فهرست مطالب mohammad feshraki

Shabdiz and Golgon, two beautiful horses of Khosrow Parviz’s court, have been the subject of many historians, especially Shabdiz, that according to some historical sources, was one of the wonders of the court of Khosrow Parviz. The fame and glory of this historic horse brought it into the world of myths as far as many Persian literary works came out and many poets used it to create unique works. Since the name of Shabdiz is linked to night and darkness, it is a beautiful theme for the poet's imagination to fly in the night sky; however, the poet's imagination was not limited to the night sky, but the sky of the day, with its companionship, Golgon, was seized by him. Nizami is one of the most talented poets in the field, which illustrates the story of these two beautiful horses in the style of Myth-Lyric. The symbolic birth of Shabdiz's birth is somewhat reminiscent of the birth of the Mithras from the Stone and a marker of the new processing of the ancient myths, which undoubtedly derives from the past ritual beliefs in the drawing of day and night as a horse; it is possible that Nizami depicted Shabdiz and Golgon to associate them with Mithras and Bahram and as the symbols of day and night. Golgon symbolizes the day and the brightness of the god Bahram, and his counterpart, Shabdiz, is the night sky, and is a symbol of Mithras, the god of the night, as if they are a concept of time in a hall of symbols and similes. The magic of the Nizami’s word, with the preservation of the historical and structural framework of narrative, has tied the story of these two horses to the ancient beliefs, rituals and mythologies, so that the names of these two always shine in Persian literature.

Resurrection of nature brings an excitement on the earthy ground that spirit and soul of man is delighted by this renaissance. Every year, ancient people greet regeneration, flowers growth and old trees verdure and by a symbolic ceremony along with ritual prayers acknowledged the deities to bless the life by attracting gods consent and the revitalization of the plant. Over time, the ceremony has survived to the present day with the name of Nowrūz. It has passed many ups and downs since Cyrus, but every time it was more successful than before. Many opinions exist about the roots of the emergence of Nowrūz. In this context, many writers and poets composed and wrote a lot in their poetry and short or long works. Nizami also didn’t neglect the natural evolution and the national- folklore celebration. With a different approach to the roots of the Nowruz left a lasting work that was planned and established based on the Mesopotamian mythology, a Year According to Mesopotamian mythology -Sacred Marriage.

The most secret and most wonderful story of Mehr is the fight with the primitive cow. Mithra makes the earth to flourish and fertilize by killing the eternal cow and pouring its blood. This basic idea in Mehr religion influenced many cultures and cults. Belief in different forms of sacrifice to be immune from the evil forces and to find blessing has been pinned to the lives of residents of Iranian Plateau thorough the history. For this reason، some people or animal became the scapegoats for a tribe so that this sacrifice would diminish the sins، pains، and suffering of people. By these actions and other dramatic rituals، people aimed at reconstruction of time and place of cosmic creation so they could find the happiness and blessing once again by killing the primitive cow. So in a large feast، they all ate a piece of the beef to transfer her power، fertility، and blessing to themselves; where they found a sort of unity. This happy sacrificing became one of the themes in Persian literature and was recreated in the works of many poets and writers. Among these، Nezami Ganjavi has paid especial attention to the ritual of sacrifice in his story «Haft Peykar». By the language of tales، he points at a number of sacrifice-related rituals including regeneration، creation، rain prayer، eclipse، and war. He uses literary arrays such as allegory، allusion، and ambiguity to depict a new and interesting account of these beliefs and ritual traditions.