فهرست مطالب mohammad amin farahmand fard

 Agricultural pesticide poisoning is a common and serious occupational hazard for farmers in developing countries.

 In this study, we try to explain the pattern of agricultural pesticide use and its hazards in Iran.

 In this qualitative study, purposeful sampling was performed, and 8 farmers and 2 agriculture engineers participated.

 Information collected about pesticide use in Iran was categorized into 4 themes. First, “no supervision for the use and distribution of pesticides”. Second, “farmers” knowledge is inadequate about the hazards of pesticides, and no organization is responsible for educating them”. Third, “safety instructions are not obeyed, and the hazardous effects of pesticides are frequently observed among farmers”. Fourth, “the use of pesticides is irrationally high in Iran”.

 Serious action should be taken to prevent pesticide human health hazards in Iran, including comprehensive training programs about proper preparation, storage, and use of agricultural pesticides for farmers and pesticide retailers. Also, it is necessary to continuously supervise pesticide sales, distribution, and use in the country.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between air pollution and epilepsy admission in Kerman, Iran.

In this ecological study, the concentrations of ambient air pollutants and meteorological data were obtained from Kerman Environmental Protection Agency and Kerman Meteorology Organization, respectively. Additionally, epilepsy admission data were obtained from Kerman’s Shafa hospital epilepsy registry. Generalized additive models with lags up to 7 days were used to estimate rate ratios (RRs).

Within 2008 to 2020, 894 epilepsy admissions occurred in Kerman, 498 cases (55.7%) of whom were male. The strongest relationships of epilepsy admission were observed in the over 59-year group for carbon monoxide (CO) in lag 0 (RR = 2.1455, 95% CI: 1.5823 - 2.9091), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in lag 0 (RR = 1.0409, 95% CI: 1.0282 - 1.0537), and particulate matter under 2.5 microns (PM2.5) in lag 5 (RR = 1.0157, 95% CI: 1.0062 - 1.0252). There were also significant associations for particulate matter under 10 microns (PM10) in the under 18-year group in lag 2 (RR = 1.0064, 95% CI: 1.0029 - 1.0098), ozone in lag 0 (RR = 0.9671, 95% CI: 0.9581 - 0.9761), and sulfur dioxide in lag 5 (RR = 0.9937, 95% CI: 0.9891 - 0.9983).

Exposure to CO, NO2, PM2.5, or PM10 air pollutants might be the risk factor for epilepsy admission in Kerman. Epilepsy patients had better stay away from exposure to polluted air. Staying at home on polluted days or residing in areas with less air pollution might be an option.

HIV is increasingly spreading such that its prevalence has reached 5% in high-risk groups. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitude level of marriage candidates attending pre-marriage counseling classes about AIDS in Jahrom, Iran.
Material and This cross-sectional study recruited marriage candidates (n=367), attending pre-marriage counseling classes about AIDS in Jahrom in 2017. Data were collected by a standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 18 using descriptive and Chi-square tests.
Overall, 49% (180) and 51% (187) of subjects were female and male, respectively. The level of knowledge about AIDS in 10.4%, 27.5%, 28.6% and 33.5% of volunteers was poor, medium, good and excellent, respectively. There was a significant relationship between education level, place of residence, age group and occupation and level of knowledge (P=0.0001). The level of attitude toward AIDS in 2.2%, 12%, 21.3% and 64.6% of volunteers was poor, medium, good and excellent, respectively. A significant relationship was observed between attitude and place of residence and education level (P=0.0001). Television (34.6%) and health centers (25.1%) were the main sources of information.
The participants’ level of knowledge and attitude was generally good. It is recommended that training be provided, especially for villagers to make them more aware of transmission ways and prevention means of AIDS.

Allergic rhinitis and asthma can be related to occupation. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between asthma or allergic rhinitis and employment in the palm tree gardens of Jahrom, Iran.
This was a cross-sectional study including 50 palm tree garden workers and a control group of 50 office employees. Data collection included demographics, as well as standard International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) and A New Symptom-Based Questionnaire for Predicting the Presence of Asthma (ASQ) questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS22. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, and logistics regression were used to analyze data.
The correlation between asthma and occupation was significant ( P=0.046); and asthma prevalence was higher in palm tree garden workers. However, no relationship was observed between age, duration of employment, smoking cigarettes, hookah, or opium addiction with asthma. Furthermore, in this study, no significant relation was observed between the prevalence of asthma and contact with dust, contact with pets’ skin and hair, family history of asthma, or the use of perfume and air freshener. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis (including sneezing, runny nose, and blocked nose) were significantly greater in palm tree garden workers (P=0.038). These symptoms in both workers and office employees were higher in spring.
In our study, allergic rhinitis and asthma were more common in palm tree garden workers than in the general population. According to our study, people working in this occupation should take necessary precautions.