mohammad esmaeel amiri

Anthocyanins are important compounds in strawberry fruit quality. There are different genes involved in the production and accumulation of these metabolites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foliar application of iron, determine the optimal concentration and study its effect on the expression pattern of genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins of strawberry fruit of Camarossa cultivar during developmental stages. The experiment was factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. So that, first in a preliminary experiment strawberry plants were sprayed with 14% iron chelate at concentrations of 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, 1800, and 2000 µmol/L. Then properties were evaluated after foliar application. According to the results, fruits sprayed with iron at a concentration of 1400 μmol/L showed the highest level of total anthocyanin. Also, the application of selective concentrations of iron accelerated the ripening of fruits, which in the end, a concentration of 1400 μmol/L was considered as the optimal concentration. Increased expression of FaSUT1, FaMYB1, FaPAL, FaCHS genes and decreased expression of FaMYC1 gene in fruits treated with iron chelate 14% at a concentration of 1400 μmol/L can be a reason for increased accumulation of anthocyanins. Therefore, in order to produce strawberry greenhouses and cultivate them in a soilless environment, according to the results of this study, in order to increase anthocyanins contents, a concentration of 1400 μmol/L of iron can be suggested by foliar application.

This study was conducted to evaluate the response of Iranian promisinglate blooming almond genotypes to deficit-irrigation stress on GN15 rootstock. One-year old plants subjectedto three deficit-irrigation, including moderate and severe stress (soil water potential, Ψsoil = -0.8 and -1.6 MPa, respectively) and a control treatment (Ψsoil= -0.33 MPa), were applied for six weeks to five grafting combinations. A factorial experiment was conducted with a CRD which included three irrigations factors, five genotype factors and three replications. Genotypes/cultivarsincluded: ‘K3-3-1’, ‘H’, ‘13-40’, ‘Sahand’ and ‘Ferragness’ grafted on GN15 rootstock. Deficit-irrigation stress caused a significant reduction in plant growth parameters such as fresh and dry weights of plant organs, leafnumber, and total leafarea and leaf relativewatercontent in all almond genotypes and cultivars. Specific leaf weight (SLW) and leafabscission also significantly increased in drought-treated plants compared to the control group. Total shoot length, individual leaf area, leaf dimension (length and width), stomatal size and frequency were decreased in response to deficit-irrigation treatments. In response to stress, the‘Ferragnes’ and ‘Sahand’ cultivars on GN15 rootstock showed the highest relative water content (RWC) among the genotypes and showed the smallest decrease in fresh and dry weights of organs. The ’13-40’ and ‘K3-3-1’ genotypes showed the greatest leaf abscission and a decrease in the total leaf area, (the most reduction in transpiration area).

The GF677 (Prunus amygdalus×P. persica) is a peach rootstock tolerant to Fe deficiency .Therefore, its in vitro micro propagation is important for commercial purposes. By using liquid medium, it may be possible to reduce costs to a level lower than solid medium and liquid medium is better than solid medium in growth. In this research, both liquid and solid media (MS, DKW and WPM) were used for proliferation of GF677 rootstock and 1/2 MS liquid medium in four different concentration IBA (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg/l) for rooting of GF677 rootstock. in proliferation, Axillary buds that has been grown in vitro condition transmitted on media culture for comparison. The statistical design was factorial adopted completely randomized design with 5 replicate .explants shoot lengths ,shoot numbers, root lengths and root numbers were recorded after 4 weeks. The observation indicates that there were significant differences between solid and liquid media. Best result were achieved for proliferation by liquid medium and among which MS obtained the highest frequency. The best results were obtained for rooting in 1/2 MS supplemented with 0.5 mgl/1 IBA.