فهرست مطالب mohammad aligol

Milk and dairy products are important sources of food-borne pathogens. Non-pasteurized dairy products are popular due to home production, beliefs about their higher nutritional value, high accessibility, and taste.

This study aims to investigate the consumption pattern of local dairy products in women in Qom, Iran, in 2022, and determine the affecting factors.

In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2022, 319 women in Qom were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Their demographic information (age, educational level, employment status, and income) and consumption of local dairy products were surveyed. In addition, a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) with 32 items and 4 subscales (attitude towards nutrition, subjective norms, behavioral intention, and nutritional behavior) was completed. The data was analyzed in SPSS software using ANOVA, and Chi-square test.

Overall, the consumption rate of local milk was 82.3 %; yogurt, 85.1 %; cheese, 57.3%; cream, 53.7 %; butter, 42.3 %; and curd, 33.9 %. Regarding the daily consumption rate, the highest consumption rate was related to milk (13.9 %) and yogurt (11.8 %), and the lowest consumption was related to curd (3.1%) and cream (5.1 %). The type of dairy consumed was significantly related to behavioral intention and nutritional attitude (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the type of consumed dairy in terms of the husband's occupation (P=0.001), but there was no significant difference in terms of educational level, marital status, employment status, and relationship with the villagers (P>0.05).

The prevalence of local dairy products consumption, especially milk and yogurt, is high in women living in Qom. Their behavioral intention to consume healthy dairy products is at good level, but they do not have proper nutritional attitude and nutritional behavior. Therefore, the risk of developing common zoonotic diseases, including brucellosis and crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is high in Qom.

COVID-19 can spread from human to human primarily through respiratory secretions. In this regard, dental procedures can pose a high risk of COVID-19 transmission. This study aims to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of office employees in Qom, Iran regarding dental treatment during COVID-19 pandemic based on health belief model (HBM).

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 510 office employees in Qom Province. Data collection tools included a demographic form and a KAP questionnaire based on the HBM constructs.

The mean age of participants was 36.7±9.1 and 252(52%) were female. The practice variable had a statistically significant relationship with perceived susceptibility (P<0.001), perceived barriers (P<0.001), history of vaccination (P<0.001), and history of chronic diseases (P<0.001). Age had a significant relationship with perceived severity (P<0.001) and perceived benefits (P<0.001). Gender had a significant relationship only with perceived severity (P<0.001). Marital status had a significant relationship with knowledge (P<0.001), perceived severity (P<0.001) and perceived barriers (P=0.03). Educational level had a significant relationship with knowledge (P=0.01), perceived severity (P<0.001), perceived benefits (P<0.001), perceived barriers (P<0.001). History of vaccination had a significant relationship with knowledge (P<0.001), perceived susceptibility (P<0.001), perceived severity (P=0.02), and perceived benefits (P=0.02). History of chronic disease had a significant relationship with perceived susceptibility (P<0.001), perceived severity (P<0.001), perceived benefits (P<0.001), and perceived barriers (P<0.001).

knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and perceived barriers of office employees in Qom regarding dental treatment during COVID-19 pandemic are at moderate level. Their perceived susceptibility and severity have a positive relationship with visiting dental clinics.

Health literacy (HL) is one of the main determinants of health behaviors. It is influenced by various individual and social factors. Inadequate health literacy is generally prevalent though its levels may vary among people in different societies.

This study aimed to investigate the health literacy level of adult people in Qom, Iran.

This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2020 inQomto investigate the HL level among adult people. Due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the questionnaire was distributed using social media and small message service (SMS) to obtain the most heterogeneous sample possible. Then, a total of 488 individuals were recruited. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 and adopting a linear regression model to determine the factors influencing HL. P-values < 5% were considered statistically significant.

Results showed that inadequate, moderate, and adequate levels of HL among participants were 14.3%, 60.5%, and 25.2%, respectively. Gender and level of education were significantly associated with HL at a 95% confidence interval.

It was concluded that the majority of the study population enjoyed moderate and high HL levels. Due to the exclusion of illiterate individuals from this study, however, HL remained a challenge to adopting the health behaviors. Therefore, it was recommended that an effective training program should be developed and conducted to educate individuals with lower education levels and older people about HL.

In recent years, obesity has been increased in developing countries, especially among adolescents. Various measures have not been successful to prevent it. The present study aims to investigate the factors related to obesity prevention behaviors in female high school student in Qom, Iran based on the social cognitive theory (SCT).

This descriptive study was conducted on 104 high school girls who were randomly selected from two schools in Qom city. To collect data, a demographic form, the questionnaire based on the SCT constructs, fast food consumption questionnaire, unhealthy snack consumption questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire, and the international physical activity questionnaire-short form were used. Data analysis was done using analysis of variance and Pearson correlation test.

In terms of the SCT constructs, the mean score of awareness was 13.98 out of 24; the mean score of outcome expectations was 13.05 out of 20 (65.25%); the mean score of outcome evaluation was 47.27 out of 30 (91.56%); the mean score of observational learning was 26.08 out of 30 (55%); the mean score of reinforcement was 3.23 out of 25 (56.96%); the mean score of self-efficacy was 18.52 out of 25 (74.08%); and the mean score of self-control was 13.05 out of 25 (52.2%). The scores of the SCT constructs had a significant relationship with nutritional behaviors and physical activity. The results of analysis of variance showed that the mean scores of the constructs of outcome expectations, self-efficacy, and self-control were significantly related to the physical activity of students.

The SCT constructs can be good predictors for obesity prevention behaviors in female high school students. Planning and implementing interventions based on these constructs can be effective in improving their lifestyle and nutritional patterns.

 Irational use of antibiotics due to microbial resistance and imposing additional treatment costs on the patient is one of the concerns of the medical experts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of retraining course on prescribing antibiotics in general dentists of Qom province.

 In this Educational interventional study, the antibiotics prescribed by general dentists in Qom province included 22418 prescriptions in the form of medical insurance and social security in two intervention groups of 67 people (dentists participating in Retraining in February 2017) and control in two three-month periods (November, December and December 2018) and (May, June and July 2018) were investigated.

 The average number of prescriptions prescribed by each dentist in the intervention group before and after retraining was 62.73 and 72.92 respectively (P value = 0.043) and the amount of prescriptions increased after retraining. The average number of prescriptions in the control group before and after retraining was 96.88 and 100.06 respectively (P value = 0.57) and the prescribed prescriptions did not differ significantly from each other. The average number of prescriptions containing antibiotics prescribed by each dentist before retraining in the intervention and control groups were 62.73 ± 95.48 and 96.88 ± 134.56, respectively, and the number of prescription increased after retraining, but there was no significant difference with each other (P=0.09).

 The educational intervention was relatively unsuccessful in reaching its goals. Lack of sufficient motivation, lack of useful and effective teaching methods, lack of participation in discussions can be involved in these results.

Black myrobalan drug, known as “Imam Kazem drug” in Iran, is used by most of Iranian people to prevent and treat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to investigate the consumption pattern of black myrobalan by people in Qom, Iran and their attitudes towards it.

In this cross-sectional study, 1077 patients referred to health centers in Qom, Iran in 2021 participated. They completed a demographic form and a researcher-made questionnaire assessing the consumption pattern of black myrobalan and people’s attitudes towards this drug. Data were analyzed in SPSS v. 20 software using chi-square test, Fisher test, Spearman correlation test, and logistic regression analysis.

Out of 1018 patients who responded to the questionnaire, 660 (64.8%) were familiar with the drug and 491 (48.2%) had used the drug during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among them, 409 (83.2%) had used the drug for prevention and 166 (33.9%) for treatment of COVID-19. The attitude of participants towards this drug was positive in 515 patients (50.6%). The consumption pattern of black myrobalan was significantly correlated with occupation and attitude of people.  It was found out that 83 patients (16.9%) reported mild side effects following drug use.

A significant percentage of people in Qom city use black myrobalan, and have positive attitude towards it. This requires that its efficacy and side effects be investigated in clinical studies.

COVID-19 is rapidly expanding around the world and is one of the most important health problems. The purpose of the study was to determine preventive behaviors from COVID-19 and its determinants based on some constructs of the Health Belief Model.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2504 citizens of Rafsanjan in 2020 that were randomly selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a behavior and Health Belief Model constructs (HBMs) researcher-made questionnaire based on the Internet. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by ten specialists, and its reliability was assessed by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS 18 by applying statistical tests such as Pearsonchr('39')s correlation coefficient, independent t-test, One-Way ANOVA, and linear regression.

The means score of knowledge, attitude, perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and preventive behavior were 83.13±10.72, 81.17±8.55, 79.28±17.19, 74.47±14.65, 84.32±16.11, 69.27±14.31, and 87.35±11.16, respectively. There was a significant correlation between preventive behaviors with knowledge, attitude, and HBMs (p<0.001). The attitude was the strongest predictor for adopting preventive behaviors (B=0.446, p<0.001). In total, knowledge, attitude, and HBM constructs predicted 36.8% of the preventive behaviors for COVID-19.

There is a significant correlation between adopting preventive behaviors for COVID-19 with knowledge, attitude, and HBM constructs.

Preventive behaviors are indispensable to the reduction of the prevalence and severity of the complications of Covid-19 disease. Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of the individual are the explanatory variables contributing to the adoption of these health behaviors. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, attitude, and some factors associated with the preventive behaviors of Covid-19 in Qom.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 2423 cases who were selected by cluster sampling method in Qom in 2020. Data were collected using an online researcher-made questionnaire. This 44-item questionnaire encompassed the domains of COVID-19 related knowledge (20 items), COVID-19 perceived threat (5 items), attitude (6 items), and preventive measures (13 items).

The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, perceived threat, and preventive behaviors were obtained at 94.5%, 93.05%, 76.92%, and 88.42%, respectively. Preventive behaviors were significantly correlated with knowledge and attitude, and attitude was the strongest predictor of behavior (B= 0.362; P<0.001).

The obtained results pointed to the high level of COVID-19-related knowledge, perception, and preventive behaviors among the residents of Qom.

The duty of every healthcare system worldwide, is to address needs and problems associated with community health. The current study was performed aiming at identifying and prioritizing the most important needs of Jamkaran village in Qom province and providing applied and useful interventional suggestions in order to solve the problems of the village.

In a cross-sectional study, community assessment was performed in Jamkaran village in Qom province based on the North Carolina Model and according to MPH model developed by the Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The community assessment process was carried out in 8 stages in 6 different areas, including health, education and culture, economics and employment, social and civil rights, and security and urban services. Then, they were prioritized using the Scoring Matrix method.

In the village, 48 problems were identified in 6 areas, the most important of which, were in health (27%), urban services (25%), social and civil rights (20.83%), economics and employment (12.5%), education and culture (10.4%), and security area (4.17%) areas, respectively. The highest score of Matrix table was obtained to be in urban sanitation system (15 scores), shortage of park and green space (14 scores), unemployment (13 scores), non-communicable diseases (12 scores), and lack of public library (12 scores), respectively.

Jamkaran faces with a wide range of social, economic, cultural and health problems, but the most of the problems of the village was related to health area, which requires serious attention of the authorities in all areas.

Physical inactivity is one of the four major causes of death worldwide. Various studies have shown that physical activity in women, especially in suburban areas, is more than average, and community-based interventions can improve this situation. The objective of this study was to design, implement, and evaluate a community-based intervention to increase physical activity in adult women in a suburban area Qom city.
  A quasi-experimental study was conducted on adult women in two suburban areas Qom city. Sampling was performed using cluster sampling and 297 subjects were selected. The physical activity of women was assessed by the community-based health promotion program using an ecological framework.
  In this study, more than 50% of women had insufficient physical activity. Based on independent t-test results, there was a significant difference between the mean score of total physical activity between the two groups before and after the intervention; so that the mean of this difference in the intervention group was obtained 214.18±757.82 MET-minutes/week and in the control group -36.85±279.17 MET-minutes/week. This difference was significant for moderate physical activity and walking and was not significant for severe physical activity.
  Considering that in this study, community-based and multi-level intervention was performed, thus, it seems that the effect of a set of interventional factors, has been able to increase the level of physical activity in the intervention women.

Abdominal and general obesities are greatly affected by diet and physical activities. Prevalence of this complication in communities has an increasing trend, so that even adolescents are no exception in this regard. The current study aimed to investigate abdominal and general obesity and its related factors in’ students of Qom city.
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 301 (17 girls and 114 boys) students in medical and Azad universities in Qom city. These individuals were selected by proportional to size sampling method and studied by anthropometric measures, international short physical activity questionnaire, and 11-item nutritional habits questionnaire. Data were analyzed by independent t-, chi-square, and correlation coefficient tests. The significance level was considered to be α=0.05.
The mean BMI and WHR in students was 22.6±3.2kg/m2 and 0.8±0.0, respectively. A significant direct correlation was observed between anthropometric measures and abdominal obesity. Only 23.3% of the students had regular sport activity, so that the mean light physical activity in obese students was lower than normal students (38.9±43.1 vs. 60.8±67.5min). No heavy physical activity was seen in this group, and fast-food consumption was higher in this group of students compared to the normal students (93.2% vs. 67.8%).
According to the findings of this study, there is a significant relationship between nutritional status and level of physical activity and abdominal and general obesity. Therefore, overweight, abdominal, and general obesity were lower in male students, and subjects involved in regular physical activity and lower fast-food consumption.

this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention on the Trans-theoretical Model in the promotion of physical activity in older men. This study was a clinical trial on 140 elderly retired member of the Association of Qom، a random selection of properties in the control and intervention groups. Trans-theoretical Model model-based tools used questionnaires and physical activity questionnaire was aged Champs. To analyze the results of chi - square and analysis of variance with repeated data in SPSS version 18 is used. This study was approved by the site IRCT number IRCT201407208742N5. Before the intervention and control groups in terms of demographic variables and physical activity showed no significant difference (p<0/05). Average score for the elderly physical activity intervention group before training، after training for one month and six months after training were significantly different (p<0/001). The mean score on the questionnaire structure-based model of education in this group had no significant difference (p˂0/05). Control group، a significant difference in the mean score of physical activity questionnaire structures there. Based on the findings of research conducted on the Trans-theoretical Model in promoting physical activity intervention is effective and valid، and the Trans-theoretical Model can be useful in this context. With the application of this model and identify the barriers and facilitators of physical activity in the elderly can be effective steps taken to promote regular physical activity.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major complex public health problem. Different resources have proved that healthcare workers more than the general population are at a risk of infection. Therefore, medical field students, due to the future occupational hazards, are included in the risk group.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the level of knowledge, public and individual risk perception, and behavioral intention about HCV, among medical sciences students of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Settings and Design: This is a descriptive–analytical study that was conducted among 457 students of the Medical Sciences in the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

The data was collected using a questionnaire. Sampling was done randomly. Statistical Analysis Used: The data was analyzed using the SPSS18software and statistical tests of Pearson, Spearman, T- test, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA); P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Four hundred and fifty-seven students (41.8% male and 58.2% female) in 29 fields of study (six categories) participated in this research. The mean age was 21.55 ± 2.6 years. The mean and standard deviations of the students' knowledge was 3.71 ± 2.9 (out of 8), and the behavioral intention to accruing information and performance of preventive actions related to HCV was 11.52 ± 3.16 (out of 20). Public risk perception was 20.1 ± 3.5 (out of 30); and personal risk perception was 6.96 ± 1.8 (out of 10). The ANOVA test showed that public perception of the risk among students of different academic fields was different (F = 1.52, P < 0.05).

According to the low knowledge of students of Medical Sciences in the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences about HCV, it was recommended that the University Policymakers design an educational intervention about it, in order to minimize the chances of being infected.

Osteoporosis is a public health problem that affects millions of people worldwide and the growing risk of fracture increases. Increased physical activity is one of the recommendations of World Health Organization for prevention of osteoporosis. This study assesses the determinants of physical activity in prevention of osteoporosis among students, based on health belief model. Students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences participate in this descriptive-analytical study. The total number of participants in this study was 239 students who were studied with informed consent and voluntary. Instrument for data collection, was a valid and reliable questionnaire (including 9 demographic characteristics questions, 24 questions in health belief model constructs and the 13 question measured the physical activity. Data were analyzed SPSS version 18 Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Mean degree of physical activity was 223.59±226.41 minutes per week. Between mean degree of physical activity and perceived susceptibility to osteoporosis and perceived barriers of physical activity, there was a significant relationship (P<0.05). In this study there was no significant relationship between physical activity and other constructs of HBM (P>0.05). According to multiple regression analysis, perceived barriers was the strongest predictor for physical activity (Beta=0.032, P<0.001). Based on results of this study, it seems that there are some other factors that contribute to student's physical activity; we recommend future studies with a holistic view to identify other determinants of physical activity.

Family physician program is a health care provision program. Assessment of the beneficieries’ willingness to participate in family physician program, using appropriate models could help its better implementation. This study was conducted to assess the private sector general Physicians’ willingness to participate in family physician program using Diffusion of Innovation Model. This descriptive analytical study was carried out on 89 general physicians who possessed clinic and worked for private sector. The samples were selected through simple random method, and the data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed using t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. In this study, the overall level of willingness to participate in family physician program was reported to be 53.3 (Willingness score was calculated out of 100), which this level was reported 48 for relative advantages construct, 54.4 for compatibility, 27.9 for complexity, 28.7 for trainability, and 60 for visibility. According to the results of this research, it seems that general physicians family physicians as the main body of family physician program, has a moderate willingness to participate in this program. Therefore, planning for disambiguation and more adaptation of the program to the needs and demands of general physicians is necessary to ensure its successful implementation.