تری در پیش بینی مدیریت زمان دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی می باشد.

    کلید واژگان: مدیریت زمان, دانشجوی علوم پزشکی, شبکه های اجتماعی, آموزش مجازی, پیشرفت تحصیلی, همه گیری کووید-19
    Mohammad Abdi, MohammadJavad Naghiloo, Mohammadreza Dinmohammadi*
    Background & Objective

    Graduate students, in addition to engaging with complex academic content in the university environment, mainly acquire new roles in society. Coordination between learning and performing social tasks requires high time management skills. This study was performed to determine the factors affecting the time management of Iranian graduate medical sciences students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

    Materials & Methods

    This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted across Iranian medical sciences universities in 2019, using web sampling through the official social networks of medical sciences universities in Iran. The data were collected using an online version of time management questionnaire by Trueman and Hartley (1996). Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) through descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis.

    Results

    In total, 362 graduate students in different majors of medical sciences participated in this study. The mean (SD) score of the total time management of students was obtained at 47.27(5.47). According to the results of multiple linear regression analysis, among 13 individual and academic variables of students, educational level (P=0.019, β=-0.126) and duration of study per day (P=0.002, β=0.172) were effective in predicting time management skills.

    Conclusion

    The time management skill of Iranian medical sciences students is relatively desirable. However, masters' students had better time management, compared to Ph.D. and residency students. Furthermore, the duration of study per day is a stronger factor in predicting the time management of graduate students.

    Keywords: Time Management, Medical sciences student, Social media, E-Learning, Educational achievement, Covid-19 Pandemic
  • Mohammad Abdi *, Zahra Lotfolahi, Maryam Zareie, Mohammad Saeidi, Kourosh Amini, Hojjat Torkmandi, Samad Ghodrati

    Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are one of the ingredients of herbal and dietary supplements that are popular among sports trainers. AAS abuse predisposes everyone to several complications. Reviews of the literature on AAS users have shown mainly skin, renal, and hepatic complications. In this case report, we presented a case with simultaneous complications, including diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pericardial effusion, gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), and acute kidney injury (AKI). Given the potential for lethal complications and the consequences of ethical, civil, and criminal law, it seems that specific policies will be considered for the use of bodybuilding drugs. It is also suggested that this approach be added as a new part of the medical curriculum. Also, ARDS and DAH are unreported side effects in other studies, which is suggested to be considered by specialists.

    Keywords: Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids, Adverse drug reaction, Complications
  • Ramin Farzam, Mohammad Abdi, Maryam Farhangi, Mohammad Zibaei, Hojjat Torkmandi*

    Hydatid cysts can be caused by Echinococcus species in various tissues. Skeletal cystic lesions are very rare and may be neglected. Here, we report a case of pathologic fracture following primary hydatid cystic lesions in the proximal and femoral shaft bone. A 62-year-old man suffered a sudden fracture followed by swelling of the thigh. Intramedullary femoral fixation was made and during the surgery, numerous cystic lesions of the hydatid cysts were observed. After  the surgery ultrasound and CT-Scans of the abdomen, lung, spine, and brain did not confirm any sign of mass or cyst elsewhere. The patient was followed up for one year. During this period, the union was not yet completely established and the patient was stillreceiving treatment. Orthopedic surgeons need to be aware of this parasitic complication in bones and joints and provide the best outcome for the patients with proper treatment. Surgery along with albendazole and/or mebendazole  therapy remains the treatment of choice. For this purpose, it is recommended that attention be paid to long-term follow-up in continuous professional development courses.

    Keywords: Hydatid cyst, Femoral bone, Fracture, Pathological fracture, Clinical education
  • سید محمد عبدی*، تورج دریایی

    هدف این مقاله بررسی زمینه های پیدایش و ورود گونه ای از روایات التقاطی در زنجیره روایت های تاریخ ملی ایرانیان است که از طریق ادغام شخصیت های آریایی و شخصیت های سامی ایجاد شده اند. در راستای این هدف، ضمن نقد آرای پیشینیان که دلایل این مسئله را عمدتا در دوره پیش از اسلام و نقش یهودیان و مسیحیان جست وجو کرده اند نبود شاهدی برای این دسته از روایات در متون پهلوی و منابع ایرانی تا دوران اسلامی را متذکر شده ایم و بر انتقال مرجعیت دینی از شریعت زردشت به شریعت اسلام تاکید کرده ایم. در ادامه، محاسبه تاریخ بر اساس سنت آریایی از یک سو و اصالت دادن به شخصیت ها و روایات سنت سامی از سوی دیگر را به عنوان علل زمینه ساز، معرفی کرده ایم، عللی که منجر به بروز تضادهای این دو سنت در مقوله های نخستین انسان، تشعب اقوام و رسالت و سلطنت جهانی شده است. و روایات التقاطی برساخته از این دو جریان روایی را تمهید مورخان و نسب شناسان مسلمان برای مرتفع ساختن این تضادها دانسته ایم.

    کلید واژگان: تاریخ ملی, روایات التقاطی, روایات ایرانی, روایات سامی, شاهنامه فردوسی
    Mohammad Abdi *, Touraj Daryaee

    The purpose of this article is to discover and identify the factors influencing what can be considered as causes in the entry of eclectic narratives into the course of Iranian national history. We mean those narratives that have emerged through the integration of Indo-European and Semitic-Islamic characters. First, while criticizing previous scholars who mainly considered the reasons for the entry of these narrations to be related to the pre-Islamic period and the influence of Jews and Christians, this study has noted that there is no evidence of such narrations in Middle Persian and nationalist sources until the Islamic era. In addition, the research emphasizes the replacement of Islam as an alternative to the old religion. Consequently, the assessment of the chronology of events in the ancient world, based on the history of ancient Iran on the one hand and the legitimation of the personalities and traditions of the Semitic tribes on the other hand as the underlying causes that have led to the revelation of the contradictions of these two traditions in the cases of the “first man”, the division of tribes, prophecy, and monarchy. In conclusion, the research has considered the eclectic narratives made up of these two narrative currents as the solution of Muslim historians and genealogists to eliminate contradictions.

    Keywords: National history, eclectic narrations, Iranian narrations, Semitic narrations, Shahnameh
  • Seyed Abdollah Samani, Mohammad Raman Moloudi, Rashid Ramezanzadeh, Mohammad Abdi, Bahram Nikkhoo, Esmael Izadpanah, Daem Roshani, Alina Abdolahi, Parisa Esmaili, Kambiz Hassanzadeh*
    Introduction

    Probiotics, including lactobacilli, have immunomodulatory activities with promising effects on inflammatory diseases. In this study, we evaluate the effect of Enterococcus durans (Edu) and three various strains of lactobacilli (Lacto-mix), including L. rhamnosus, L. casei, and L. plantarum, to prevent Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) features

    Methods

    C57BL/6 female mice were inoculated with Myelin Oigodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) in CFA (complete Freund’s adjuvant) to induce EAE. Five groups (n=6 in each group) of animals received saline or probiotics by oral gavage with 200 µL of lactobacilli (1.5×108 CFU/mL) for 2 weeks before the immunization and during the test for one month.

    Results

    Histopathological studies showed an increase in infiltration of inflammatory cells and destruction of the myelin membrane in the EAE group but a decrease in inflammatory cells in the probiotic-treated animals. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin [IL]-17 and Interferon [IFN]-γ) concentration in the supernatant of the brain and spinal cord tissues showed a significant increase in the EAE compared with the normal saline group (P<0.01). While in the spinal cord tissue, there was a decrease in IL-17 in those animals treated with the Lacto-mix and Edu + Lacto-mix (P<0.01) and a significant decrease in IFN-γ in those animals that received Edu (P<0.05). Western blot analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and myelin basic protein showed a decrease and increase in treatment and EAE groups, respectively, compared to the normal control group. 

    Conclusion

    Our data suggest that probiotic Enterococcus durans and Lacto-mix prevents EAE, but further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms and their application in preclinical and clinical trials.

    Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Probiotic, Enterococcus durans
  • Hojjat Torkmandi, Karim Torabi, Mohammad Abdi *, Sanaz Homayoon

    Ethics and law studies examine several issues in the field of medicine, one of which is the legal aspects related to patients living with mental disability. In a previous article, we introduced a 24-year-old female patient living with mental disability, diagnosed with large tumor growth in her right breast. Inadequate self-care as well as lack of breast self-examination were the causes of delayed referral and late diagnosis. The patient's family stated that no periodic breast examination was performed by the family or health centers. The patient's family did not have sufficient knowledge about caring for patients with mental disabilities. The question that will then arise under such circumstances is, will the legal system protect the incapacitated individuals if they or their family cannot provide for themselves? In this article, we discuss this issue and the existing legal vacuum.

    Keywords: ethics, Civil Rights, Breast cancer
  • Narges Mohammadi, Mohammad Abdi, Mohammadreza Dinmohammadi*
    Background

    The quality of nursing care can be affected by various factors. This study aims to determine the correlation between the quality of nursing care and the Severity of Illness (SOI) in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units (ICUs).

    Methods

    This descriptive-correlational study was performed from November 2018 to January 2019 in Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital, Zanjan City, Iran. The sample included 50 ICU patients who were recruited by convenience sampling. The data were collected using the ICU quality of nursing care scale and the sequential organ failure assessment score within the first seven days of hospitalization. They were analyzed by descriptive and non-parametric statistical tests (the Friedman, Wilcoxon signed-rank, and Spearman’s rho) using SPSS v. 22 software. The significance level was set as 0.05.

    Results

    The Mean±SD score of quality of nursing care was 86.62±2.19, and there was a significant difference among the seven days (P<0.001). Also, the Mean±SD score of SOI was 6.4±2.31, and it was constant in the first to third days of hospitalization and decreased by the fourth day of admission. There was a significant indirect correlation between the quality of nursing care and SOI from the fourth day onwards (P<0.05).

    Conclusion

    There was a significant inverse relationship between quality of nursing care and SOI from the fourth to the seventh day of hospitalization. It seems that nursing care delivery in the ICU is mainly routine and does not follow the holistic model of care. Therefore, the severity of the illness and the changing needs of ICU patients require that care models be tailored to these changes.

    Keywords: Quality of health care, Severity of illness, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), SOFA Score
  • محمد تقی کبیری، مصطفی تقی ملایی، محمد عبدی

    این مطالعه با هدف بررسی ارتباط بین جهت گیری استراتژیک، عملکرد بازاریابی و عملکرد بازار شرکت انجام شده است. روش این مطالعه از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر شیوه اجراء توصیفی از نوع همبستگی است. جامعه آماری این مطالعه کلیه مدیران شرکت های کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط شهر تهران در سال 1399 شامل 670 نفر بوده است. از بین آنها بر اساس استفاده از فرمول کوکران تعداد 244 نفر به عنوان نمونه استفاده شده است. روش نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشه ای است.  برای جمع آوری اطلاعات این مطالعه از پرسشنامه محقق ساخته استخراج شده بر اساس مقاله گاتلند، شاکف و سارین (2020) استفاده شده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده های پژوهش از نرم افزارهای آماری SPSSو PLS بهره گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داده است که جهت‌گیری بازار پاسخگو وجهت گیری فناوری با جهت‌گیری بازار فعال و پیشگام بازار رابطه مثبت و معنادار دارد. نتایج دیگر مشخص کرده است که جهت‌گیری بازار فعال با پیشگام بازار ، فروش و نرخ رشد رابطه مثبت و معنادار دارد. همچنین، پیشگام بازار با فروش و نرخ رشد رابطه مثبت و معنادار دارد.

    کلید واژگان: جهت گیری استراتژیک, عملکرد بازاریابی, عملکرد بازار شرکت, کسب و کارهای کوچک
    Mohammad Taghi Kabiri, Mustafa Taghi Mollai*, Mohammad Abdi

    This study aims to investigate the relationship between strategic orientation, marketing performance and market performance in SMEs. The statistical population of this study was all managers of small and medium business companies in Tehran in 2020. Using 244 idea and collecting information by a researcher-made questionnaire based on Gotland, Shakoff and Sarin (2020) and applying SPSS and PLS statistical software in analyzing, the results show that responsive market orientation and technology orientation have a positive and significant relationship with active market orientation and market pioneer. Other results also showed that active market orientation has a positive and significant relationship with market leader, sales and growth rate. The results also indicated that the market leader has a positive and significant relationship with sales and growth.

    Keywords: Strategic Orientation, Marketing Performance, Market Performance, Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
  • Mohammad Saeed Hakhamaneshi, Alina Abdolahi, Zakaria Vahabzadeh, Mohammad Abdi, Pedram Andalibi
    Objective

    Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO) is considered as a risk factor for atherosclerosis which further leads to inflammation during atherosclerosis. The exact mechanism(s) by which TMAO induces the inflammatory reactions remains to be determined. TMAO can cause the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that triggers activation of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). In macrophages, this process stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines. This study designed to evaluate the expression level of TLR4 in TMAO-treated macrophages.

    Materials and Methods

    In this experimental study, different concentrations of TMAO (37.5, 75, 150, and 300 μM) were exposed to murine macrophage (J774A.1 cell line) for 8, 18, 24, and 48 hours. The cells were also treated with 2.5 mM of 4-phenyl butyric acid as well as 2μg/ml of tunicamycin respectively as negative and positive controls for inducing ER-stress. We measured the viability of treated cells by the MTT test. Besides, the expression levels of TLR4 gene and protein were evaluated using western blotting and reverse transcription- quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. One-Way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.

    Results

    No cell death was observed in treated cells. The cells treated with 150 and 300 μM doses of TMAO for 24 hours showed a significant elevation in the protein and/or mRNA levels of TLR4 when compared to normal control or tunicamycin-treated cells.

    Conclusion

    Our results may in part elucidate the mechanism by which TMAO induces the macrophage inflammatory reactions in response to the induction of ER stress, similar to what happens during atherosclerosis. It also provides documentation to support the direct contribution of TLR4 in TMAO-induced inflammation.

    Keywords: Macrophage, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Trimethylamine-N-Oxide
  • Hassan Ahanghar, Atefeh Heydari, Mehran Tahrekhani, Maryam Mohammadi, Mohammad Abdi, Ahmad Jalilvand*
    Background

    Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Therefore, it is important to predict the future consequences of the disease in patients who have recovered.

    Objectives

    We sought to determine the relationship between troponin-I level and 6-month clinical consequences (i.e., re-infarction, death, re-angiography and coronary artery bypass grafting) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

    Methods

    This prospective cross-sectional study was performed among 60 patients with ACS admitted to Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan, Iran. The participants were chosen using the convenience sampling method. Troponin-I level in these patients was initially evaluated.  Afterwards, they were followed up for six months in terms of clinical consequences. A checklist was prepared to collect the required data. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine the predictive power of high-sensitivity troponin I for the mentioned consequences. Iodine index was calculated to determine the cutoff point for this enzyme in order to predict the consequences.

    Results

    In general, 66.2% of the participants were male and the mean age was 60.46 ± 12.78 years. We found that 21.2% of the participants experienced one of the four clinical consequences in the follow-up period of 6 months. The sub-curved surface was calculated to be 0.705 for the prediction of consequences. The cutoff point for the prediction of consequences was 32.5; the negative predictive value for the cutoff point was 32.5, which was equal to 89.8%.

    Conclusion

    Troponin-I has an acceptable predictive power to identify 6-month consequences of ACS. Moreover, considering the negative predictive value of troponin-I, it is recommended to use this biomarker in patients with ACS. In addition, healthcare providers should pay more attention to the follow-up of patients after discharge and design preventive programs.

    Keywords: troponin-I, acute coronary syndrome, sensitivity, specificity, preventive
  • Elmira Khademi, Mohammad Abdi, Mohammad Saeidi, Shahram Piri, Robab Mohammadian
    Background

    Emotional Intelligence (EI) is necessary for personal and professional success. This study aimed to determine the relationship between EI and quality of nursing care from the viewpoint of nurses and patients.

    Materials and Methods

    This descriptive correlational study was conducted using convenience sampling to select the patients (n = 300) and census sampling to select the nurses (n = 100) at Amir Alam Hospital in Tabriz, Iran, in 2018. The data collection tools were the Quality Patient Care Scale (QUALPAC) and EI test by Bradberry‑Greaves. Data analysis was performed in SPSS Version 20, using t‑test, ANOVA, Chi‑square, Pearson’s correlation test, and multivariate analysis.

    Results

    The mean (SD) score of EI was 91.17 (12.33) in nurses, and the mean (SD) score of nursing care quality was 184.01 (37.41) and 202.22 (22.30) from the viewpoint of patients and nurses, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two viewpoints (p </em>= 0.652). However, there was a significant correlation between the nurses’ EI and quality of nursing care (r = 1.00, p </em>< 0.001). The educational level was the strongest predictor of increase in nursing care quality from the patients’ viewpoint, according to the multivariate analysis (â = −0.27, p </em>< 0.001).

    Conclusions

    EI positively affects the quality of nursing care and its dimensions. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing policymakers consider educational programs to strengthen the nurses’ EI and enhance the quality of nursing care. Patients, similar to nurses, can be proper indicators of the quality of nursing care; accordingly, simultaneous use of these indicators is suggested.

    Keywords: Emotional intelligence, nurses, patients, quality of health care
  • Mohammad Zeraati, Hojjat Torkmandi, Zahra Ghahramani, Mohammad Abdi

    Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare and infrequent condition in pregnant women. Hemorrhagic infarction can occur in early stages of cerebral venous thrombosis. This article reports a rare case of cerebral transverse sinus thrombosis presenting in pregnant women with unidentified secondary hypoparathyroidism, highlighting the difficulties in identifying this rare case from common diagnosis like preeclampsia. According to the differential diagnoses for this case, it can be a good exercise to strengthen clinical reasoning in students and medical teachers to improve the quality of clinical education.

    Keywords: Cerebral venous thrombosis, Hypoparathyroidism, Preeclampsia, Pregnant, Anticoagulants, Thrombolysis
  • Mona Aryanezhad, Mohammad Abdi, Sabrieh Amini, Kambiz Hassanzadeh, Elham Valadbeigi, Kaveh Rahimi, Esmael Izadpanah *, MohammadRaman Moloudi
    Objective

    Depression is one of the most common mood disorders. Considering the evidence on the effect of Cinnamomum on mood disorders, this study investigatedthe effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Cinnamomum (HEC) in an animal model of depression.

    Materials and Methods

    Thirty-two male rats were selected and divided into four groups (n=8) including: control, depressed, and depressed treated with200 and 400 mg/kg HEC. Depression induction protocol was conducted in all groups except for the control group. Sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST) were done to analyze the depression score. After four weeks, the animals brain cortex was removed and BDNF protein and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) gene expression levels were determined by ELISA and Real Time PCR, respectively.

    Results

    The results of this study showed that 400 mg/kg of HEC increased the tendency to drink the sucrose solution. Furthermore, immobility time significantly increased in the depressed group compared to the control group while it was attenuated by administration of 400 mg/kg extract on the 28th day versus the depressed group. Also the extract at both doses increased swimming time compared to the depressed group. In addition, an increase in the BDNF protein and TrkB gene expression levels was observed in the prefrontal cortex of the treatment groups.

    Conclusion

    We found that HEC ameliorated depression symptoms in rats and these effects were probably due to an increase in BDNF proteins and its receptor, TrkB, gene expressions in the prefrontal cortex.

    Keywords: Depression, Mood disorders, Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, Gene expression, Hydroalcoholic extract of Cinnamomum
نمایش عناوین بیشتر...
سامانه نویسندگان
  • دکتر محمد عبدی
    دکتر محمد عبدی
    پژوهشگر مراقبت های ویژه و اورژانس، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان، ، ایران
  • دکتر محمد عبدی سیدکلایی
    دکتر محمد عبدی سیدکلایی
    دانشیار گروه اقتصاد نظری-دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران
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