فهرست مطالب mohammad amin khorasani

It seems that by introducing the resilience approach to the activities of the disaster management cycle, a comprehensive approach to drought management can be achieved. In this regard, the intended research seeks to explain the process relationships of disaster management, emphasizing the resilience approach based on community capital. This research has been conducted in the form of a focal correlation survey. The focal correlation analysis method was used to investigate the relationship between the set or dimensions of community capital with the set or dimensions of the disaster management cycle using spss22 software. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was 494 rural residents randomly selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The results obtained from the research showed that out of the 3 centers identified, the first one with an eigenvalue of 0.92 explains the most about the model; the value of the coefficient of determination calculated at 0.48 indicates that 48% of the total variance of the community is accounted for by the center. Human capital is the most effective factor in the preparation stage. In the stage of financial capital reduction, it has the most impact on the resilience of society. In the recovery phase, which refers to the post-drought period, the findings showed that cultural capital plays the most important role.

The Managing and Protection of intangible cultural heritage is done through the process of “identifying, evaluating, documenting and recording, raising awareness, reviving, promoting and transmitting aspects of heritage in all its manifestations.” Considering the richness of Iran in terms of the existence of intangible heritage, the purpose of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of the protection of intangible cultural heritage in Iran. By examining the relevant documents and extracting information from them, a database of geographical locations of intangible heritage in Iran was formed, and the spatial distribution of intangible heritage was analyzed through the GIS. Findings indicate that a total of 1065 intangible heritage has been registered in Iran and the highest number recorded was related to “skills in handicrafts and traditional arts” and the lowest was related to “traditions and oral manifestations including language (heritage media).” Also, Semnan province, with 66 registered heritages (7%), had the highest number, and Qom province, with 14 heritages (1.4%), had the lowest number of registrations. In addition, in the intangible heritage type of “knowledge and behaviors related to nature and the universe,” there are three provinces. In the heritage type of “traditions and oral manifestations including language (heritage media),” there are 12 provinces that have not registered any related heritage.It can be concluded that the spatial distribution of intangible heritage in Iran was unbalanced, so managing and protecting intangible heritage is not a priority for policymakers in this area, and their approach is passive. Finally, theoretical and practical suggestions were presented based on the findings and results

Galin is one of the mountainous villages registered in Sanandaj township in Horaman/Uramanat national and world landscape where has unique natural and human potentials. We aimed at an anthropological study on Galin village in the period of winter 1398 to late 1399. This study is qualitative descriptive with monographic approach Based on the lived experience of the researcher in the field, observations, interviews and photography as the techniques of data gathering. The study population includes all people living in Galin village. In describing the features with this approach and in order to fully understanding the village, an attempt has been made to consider to all historical, cultural, social, economic and environmental levels. Finally, suggestions have been made to such as: more research on the historical aspects of the village, the role of women in daily life, the use of elites and educated youth and the importance of agricultural tourism, especially Hawar tourism in the development of the village.

Branding a tourism destination has many benefits for that destination; But it should be noted that branding is not the end of the road and you should always measure its strength, that is strengthened and weakened by the brand equity;Purpose of research: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and prioritize the factors affecting the brand equity of Qalat village;

Data collection was done by library and survey and the statistical population of the study was tourists of Qalat village. The statistical sample was determined using Cochran's formula and the sampling was random; Finally, the collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method and in Smart-PLS software;Geographical area of research: The geographical area of this research is Qalat village in Shiraz city;

Findings showed that all dimensions of image, awareness, perceived quality and brand loyalty have a positive and significant effect on the brand equity of Qalat village; Most important component is brand awareness and brand loyalty, perceived brand quality and brand image are after awareness.

Due to the high impact of Qalat village brand awareness on the brand equity of the village brand, the emphasis of the village's tourism staff on strengthening information, introducing unknown village attractions and discovering prominent elements of the village, (which has the capacity to become a symbol of village tourism) is necessary; Qalat village has potential and actual attractions in various cultural, social and natural fields, which, if properly managed, will promote the brand and sustainability of tourism in this village. Qalat village has potential and actual attractions in various cultural, social and natural fields, which, if properly managed, will promote the brand and sustainability of tourism in this village.

The purpose of this study is to identify the drivers that will affect the sustainable development of rural tourism in Urmia city in the future.

In this regard, the research method is descriptive-analytical with a heuristic approach to futures research. For this purpose and first of all, the drivers were identified using the Delphi technique through the presence of 20 specialists and experts who were purposefully selected; and then, using Mick Mac software, the relationships and how they work and their effectiveness were identified.

From 42 factors, 36 factors were considered in the end, which according to the high impact score and direct impact, finally 12 factors (income from tourism, competitiveness, employment in tourism, investment in Tourism, diversity of tourism opportunities, awareness of local community and tourists, sense of tourist confidence, increasing the culture of tourism, land use change due to tourism, tourism spaces, infrastructure, welfare services) as the output of Mick Mac in the future development of sustainable rural tourism of Urmia are influential.

As a result, it is hoped that by recognizing the capabilities and limitations, planning for tourism in the villages of Urmia will take a better course.

The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the key effective drivers in the brand of Slow tourism in the village of Javaherdeh. The present study is exploratory-explanatory in terms of purpose and qualitative-quantitative in terms of method, based on the opinions of 30 experts who were selected by snowball and judgment method. In the qualitative method, the initial model was designed using MAXQDA software and the relationships between the drivers were explained, prioritized and evaluated with MICMAC software. The results indicate that the 49 identified key drivers can be divided into three categories of components: Slow tourism product, Slow tourism process, and Slow tourism program. In this regard, the drivers of environmental quality, landscape, and natural attractions in or around, clean and favorable climate, Slow tourism education, receptive and dynamic public spaces, attracting positive feedback about Slow brand (attitude), destination personality, having a unique story and motivation to use the Slow tourism brand, are the most effective drivers in creating the Slow tourism brand of Javaherdeh village.

The relationship between rural livability and the sustainability of basic production resources is an issue that has not been seriously considered so far. Of course, due to the crisis of natural resources and the environment and the unsustainability of rural settlements, it is becoming increasingly important. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of soil protection and watershed management activities on rural livability in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province. The statistical population included the residents of the studied villages and the sample size was 143 people. This research is applied in terms of purpose and based on the research strategy, it is a survey type and a questionnaire tool has been used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire obtained using content validity and its reliability obtained through Cronbach's alpha. SPSS18 software used for data analysis. Findings showed that the livability level of villages with watershed management and soil protection was significantly different from the viability level of villages without these plans. In other words, it can be concluded that watershed management projects can improve living conditions in rural areas and, of course, in the long run, increase the level of satisfaction with life and activity in rural areas. It is suggested that in order to improve the livability of mountain villages, special attention should be paid to watershed management measures so that the sustainable use of natural resources and mountain products is considered as the main livelihood strategy by rural households.

Quality of life findings can be used to identify past strategy policies and design future policies. As such, the issue of quality of urban and rural life in recent decades has become one of the most important issues in Iran, so  numerous seminars, conferences, and articles have been held and written to examine the quality of life. In recent years, experts have tried to look at this issue in Iran from a scientific point of view. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the scientific research articles written on the quality of rural life in Iran during the years 2011 to 2019. The results of the study show that in terms of the gender status of the authors during the 9 years studied, out of 271 authors, 210 (77%) of them were men while 61 of them were women. Regarding the expertise of the authors, which was divided into 9 categories, the most specialized field was rural planning with 61.62% and urban planning with 9.23% while other fields had a small share. The organizational affiliation of  authors was classified into six groups including State Universities, the Islamic Azad University, Payame Noor University,  non-profit organizations, government institutions, and other institutions. Government institutions with a frequency of 233 (85.98%) had the highest level of organizational dependence suggesting a significant gap between the state universities and other institutions. Also, the number of authors and their articles showed that the highest number of authors (79.29%) have been co-outhors of one  article. In other words, about three-quarters of the authors were present in only one article, which indicated the relatively low diversity of names in the published articles. To determine thematic trends and prevent dispersion, the topics presented in 20 categories were classified as follows. One of the most important topics for writers in the field of rural studies was the evaluation of the quality of life and its indicators with the frequency of 31 (32.63%) with the highest frequency among other topics. Other topics of interest to authors included dimensions, components, and levels of quality of life and the effects of the master plan on quality of life (5.26%); social dimensions of quality of life (7.37%), the spatial distribution of quality of life, the role of credits and targeted subsidies on quality of life, employment, income, and quality of life and tourism and quality of life (6.32%); factors affecting the quality of life and quality of life and housing (4.21%); satisfaction with the quality of life and the role of small towns and industrial towns on quality of life 3.16%; and agriculture and the quality of life (2.11%). Other thematic trends (1.05%), recived the least attention. Also, in the field of distribution of provinces studied by the authors, Kermanshah and Khorasan Razavi provinces with 10 articles were in the first rank,Fars province with 9 articles in the second rank, and Zanjan province with 8 articles in the third rank. Golestan, Sistan and Baluchestan, and Kurdistan were in the fourth rank with 7 articles, and Lorestan and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces were in the fifth place with 5 articles and other provinces were in the next positions. The results suggest that the discussion of rural studies, which has been less discussed so far, is important and should be given more attention to provide other researchers with such studies to provide a context for the development of villages. Keywords: Quality of Life, Quality of Rural Life, Scientific Research Article, Content Analysis. 

The idea of ​​resilience is an accepted positive trait that contributes widely to sustainability. Definitions of urban resilience focus mainly on sustainability. Urban resilience and sustainability have emerged in recent years as an important paradigm for understanding the threats to humanity and the environment. From the perspective of environmental management, socio-environmental system approaches use interdisciplinary research to evaluate and enhance the sustainability of social and environmental systems. Criteria for assessing urban resilience in regions are divided into several main issues that cover the environmental, economic, social and institutional dimensions of sustainability.

This research is of applied type and can help in making decisions and improving urban growth management in the form of urban resilience approach. In this research, quantitative research method has been used. In order to achieve its goals, it is done by descriptive and analytical methods and the growth pattern of the city of Babol in recent decades was analyzed and analyzed with environmental resilience indicators. The method of data collection is both library and field. Library studies include the use of document sources, as well as books, dissertations, journals and articles, statistics, and research in this field. For this research, the method of interpreting satellite images and aerial photographs has been used. A combination of aerial and satellite images has been used to study and understand the growth of the city. The Holdern method is one of the basic methods for determining the urban sprawl. In this way, it is possible to determine how much of the urban growth has been due to population growth and how much has been due to unstable urban growth.
 

The phenomenon of urban creep causes access to fertile agricultural lands around and around the city. With the destruction and analysis of the natural environment, the rural identity of these areas is destroyed. In the studies performed in the urban constructions of Babolrud area, the area of ​​the river area has been used based on the specified area of ​​the area prepared by the municipality. A number of urban blocks are completely or partially located in the river. According to the 2016 census, there are 10,478 people living in these blocks, who are at risk of flooding and flooding of houses during heavy rains. The map obtained from the satellite images of 1986 shows that the city of Babol and the city of Amirkola were physically connected to each other. The phenomenon of urban creep causes access to fertile agricultural lands around and around the city. With the destruction and analysis of the natural environment, the rural identity of these areas is destroyed. In the studies carried out in the urban constructions of Babolrud area, the area of ​​the river area has been used based on the specified area of ​​the map prepared by the municipality and a number of urban blocks are completely or partially in the area of ​​the river. According to the 2016 census, there are 10,478 people living in these blocks, who are at risk of flooding and flooding of houses during heavy rains. The map obtained from the satellite images of 1986 shows that the city of Babol and the city of Amirkola were physically connected to each other. The study of the city land use map shows that the residential lands with an area of ​​941.25 hectares constitutes the most land use within the city of Babel. Urban green space covers 898.65 hectares of the city limits, which include public green spaces, agricultural land and inner city gardens. The results of the Holdern model for the city of Babel in Table 3 show that between 1958 and 1987 about 66% of the physical growth of the city was related to population growth and 34% of the city growth was related to the horizontal distribution of the city. The obtained results related to the years 1365 to 1375 show that in this period, the growth of the city of Babel was 1.11 percent related to population growth and -0.11 percent was related to the physical growth of the city. The results of the study of the landscape pattern show the expansion of the main core of the city and the integration of the spots with the surrounding spots and the main core of the city and their inclusion. Examination of the marginal spots and their density shows that they have grown over the years and joined the core of the city.

According to the results obtained from the urban area of ​​Babol, the increase of urban lands from 1958 to 2018 shows 12.63 times the increase of these lands. The city of Babol is one of the major cities in the northern region of the country, which is topographically located in a flat plain and in direct contact with fertile agricultural lands and water areas. There are also weaknesses in terms of paying attention to the river area and observing it, so that about 10,000 people live in building blocks, all or part of which are located in the area, which indicates a decrease in light. The city is prosperous in terms of environmental issues. Due to the widespread problems in cities, the effect of the horizontal distribution of the city of agricultural lands around the city and the conversion of these lands into urban levels has been determined that about 2635 hectares from 1958 to 2018 of arable land has been converted into a city and this The trend continues This part of our results is the study of Karimi Firoozjaee et al. (2018) are straightforward. The results obtained from the Holdern equation show that during the 3 decades 1958 to 1988 the unstable growth of the city was more due to the horizontal distribution of Babol, but in the 3 decades 1986 to 2018 most of the physical growth of the city was due to population growth and urban distribution trend This part of the results is in line with the results of the study of Alavi et al. (2017), which indicates a decrease in gross density and the annexation of peripheral areas to the city of Babol. From 1958 to 2016, 16 villages were merged and annexed to the city of Babol, and these villages are now part of the neighborhoods of this city. In fact, it can be said that the continuous texture built around the city consists of residential centers, streets, green space, etc. Agricultural lands have occurred with the merger and annexation of the surrounding villages, and the scattering of the city has occurred in a connected manner along the axes and separately with the change of agricultural land use in the surrounding rural areas.

Having a good quality of life is always a human desire. Quality of life in rural areas depends on many factors such as employment, adequate income, access to services such as education and health, health and social security. So that, factors such as low density of rural settlements, reduced employment and income in the agricultural sector, inadequate and inefficient communication routes and transportation networks have complicated the implementation of policies necessary to improve the quality of rural life. With this view, the purpose of this study is comparing the indicators of life quality before settlement and presence in the nomadic environment and after settlement in Azadegan village after the flood. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, based on library-field studies (questionnaire) and searching Internet sites that, in order to analyze the data, the t-test of SPSS software was used. The findings show that the quality of life indicators before and after settlement in Azadegan village with a significant level of less than 0.05% had no positive effects in Azadegan village. Also, the results showed that the components of employment and income in Azadegan village located in Jiroft city did not have a positive effect on job creation for the villagers; that the amount of income with the retention of occupational groups in Azadegan village with a significant level was more than 99%.

Production of Turkmen handmade carpet is one of the important activities outside farms and it is the source of income for lots of rural families. The objective of this survey is to do an analysis of the effect of handmade carpet production on the improvement of the sustainable livelihood of rural families in Aq Qala. This is an applied survey that uses descriptive-analytical method. Its statistical population is the families residing in 10 villages around the city of Aq Qala. The sample size was selected by Cochrane’s formula and includes 367 families with women working in the production of handmade carpets. In order to study economic and social indexes, 33 variables were used in the form of Likert’s scale. Data collection tools were researcher-made questionnaires whose content validity was approved by university professors; their reliability for economic variables was obtained 82% and for social variables 91%. In order to analyze the data, Chi-square correlation analysis, and Freidman and Kruskal Wallis mean value comparison were used in SPSS software, and for preparing a map, ArcGIS software was used. The results achieved from correlation analysis of the studied factors show that there is a 99% significant relationship between the level of education and economic and social factors. Also, Kruskal Wallis test results show no special difference between the studied villages except the increase of saving, and the effect of handmade carpet production is equal in all villages. The most important challenges are the unpredictability of raw material prices, problems related to financial support, production and sometimes the supply of non-standard products.

Statement of the problemPoverty in rural areas has been shaped by economic, social, political, cultural, and historical factors and ultimately by rural underdevelopment. Thus, there is a close link between poverty and rural life as more than three quarters of the poor live in rural areas. Measuring and identifying poverty is an essential component of knowledge for formulating programs and policies for poverty alleviation in society. PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explain the rural poverty situation in Kouhdasht County, to identify the spatial distribution of rural poverty in Kouhdasht Count.MethodologyThe present research is exploratory and question-oriented. Also, this research is applied based on descriptive-analytical method. Data collection tools were library and field studies (questionnaire, observation). The statistical population includes the villages of Kouhdasht County. The sample of 26 villages with appropriate spatial distribution across all districts selected. The selected stratified random sampling method used to select the villages. Data collection tools were library and field studies (questionnaire, observation). Results and InoovationOne-sample t-test used to compare poverty indices. For this comparison a spectrum with 5 states (intervals 1 to 5) is used, so the average mean for evaluating the indices is 3. All indicators except the political index have a high level of significance. Also, considering that the mean of 3 is considered as demographic and equity indices with mean higher than 3, it indicates the desirable status of these indices compared to other indices and the t-statistic of each is respectively. The values are 6.99 and 2.20, and the lowest mean is related to environmental and education indices, which indicate an unfavorable situation with t-values of -13.98 and -8.04.

Like developing countries, our country faces the problem of poverty and the spread of this phenomenon in rural areas and is one of the most important problems in rural areas. Measuring and identifying poverty is an integral part of the knowledge needed to formulate programs and policies for poverty alleviation in society and can be a powerful tool for policymakers' attention to the living conditions of the poor. The purpose of this study is to investigate and explain the rural poverty situation in Kouhdasht county. 2- Identify the spatial distribution of rural poverty in Kouhdasht county. The present research is an exploratory and question-oriented one. It is also an applied research based on descriptive-analytical method. Data collection tools were library and field studies (questionnaire, observation). The statistical population includes the villages of Kouhdasht county. To determine the sample of 26 villages an appropriate spatial distribution across all districts were selected. In summing up the results of this study, it can be said that the most important factors affecting rural poverty and its spatial distribution in Kouhdasht county related to income and facilities indices, education, environmental index, service-physical index, food costs, Side jobs and employmen,.respectively. In demographic indices, equality is above 3 which indicates favorable status of these indices compared to other indices and t values of 6.99 and 2.20 respectively and the lowest mean is related to index. Environmental and training indicators that indicate their undesirable status with t-values of -13.98 and -8.04.

Compatibility with sustainable environment based on ecovillage model in rural communities around the wetland's ecosystems. Case study: the zerivar wetlands surrounding villages. Sustainable livelihood and conserve resources for the next generation. The aim of this study is to assess the compatibility of environment sustainability of indicators based on ecovillage model near the villages around the zerivar wetland's ecosystem. The statistical population of this research includes 1539 households and by using Cochran's test, 255 sample were selected. In field studies to collect the required data it has been prepared and completed a questionnaire among the villages were interviewed and along with, it's the most important part of the field studies. The questions of the questionnaire includes closed questions. The likert scale was used in the designing of the questions. The validity of the test by cronbach's alpha was 0.71 percent. Based on their distance of the lake (up to 3 km Zerivar Lake) the villages were selected. And also it has been interviewed with the subject persons to complete the evidences. It has been used the chi_square and kruskal Wallis test in the SPSS software for analysis the data. The data shows that social _ cultural indicators have the largest part of the sustainability of the rural communities Based on ecovillage and ecosystem in the villages around the zerivar wetland. On the second level economic indicators have the most important part in the sustainability of rural communities based on wetland ecosystems and in the villages around the zerivar wetland.

Today tourism is an inseparable pillar in human life and by technology development, flextime and teleworking decreasing, necessity to travel increased in conclusion Recreation tourism is one of the most low-cost kinds and also recreation tourism(daily)is divided to agronomy tourism, urban tourism, rural tourism and etc. that people can enjoy it in a daily trip. The region we survey in this research is "Shahriar" that has a close confederacy with its villages, and in addition there are many gardens inside the town. So we can have a confederate region of urban, rural and agronomy tourism with each other And use the mixture of these three kinds of tourism to develop the region in tourism filed for increasing people's economy, social, welfery situation, to blockage destroying gardens, and capable agronomy fileds. Because this research wants to find the solutions for boom the recreation tourism just describes the things that are found in documents, resources and questionnaires. The present study is categorized in descriptive survey research type, and is analyzed via excel, Arc Gis software programs and SWOT and PESTEL models. The surveys and results indicate that Shahriar county has tourist attraction potentiality, and the best strategy with the score of 2/541from the internal factors and 2/530 from the external ones, is categorized in offensive strategy. Given the benefits Given the strengthening points, we can highly benefit from the opportunities.

This study adopts a pathological approach to aim at tourism research in the Rural Research Quarterly. It is a qualitative study in terms of nature and an applied one in terms of purpose. The research was conducted through the content analysis of 38 articles in the Quarterly Journal of Rural Studies. Initially, previous studies were reviewed and an integrated model was developed to determine the content analysis indicators. Then, the selected sample of articles written in the field of tourism was evaluated. The macro dimensions of the model in content analysis included identity, structure, function and citation. The validity and the reliability of the study were confirmed based on the validity of the check list and reliability of the editors. Two different software packages, iMindMap9 and SPSS25, were used in the analysis process. The causes of deviation and the challenges of tourism research were identified, and the results were reported according to the dimensions of the content analysis model. Finally, certain solutions were proposed on the basis of the findings.

The study of inequality and its features in different geographic areas has attracted planners and politicians in recent years. In the process of planning and development of rural areas, recognizing these areas in terms of status and developmental level, Study of local and regional differences in development, Explaining the factors affecting development, and ultimately trying to solve problems and meet the needs for adjusting existing inequalities It is of special importance. In this regard, indicators can reflect the various economic and social dimensions of rural areas and collecting the data and data around them makes it possible to pinpoint the development of the case in a variety of fields. The purpose of this paper is to measure different levels of development in rural areas of Kohdasht. The research method is applied and analytically descriptive methodology. To do this research, the library and documentary methods as well as the statistics and information published by the Statistics Center of the country have been used. Data and data collected using numerical taxonomy have been evaluated. To perform data analysis of Excel software ArcGIS software is also used to display the spatial distribution of villages. The results of the research show that the rural districts of East Rumeshkan with a coefficient of 37, flower gills with a coefficient of 50 and West Rumeshkan with a coefficient of 52 are respectively at the highest level of development.

In this research, we aimed to identify the pattern of cooperative relations among the Pistachio producers in Damankuh rural district in Damghan. The social capital among the producers was also evaluated. In this paper, the cooperative relations and the social capital among the Pistachio producers in Mehmandoost, Zarrinabad and Hoseinabad Doolab, which are located in Damankooh in Damghan, were studied by applying social network analysis method. Thus, 66 people from Mehmandoost, 70 producers from Zarrinabad, and 74 farmers from Hosseinabad Dulab were studied. The relations which were studied included cooperation in exchanging farming tools, irrigation of Pistachio orchards, marketing and pest control. For analyzing these relations, we used network- level indicators of social network analysis including density, centralization, reciprocity, transitivity and Geodesic distance. These indicators were analyzed in the UCINET software. Results showed that the network macro-level indicators including density, centralization, reciprocity, transitivity and geodesic distance in studied villages were very low. This has caused problems for producers to cooperate with each other and threatens the stability of producers network and indicates cooperation among pistachio producers requires tremendous investment of both time and cost. Problems like accessing farmers, distributing questionnaires among them and the long time needed in order to interview them were among the challenges faced in this research. In order to increase cooperation among the producers and social capital in their network it is suggested that farmers be instructed and informed by holding cooperative workshops, handling their problems in irrigation and pest control, running local cooperatives for supporting the farmers in the crop prices and paying attention to their demands. Given the importance of the studied area in the production of Pistachio, paying attention to cooperation and social capital among producers, can be a big step in using the fertility (potentiality) of this region to develop and improve the Pistachio production.

Iran is prone to disasters and it ranks as one of the most disaster prone country in the world with floods, drought and earthquakes being the most frequent natural disasters. Rural areas with unconventional structures and structure-weak have high vulnerability to natural disasters. This is necessary for displacement and resettlement for villages against natural disasters such as floods, earth-quakes, landslides. Although exact statistics of vulnerable villages in countries is not provided, we can say with confidence that a considerable percentage of rural areas are at a high risk and should be staggered. Resettlement policy is one of the policies in the planning of rural settlements raised for rural development and provides optimal distribution of services to the villagers. In general, rural resettlement more after natural disasters in rural areas could help to solve the problems of rural people. Resettlement of rural people, although in times of crisis is essential, but must be tailored to local and socio-economic conditions and being implemented in form of projects. The overall objective of the rural resettlement is to pave the way for the establishment of villages located in high-risk zones and villages that for various reasons should be displace in order to improve the livelihoods and well-being of residents in different aspects. Accordingly, it is necessary for resettlement and optimal geographical location of villages to be based on comprehensive methods and in accordance with the environmental characteristics. Weber believes that the most important outcome of resettlement of rural settlements is in economic aspect and displacement causes the country's economic transformation and betterment in the economic situation of residents. Comparing the pattern of limited displacement and displacement combined with the integration of villages in the study area, showed that each of the studied patterns have advantages and disadvantages. Four patterns are, the pattern of continuous development, the pattern of movement and, assembly and integration pattern for the reconstruction of villages damaged or destroyed by natural disasters should be adopted. Heavy rainfalls in August 2005 in the eastern regions of Golestan province, lead to the occurrence of two devastating floods were included in amongst the most devastating floods occurred in the country. In order to prevent a recurrence flood consequences in these regions limited movement of 3 villages and movement accompanied with merge of 11 villages damaged in recent flood of Gorganrood to Faraghi region have been done.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of floods in these villages on livability by considering psychological indices. Livability is an overall concept which is connected with a number of concepts such as sustainability, quality of life, quality of place, and healthy communities. Livability often used to define various aspects of a community and common experiences that shaped it. Livability focuses on the human cognition of space and put them in a specific time and place form. So, Eight realm of employment and, income, housing, public education, participation and social cohesion and continuity, sense of belonging to place, personal and social security, quantity of green spaces, quality of landscape in the study area were selected for the study. In livable villages there is ground for cooperation, participation in decision making and decision taking. Also standard facilities and services has been provided for living in these villages. Livable rural settlements which have decent living conditions could be provided to creating hope and vitality among its residents. Livability patterns vary from one area to another and may be different from one point to another, because now after decades many villages suffer from the risks. The sample of the study are local families residing in villages using Cochran formula sample size was determined by 118 of heads of household. To compare two limited movement and aggregation patterns, the “Independent t test“ was used. Surveys indicate the average situation of livability in most of the parameters studied in both models of displacement and aggregation. In the aggregate pattern, social indices perform better than the pattern of displacement, while the success rate of displacement in the environmental index is better than the aggregate pattern. The results show that in the aggregation pattern, in three dimensions of livability, the highest score is for the social dimension. But the economic dimension and finally environmental dimension have the lowest scores. In Limited movement pattern, among the three dimensions of livability, the highest score is for the environmental dimension. But after the environmental, is the social aspect following by the economic aspect is at the end. The results indicate that there is no significant difference between the patterns of resettlement. Regardless of the choice of a model for resettlement, attention to environmental conditions at the new location to get working and living conditions of people in a residence habitable have utmost importance and planners should to provide a good quality of living in the settlement of the new settlement with any pattern of resettlement.

Nowadays, crime is one of the core problems faced by human society, especially in cities. The problem that human with all the improvements and his abilities has failed to control it up to now. Criminologist often have been considered several factors in criminology theory for instance environment and environmental characteristics that played a crucial role and always considered as one of the paramount factors which in turn can cause criminal impetus, motivation in urban spaces.
Research method that was employed for this paper is descriptive – analytical. For this purpose, two groups of objective factors and subjective are used. Data were obtained from questionnaires distributed to randomly selected sample of 384 respondents (by using Cochran formula). Additionaly, the interview technique was applied to gather data from residents.
The last step of the analysis relates to identifying the underlying factors which affect the extent of environmental safety. These factors are evaluated through the use of other criteria such as the expanse of migration and level of economic hardship and poverty. For this purpose linear regression was used. Furthermore, the results of this study reveal that these factors are directly related to environmental safety and crime. Facor analysis indicates that 4 factors are effective facors in project’s success.
1. Physical: The body of more than 23% of the total variance defines by physical factors, indicates that physical factors affect the extent of crime in the project.

This research aims to perform strategic planning of tourism development in Kandovan village using SOAR model. This model is a combination of SWOT strategy and Appreciative Inquiry (AI) introduced by Jacqueline M. Stavros. AI, instead of focusing on problems such as weaknesses and threats, identifies strengths and creates promising opportunities.

In this study, library and semi-structured interview methods have been used. The present study is a qualitative research in terms of nature and method of data collection. The statistical population of this research includes villagers of Kandovan, government officials, and NGO’s related to Kandovan village, in Osku County, near Tabriz metropolis, and tourists visiting the Kandovan village in the summer of 2016. In this research, the qualitative content analysis technique was used in the framework of inductive approach in accordance with the SOAR strategic planning model. Then, four SOAR strategic model indicators, i.e. strengths, opportunities, aspirations and results were extracted.

The results of the research indicate that for implementation of UNESCO’s architectural standards to world village registration, it is necessary to construct a new Kandovan next to the old village. In addition, holding festivals, exhibitions and weekly markets for the development of regional tourism is recommended. Establishment of tourism amenities such as construction of parking lots, recreational complex, designing websites and construction of a hotel are some other recommendations. Holding training courses related to tourism in the village, is a major step towards development of tourism considering the potential among the youth of the village.

Villagers require to learn a series of educational courses. The youth of the village continue to do their business in the village and commute between the village and the city they live during the tourist season. Considering the young generation’s loyalty to their hometown and their desire to work in their village, many of them are ready to participate in the development of tourism of village and, as a result, holding educational courses from the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization of the region such as foreign language courses, tourism guides, hospitality culture, marketing and advertising are welcomed by young people.

Journals are considered as one of the main forms of knowledge transfer in scientific research and in the international community have their own spotlights. According to the progress of scientific articles, scientific-research journals, as one of most attainable citation sources are always used by researchers and students. Content analysis method enables the researcher to obtain expression and critical evaluation of research projects, regardless of their results. Journal of Rural Research is one of the scientific publications in the field of rural issues that started its career in 2010 aimed at disseminating basic and applied research in the field of rural studies with the innovative and high-quality interdisciplinary approach. All studies in the field of geographical sciences were the spatial nature allocated to a part of land as the study area. Accordingly, most studies specified a range from small to large scale divisions. Provincial scattering studies are on the map. Kermanshah province, Iran, with 29 articles is in the first place. Then Kurdistan (14), Isfahan, and Tehran (13) are in the follows, respectively. The provinces of Qom, Ardebil, with up to 2 papers had lowest benefited. The results of the current study showed that although the number of female writers in 6 periods had a rising trend, generally about one-third of the writers were female and other two-thirds were males. According to the provincial dispersions, Qom and Ardebil provinces had paid less attention to the need to achieve the status of villages in the areas and more studies should be done on them.

According to World Tourism Organization reports, revenue from tourism is rising with a high speed and it can be a big step for areas with natural and tourist attractions. The unique features of geographical, ecological, mountain attractions, water resources, forest of Chahar Mahal & Bakhtiari province attracts many tourists to this region. The aim of this study is developing a system model for analysis of different views on the obstacles and problems of tourism in Dimeh village as a rural tourism site in Koohrang County in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province in expert's viewpoint related to the tourism sector, key people in villages and inside and outside tourists in the province be present in tourism centers and villages.
This Study is qualitative research and for analyzing the data in this study, the grounded theory was used. The study population consisted of three categories of research about rural tourism officials and inside and outside the province tourists and the third category of cultural heritage experts. Sampling was completely purposeful (snowball method) then conducted in-depth interviews, focused interviews, structured and semi-structured interview and eventually reach the theory saturation, data collection and coding procedures and data analysis of the content analysis was performed. Based on the grounded theory, after collecting information from the study population, we reviewed and analyzed recorded video tapes, interviews, photos and manuscripts were discussed. After reviewing several times, extra points, redundant and unrelated matters to the subject removed and key statements were obtained in the form of codes and concepts (the first stage: encoded open). In axial coding, data are compared with each other in an ongoing process until after the opening encoded link between the categories specified. In axial coding, developed classes and each class is composed of the following classes that are related to each of them is determined. Selection coding is a combination of selective coding classes for the initial formation of research framework. At this phase, we combined previously coded sentences to understand the relationship between them and then conceptual model outlined.
The results of this study was to extract the conceptual model of problems of the tourist village of Dimeh that showed village has infrastructure problems, health, cultural attractions pale, lack of understanding of tourism, lack of motivation of local officials, lack of planning, research and monitoring, problems related to human resources, tourism problems and issues and problems related to government and handicraft problems.
Since Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province in the field of tourism and ecotourism is among the five top provinces and annually receives a large number of tourists (especially in spring and summer), Therefore, more attention to removing the barriers identified in this research model to improve the situation of the village, systemic approach studies to further investment in infrastructure, help to local people's participation, marketing, attention to handicrafts and future research on different aspects of rural tourism, to strengthen these categories in order to benefit more villagers recommended. The deployment of emergency teams, containers of aid, the timely collection of garbage, increasing the number of trash cans, the use of trained human resources, extension training with a focus on marketing and, the government's attention to this topic for the sale of food, beverages and crafts is beneficiary.

Agriculture sector has an important portion of EU economy, with 3.8% of jobs and 4.4% of GDP. Negative rate of rural population growth is a risk for rural planners and shows the importance of new perspective for rural development in the EU. So, from the beginning of 21st century, there has been a new attitude towards rural and agricultural development in member states. Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), LEADER Approach and approved rural development programs for 2000-2006 and 2007-2013 periods are among the main rural development programs in this century. Coordination of rural development programs in national level with high level of policy making for development of rural regions in member states and conformity with the rules related to budget of any sections of program are the most important attitudes of new rural development landscape in the EU. In this article, we tried to survey the past and present rural development planning system in member states, its future perspective as well as effectiveness and importance of agricultural development programs in rural development process.

The peri-urban villages are scenes of the formation, growth, and the continuity of opportunities and threats affecting the environmental quality and the way of supplying the needs of residents. Thus, assessing the livability of these villages as a new concept is of great importance in the literature of settlement planning. The study areas in this study include the peri-urban villages in the city of Varamin and in the vicinity of four cities in this region. What is considered in this study is the individual variables affecting the perception of livability in the peri-urban villages of Varamin located in Tehran Metropolis.
Theoretical Framework: Livability is a concept related to the number of concepts and terms such as sustainability, quality of environment, healthy communities, etc. Although definitions vary in different communities, the defined objectives of planning should be used to create native standards for livability. Livability is often used for defining the different dimensions of community and common experiences; it is usually focused on human experiences of place within the specified time and place. In addition, livability as a concept can be expanded or limited depending on the context in which it is defined. However, life quality is often at the center of attention in this concept and includes a wide range of measurable indicators with proven components including density, transportation, security, and sustainability. Livability, however, is an interconnected concept derived from the economic, environmental and social concepts, which aims at preventing its one dimensional and reductive state. Therefore, there should be a network of relationships between various domains in terms of livability standards. Vergunst (2003) introduced a framework for livability in Aspinge rural area in Sweden. In this context, the livability is a product of interaction between local residents, community life, service level, physical location, and local economy. Local population, demographic structure (age and gender), and lifestyle are among important factors in this regard. Service level refers to communications services, schools, stores, and homes for the elderly.
Research method used in the study is analytical-descriptive. Indicators and indexes of livability in urban and rural settlements extracted and then complete with the conditions in the per-urban villages. In this study, Cochran method for sampling is used. Based on the number of resident families living in these villages, 380 people were selected. To increase the accuracy of the results, 400 questionnaires were designed, distributed, and completed. , Meanwhile, some experts were consulted with to assess the validity of the questionnaire. As for But for reliability of the 30 questionnaire provided and distributed between the residents in four rural villages in the vicinity of each of the cities and towns in the cities of Varamin, Qarchak,, Pishva and Javadabad. To measure the reliability of questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha was used. The Cronbach’s alpha obtained in this study was 0.955.
The relationship between individual characteristics and livability indices has been studied in this study as the main dependent variable. Thus, Phi and Cramer's correlation method was used to explore the variable of education with a ordinal scale, the variables of age and the duration of residence in the village with an interval scale, and also the variables of gander and occupation with a nominal scale. There is no significant relationship between the variable of gender with any of the indicators except for entertainment and leisure time; however, there is a statistically significant relationship between the variable of occupation in the individuals in charge and the indicators of public transport and green and open spaces. Of all education levels of respondents with no livability indicators, there is no statistically significant relationship. Finally, there is a relationship between the duration of residence in the village and the indicators of employment, income, and the sense of continuity and belonging to the place and its landscape. No relationship was found between the age, education, and livability in the villages under study. In fact, people of different ages and with different levels of education have the same attitudes towards the environmental needs, which can bring about positive aspects of the issue. This is due to the fact that the difference in attitudes between people of different ages in these villages is low, whereas low-literate and illiterate people are also aware of their civil rights and their attitudes do not show any significant differences with the attitudes of people with higher education and/or university education.
It is a general assumption that per-urban villages provide more appropriate and desirable levels of livability for their residents due to the special geographical locations; however, the results of the study indicate that the situation in per-urban villages of Varamin is quite different.