فهرست مطالب mohammad ghaderi

Deterioration is an irreversible feature of the seed that threatens its viability. Seed priming is one of the methods which improves vigor by modifying the structure and performance of deteriorated seeds. In this regard, at the first step, the best priming combination of different concentrations of salicylic acid, thiourea, and gum arabic was selected by germination and seedling traits in deteriorated seeds of canola var. Okapi. Then, using conventional experimental designs, its effect was tested on germination indices, seedling growth, antioxidant enzymes' catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GP), and alpha-amylase (α-amylase). The results of the Taguchi method introduced a combination of 1 mM salicylic acid and 0.75% gum arabic as the best treatment, and its effectiveness was confirmed by subsequent experiments. The stimulating effect of this treatment on germination rate, root and seedling length, and seedling weight was significant compared to the control treatment (p≤0.01). The length and weight of seedlings increased by 30 and 60%, respectively. Enzymatic results showed that the activity of SOD, APX, and α-amylase enzymes was significantly (p≤0.01) increased by the selected treatment by 14, 22.7, and 5.5%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. In general, priming the seeds with a combination of salicylic acid and gum arabic stimulates the defense system and remobilization of reserves, which is reflected in the improvement of germination and seedling indices. Enhancing these factors provides a suitable condition for the optimal establishment of canola in environmental conditions.

Fungi are successful microorganisms in the bioremediation of environmental pollution. So, this study aimed to determine the potential of Trichoderma tomentosum to remediate cadmium, lead, and nickel contaminations from potato dextrose agar (PDA) and potato dextrose broth (PDB) media. Growth rates, toxicity tolerance sporulation, bio-sorption capacity, and bio-sorption efficiency of the fungus were evaluated under different concentrations of CdCl2, Pb(NO3)2, and NiCl2. The findings demonstrated that the growth rate of the fungus differed depending on concentration, metal type, and medium. More metals in PDA medium induced more inhibition on fungus growth rates; however, the rate was independent from the heavy metals concentrations in PDB medium. Cadmium was the most toxic metal tested against T. tomentosum, with a 72h LC50 of 37 ppm. It was about 3.16 and 4.24 times as toxic as nickel and lead, respectively. In the control condition, sporulation of the fungus began at 72 hours, but under the heavy metals, it began at 168, 168, and 192 hours, respectively, for Pb, Ni, and Cd. Both the bio-sorption capacity and efficacy of the fungus were significantly enhanced by an increase in metal content and the highest values were obtained at 200 ppm of the salts. The heavy metals total bio-sorption capacity order was Ni < Cd < Pb in the aqueous medium. The conclusion was that T. tomentosum has a greater potential for the biosorption of heavy metals; hence, the fungus may be employed for the bioremediation of heavy metals from polluted sites, particularly wastewater and industrial influents.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in December 2019. The disease can manifest in various respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms and clinical findings. The signs and symptoms of this disease in children are not entirely known yet. Ground-glass opacity and pleural effusion in the chest computed tomography scan have been reported in infected patients. The pleural effusion has been reported in a few cases. The present case report describes a pediatric patient with the chief complaints of fever, diarrhea, and vomiting who presented to an emergency department with a differential diagnosis of a gastrointestinal infection. However, he was diagnosed with COVID-19, which was complicated by respiratory distress and pleural effusion.

Many factors affect marital satisfaction as one of the determinants of mental health, and may even lead to marital dissatisfaction.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between the health of the family of origin and marital satisfaction and its components among women in Bojnurd, Khorasan, Iran.

In this descriptive correlational study, 218 women who met the inclusion criteria referred to Bentolhoda Hospital in Bojnurd as inpatients or outpatients. They were selected using the convenience sampling method from January to April 2015. The data collection tools were the Family of Origin Health Scale (FOS) and Marital Satisfaction Index (MSI). Data analysis was performed using chi-square, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression at p=0.05 with SPSS software version 16.

The study participants’ mean age and duration of marriage were 31.40±8.90 and 11.10±9.30 years, respectively. The coefficient of correlation between FOS (136.52±26.93) and MSI (58.73±34.20) was negative, and their relationship was statistically significant (r=-0.365, p<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of MSI for individuals who had no familiarity and the familychr('39')s income before the marriage (p<0.001, p<0.007), respectively.

Given the undesirable level of marital satisfaction and the existence of problems in family relationships as one of the factors affecting FOS and MSI in this study, as well as the multifactorial nature of marital satisfaction, further multifactorial studies are recommended to determine the factors influencing marital satisfaction to improve this variable.

Urban spatial inequality in informal settlements is more apparent especially in the developing countries, with various roots and reasons and its modification is arduous. Since last decades Rio de Janeiro has been exposed to informal settlements. Almost these settlements have dispersed all over the city leading to the formation of spatial inequality. Therefore many plans with financial support have developed to remove the existing spatial inequality in last three decades. This research tried to analyze the variation of urban inequality gap between 1985 and 2015 and to answer this question that whether extensive plans can reduce urban spatial inequality or whether spatial gap among other regions have raised due to services costs. First, we revised plans of financial supports and then analyzed urban condition from several aspects. The research method is analytical – descriptive since Rio experience can be a model for urban planning in Iran as this type of research is an applied one. In this study, analysis of different aspects is based on numerical methods as the correlation coefficient, variation coefficient, Gini coefficient, and for showing the spatial inequality, GIS was used. It was concluded that financial supports have good influence on Favela’s infrastructure and may improve their levels. Favela’s population have increased but the variation of house price Gini coefficient reveal raise of inequality gap among Rio regions. As a result, not only financial support plans could modify urban inequality but it may have the reverse outcome and the inequality gap would be intensified.

Various studies have shown different results about the relationship between gender roles and self illusion of people. Some Researches have reported that Self illusion is more found in men andaccording to others it is more found in women in women. Self-patient is the thought of someone who, despite his or her physical health, considers him/her as having physical impairments. They are also concerned about their health. the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the gender roles (masculine-feminine) and self-illusion of the female university students. the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the gender roles (masculine-feminine) and self-illusion of the female university students. For this purpose 50 female students were selected as the sample based on random sampling. For this purpose 50 female students were selected as the sample based on random sampling For this purpose 50 female students were selected as the sample based on random sampling They answered the questionnaires of the gender role of (Bam, ….) and self-illusion of( Evans, …..) They answered the questionnaires of the gender role of (Bam, ….) and self-illusion of( Evans, …..) They answered the questionnaires of the gender role of (Bam, ….) and self-illusion of( Evans, …..) Collected data were analyzed data has been analyzed by Pearson correlation method, Regression analysis and one sample (T) test. The results showed  that feminine role in girls has positive and meaningful correlation with Self illusion and masculine role in girls has negative meaningful correlation with Self illusion.

Traffic accidents are one of the most important human health hazards worldwide and the second leading cause of death in Iran.In order to control and reduce the number of accidents and traffic accidents, we must have accurate information about them. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiological outcome of traffic accidents in pre-hospital emergency.

This retrospective cross-sectional study that was done in 2016 in Bojnourd. Data collected from 2870 patient by check List of demographic and variables relating to accidents from the trauma center and hospital Imam Ali from 2012 to 2016. SPSS 20 software was used for data analysis.

Study shows that %74.2 were male and other were female. Accidents and injuries were more prevalent in 18-24 years’ age group (%25.2). Most of the injuries were motorcyclists (% 37.5). Most of the accidents occurred in the summer 10439(36.1%) and in Shahrivar and the lowest in Azar and Dey.

The results of the study showed that most of the Injured of traffic accidents are young men and mainly in car and motorcycle riders and most of the traffic accidents happen in summer, Therefore, it is suggested that in the necessary planning in order to reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents, more attention should be paid to youth age groups and high-risk months

The role of the non-technical skills in reducing undesired errors is significant and
there are a few methods that improve the effectiveness of CPR's non-technical skills. The aim of this
study was to determine the effect of Seven-Stage Response Plan of cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(SSRP-CPR) on non- technical skills of nursing and anesthesiology students.

The current quasi-experimental study included forty-two undergraduate
nursing and anesthesiology students that divided in stratified sampling and random allocation into
the experimental (SSRP-CPR) and traditional groups. All participants completed a course of CPR
technical skills, and then participated in a 4-hour workshop. The trainings included routine

of CPR and Seven-Stage Response Plan in traditional and experimental groups, respectively. Data
were collected by using the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) Tool and were
analyzed by SPSS 20.

The mean total scores of team's performance in SSRP-CPR group (35.08±9.63) were
significant and higher than the traditional group (23.46±5.68), (p<0.002). Furthermore, the mean
score of non- technical skills categories including leadership (p<o.oo1), teamwork (p<o.oo2) and
task management (p<o.o24) were significant and higher in SSRP-CPR group, than the traditional
group. In addition, the results showed that there was no significant difference between the two
groups in a number of subcategories of teamwork, including working together, team superiority and
team morale, respectively. (p<o.310, p<0.292 p<0.187).

The SSRP-CPR, as a teamwork and leadership model, can improve the non-technical
skills of resuscitation. Therefore, it’s suggested that the model of SSRP-CPR could be used to train
the non-technical skills of resuscitation in a simulation and real resuscitation environment in hospital
resuscitation teams.

Drug abuse is a widespread and increasing phenomenon throughout the world that, as the most important social harm, invades human society and causes many to become seriously impaired in individual and social action. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and underlying factors of substance abuse among students of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences.

This study was descriptive. 169 students participated in the study by stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was developed by the presenters and reviewed by existing studies. The questionnaire included demographic information and drug use information including cigarettes, hookah, alcohol and drugs. Data on substance abuse were collected using 23 variables including substance use during the past year and month, age of first use, place and time, and people using them, using descriptive statistics (Frequency, percentage, mean) were analyzed by SPSS 20.

Most of the students were female (62.5%). The mean age of students was 21.08 ± 2.03. The mean score of students was 16.431 1.45. The prevalence of cigarette, hookah, alcohol and drug abuse were 8.4%, 18.9%, 7.7% and 3.6%, respectively. The mean age of substance abuse students was 17.15±2.57 years. Most students with non-academic friends had hookah abuse (18.5%), alcohol abuse (2.2%) and drugs (2.4%). Abuse of hookah, alcohol and drugs were more frequent in leisure  time and were (12.4%), (1.8%) and (4.7%), respectively. The most prevalent areas of abuse were cigarettes, hookahs and narcotics in parks and green spaces, and single and family-run alcoholic beverages.

The highest abuse among students was related to hookah smoking. Drug abuse was often done in groups and with non-academic friends, in green spaces and parks and in leisure time. In order to reduce the prevalence and areas of substance abuse, it is suggested that more specialized training courses be held to increase students' awareness and understanding of the causes of substance abuse. In addition, further studies are recommended to identify more precisely the underlying causes of substance abuse.

Routing and data aggregation are two important techniques for reducing communication cost of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To minimize communication cost, routing methods can be merged with data aggregation techniques. Compressive sensing (CS) is one of the effective techniques for aggregating network data, which can reduce the cost of communication by reducing the amount of routed data to the sink. Spatio-temporal CS (STCS), with the use of spatial and temporal correlation of sensor readings, can increase the compression rate in WSNs, thereby reducing the cost of communication. In this paper, a new method of STCS technique based on the geographic adaptive fidelity (GAF) protocol is proposed which can effectively reduce the communication cost and energy consumption in WSNs. In the proposed method, temporal data is obtained from random selection of temporal readings of cluster head (CH) sensors located in virtual cells in the clustered sensors area and spatial data will be formed from the data readings of CHs located on the routes. Accordingly, a new structure of sensing matrix will be created. The results show that the proposed method as compared to the method proposed in [29], which is the most similar method in the literature, reduces energy consumption in the range of 22% to 43% in various scenarios which were implemented based on the number of required measurements at the sink (M) and the number of measurements in the routes (m_r).

During the anaerobic exercises which glycolysis is the main system of energy production, the oxygen deficit leads to lactate formation. Meanwhile, growth hormone, cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine are the effective hormones on this system. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the effects of one session anaerobic exercise, accompanied by music, on serum levels of lactate and above-mentioned hormones.
The subjects of this study were 16 young Handball player men which randomly assigned into two groups. Group A and B trained with 60% and 80% of one-repetition maximum respectively, in two sessions of without (A1, B1) and with music (A2, B2). Blood samples were taken before exercise (phase 1), immediately after exercise (phase 2) and two hours after exercise (phase 3).
In all groups, growth hormone and lactate increased from 1 to 2 phases and decreased from 2 to 3 phases (P<0.05). Cortisol levels decreased from 1 to 2 and 1 to 3 in group B1 (P<0.05). Changes of cortisol during phases 1 to 2 and 1 to 3 were statistically significant between groups A1 and B1 (P<0.05). Also groups A1-A2 and B1-A2 were statistically different in changes of lactate (P<0.05).
It can be concluded that one session anaerobic exercise with motivational music listening has no effects on the levels of growth hormone, norepinephrine, epinephrine and cortisol. However lactate level decreases, which may be an underlying mechanisms of fatigue reduction, related to music listening during exercise.

With regard to the importance of curing osteoporosis, the following study aims at investigating the effects of a period of HIIT exercises on BMD and BMC in male mature rats. In the present study, 27 adult male Wistar rats, with an average weight of 190±20 grams were used. Mice were divided into three groups with the same diet: high intensity interval training (HIIT) (n=9), continuous training (n=9), and control group (n=9). Then, 24 hours after six weeks of training sessions, and after using anesthesia, the rats were sacrificed. HIIT protocol was equivalent to an intensity of 95% to 100% of the maximum oxygen consumption. The first session of the continuous exercise was initiated with an intensity equal to 80% of the maximum consumed oxygen. After each training session, one minute was added to the time of the exercise and after each week, the speed was increased by one meter per second. The femurs of the animals were carefully extracted and placed in formalin solution. Evaluations of BMD and BMC were performed using DEXA method at the femoral neck site. After the exercise, in order to analyze the dates of one-way analysis of variance, the Scheffe’ test was used with the significance level of 0.5. The results in BMD indicated a non-significant increase in the bone density of the HIIT group and also a non-significant decrease in the continuation training group compared with the control group. Also, in the HIIT group, there was a significant increase in BMC compared with the continuation group and also compared with the control group. Considering that HIIT has led to an increase in BMC, it seems that this training method, after considering the scientific exercise principles (including age, sex, exercise records, access to good nutrition, etc.), can have a positive effect on the individuals exposed to the risk of osteoporosis.

Specific learning disability has become the umbrella term for mathematics, reading and written expression disorders in updated DSM-5S. This disorder always has shown itself as a responsible factor in many kinds of academic problems. In addition to enormous academic problems, the disorder can cause many defects in students’ social relationships, especially taking an appropriate humor style. Therefore, it seems there is some differences between students with specific learning disability disorder and normal students. Because of the importance of the issue, aim of this study was to compare humor styles and social skills between high school students with and without specific learning disability disorder. The study design was descriptive and a causal-comparative type. All normal and learning-disabled high school male students of Kerman city (southeastern, Iran) constituted the study population. Eighty students (40 with and 40 without specific learning disability disorder) were selected through convenient sampling method as sample members. All the learning-disabled subjects were met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for the specific learning disability disorder. Furthermore, In order to comply with ethical principles, informed consent was obtained from participants and as the participation in the study was completely arbitrary; subjects could withdraw from the study whenever they wished. A diagnostic interview, Raven’s IQ test, Colorado learning difficulties (CLDQ), Matson’s social skills, and Martin's humor styles (HSQ) questionnaires were utilized for data collection. The Persian version of each instrument enjoys an acceptable validity and reliability and each of them has been used in many studies conducted in Iran. Before compare the students, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of the distribution and Box's and Leven's test was used to assess the homogeneity of variance-covariance matrices. All the data were analyzed using SPSS software (V. 22), through Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test. Mean scores of students with specific learning disability disorder in the social skills were significantly lower than normal students were (p<0.001). Meanwhile, the mean scores of students with the specific learning disability disorder were lower than normal students were in self-enhancing humor style (p=0.043), they scored higher mean scores in aggressive (p=0.025) and Self-defeating humor styles (p=0.046). The result also showed that the differences between two groups of the students in the affiliative humor style was not significant (p=0.303). These findings signify that the students with specific learning disability disorder in comparison to the normal students have had a worse condition in perceiving and expressing the social skills. Moreover, they also have preferred negative humor styles such as aggressive and Self-defeating, instead of choosing a positive humor style such as self-enhancing, which is considered as an adaptive humor style. Regarding the fact that having effective contacts with peers, and being socially accepted by them is a good predictor for students’ future academic and social competence, and as the students with specific learning disability disorder have critical defects in employing the healthy humor styles and social skills, paying attention to these variables is of paramount importance.

In this study, morphology, mechanical and corrosion properties of Ni-P electroless coating was investigated using different pre-treatments on the Mg-Li (MA21) alloy. The results show that adding 125 g/l chromium trioxide and 110 ml/l nitric acid to the pickling solution can increase the uniformity of the intermediate layer and reduce the porosity of the Ni-P electroless coating. The MgF2 and LiF layer uniformity leads to the increase in the number of coating nucleation sites and a fine morphology. The corrosion rate of the MA21 sample, Ni-P electroless coating sample with 125 g/l CrO3 and 110 ml/l HNO3 was 63, 87 and 4 mpy, respectively. The test results of Ni-P electroless coating adhesion with pretreatment number 2 was double that of pretreatment number 1.

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of progressive resistance training with melatonin supplementation on plasma total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in overweight men. In this clinical trial, 40 men with body mass index (BMI) between 25-30 were randomly divided into into four groups: training-supplement (N=10), training-placebo (N=10), supplement (N=10), and placebo (N=10). The training group performed an progressive resistance training session, 3 sessions each week with 55-85% 1RM for 8 weeks. The treatment groups received three mg of melatonin in capsule form every day two hours before bedtime. Data were statistically analyzed by ANCOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni methods (p≤0.05). The results showed that resistance training with melatonin consumption significantly increased TAC in training-supplement (p≤0.007), training-placebo (p≤0.029), supplement (p≤0.025) groups. However, significantly increased MDA values only in training-supplement (p≤0.039) and supplement (p≤0.048) groups.However, no significant changes were observed in the training-placebo and control groups (P> 0.05). The results of the intergroup differences indicated that TAC was significant only between the training-supplement, training-placebo and control groups (p≤0.05). groups. While there was no significant difference in MDA values between the training-supplement, training-placebo, supplement and placebo groups (P> 0.05). Supplementation of melatonin alone and in combination with resistance training has been more effective due to potent antioxidant anti-inflammatory effects, can would improve the antioxidant capacity in overweight men.

Snow is a form of precipitation that plays a key role in runoff generation at mountain climate watersheds. Because of a time delay between the snowfall and its melting process, the generated runoff has a differnet behavior than other form runoff generations. DarbandSamalghan is one of the important mountain climate watersheds in North Khorsan province that its snowmelt runoff has a significant influence in the watershed streamflow. In this study a snowmelt runoff model (WinSRM) applied for runoff simulation during the two water year 2010-11 as calibration and 2011-12 for validation by using the MODIS satellite data. The model can estimate the snowmelt runoff using metorogical, hydrological and physical characterstics of the watershed as well as provinding the output simulations in diffrenet form of charts and values. The results showed a good agreement between the simulated and observed streamflow data. The determination coefficient and difference volume were 0.88 and -3.3 % for the first year, and 0.72 and 0.3 for the next year of simulation respectively. Finally, results of this study indicated the high capability of the WinSRM model and this model can be applied for the other watersheds in the region.

Background and Insomnia or poor sleep quality can result in some irreparable consequences such as distraction, the absence of class, poor academic performance and eventually harming the students’ physical or mental health. Therefore, this study was performed with the main aim of investigating the student's sleep quality, considering the mediating role of metacognitions.
The study design was descriptive of correctional type. All the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University constituted the statistical population. The study sample was included 230 male and female students whom were picked out based on Krejcie and Morgan sample size table (1970), using the random cluster sampling method. Sleep quality index and metacognition questionnaire were used for data collection and Spearman's correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression for the exploring of relationships between the variables.
The results revealed that more than 58% of the students had poor sleep quality scores. The results also indicated that the correlation coefficients of age, gender, education, metacognition total score and some subscales of metacognition with the students’ sleep quality problems were significant. Meanwhile, the academic level could predict the students’ sleep quality negatively (p It appears that the metacognitive beliefs could affect students’ sleep quality through limiting a persons’ ability in choosing and performing cognitive strategies on the individual experience of negatively perceived signals.

Meaningful learning is an important factor in promoting creative thinking, critical thinking and problem-solving abilities in learners. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of pediatric nursing teaching in the forms of lecture, e-learning and concept mapping on the cognitive levels of recalling, comprehension and application.
This research was a quasi-experimental study with a three-group, pre-test post-test design. Sixty-four 5th-semester nursing students were selected through census method and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. For the third group, half of the students from both classes, who were familiar with and had access to internet, were selected randomly and purposively. After the pre-test, the control, experimental and e-learning groups received training using lecture, concept mapping and e-learning methods respectively for four sessions over a one-month period. Then, the post-test was taken and four weeks after that, the recall test was performed. Data were collected using a research-made academic achievement test. The results were analyzed using ANOVA, chi-square, independent and paired t-tests.
All three methods of lecture (t=-2.41, p=0.02), e-learning (t=-1.45, p=0.17) and concept mapping (t=-2.19, p=0.04) were effective in enhancing students’ knowledge and learning. However, meaningful learning and the mean scores of pre- and post-tests were statistically significant only for the concept mapping method (15.16±1.37, 17.44±1. 58, t=-5.45, p Since the concept mapping method was more effective than the other two methods in students’ achieving higher levels of learning and meaningful learning, it is suggested that this method should be employed more in nursing education.

Iran police as a human centered organization and effective in society is well-known. This organization for enhancing society satisfaction and effectiveness of its service should change or improve its work process proportionate to its environment. Furthermore work measurement and time measurement pay the way for discovering strong points and suitable fields for improvement and by determination of executive programs will help Excellency and improvement in organization. In this article, a model of work measurement and time measurement for performance improvement in Iran police administerial jobs introduced. It is an applicatory research. For data collection a combination of documentary studies and field survey are used. Therefore the research is qualitative and quantitative. Alpha Cronbach coefficient is used for its reliability. Fifty persons selected and out of these numbers, 43 questionnaires completed and 90% results obtained which indicated its level of reliability. After surveying the basis of research and also interview with experts, a model of work measurement and time measurement of eight stages as annulated introduced. For confirmation of the model, three jobs situations from human force department because of crowding and also a great deal of load work selected as sample. These three situations included seven persons and these seven people carried out these nineteen processes. Work analysis indicated that in case of load work standardization and also elimination of reworking, the minimal unauthorized idleness per person in month will be at least 6600 minutes. Therefore these jobs for execution of mission have no need for new human forces.

In this paper, elastic-plastic buckling of a thick rectangular plate has been investigated based on both Incremental (IT) and Deformation (DT) plasticity theories. Uniform biaxial edge traction was assumed as the plate loading while simply supported as the boundary conditions. Integral uniqueness criterion has been minimized to determine the critical buckling traction. Based on Rayleigh-Ritz method, a linear combination of polynomial base functions, which satisfy the geometrical boundary conditions, has been used as the trial functions for rotations and transverse deflection. To validate the analysis, the results for the Mindlin plate theory have been compared with the previously published results and a very close agreement has been observed. Then the effects of thickness ratio, aspect ratio and also different biaxial traction ratios on the buckling traction have been investigated. The results show that for the problem considered here, very close critical buckling traction is predicted by the both Mindlin and sinusoidal plate theories. This implies that Mindlin plate theory is sufficiently accurate to predict critical buckling traction in this problem. Moreover when the loading is gradually changed from biaxial into uniaxial compression or when the thickness-ratio is increased, the difference between the two theories is also increased. Also for compression-tension loading case, the critical buckling traction predicted by deformation theory is much less than the incremental theory.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been found to be expressed in ovaries in addition to hypothalamus to modulate cell differentiation and induces atretic follicles. Since the death of granulosa cells during the process of follicular atresia occurs by apoptosis phenomenon, in this study, we investigated the occurrence of apoptosis of granulosa cells of rat ovarian follicles under the influence of Buserelin acetate, a GnRH agonist. In this experimental case-control study, twelve 25-day-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The study and control groups received 0.2 mg/kg/d Buserelin acetate and normal saline, respectively, for 4 days. 24 hours after the last injection, the rats were anesthetized with a lethal dose of chloroform and ovaries were removed. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin. After the passage, five-micron sections were prepared using a rotary microtome. Measurement of apoptosis was performed using a calibrated light microscope after TUNEL POD staining. Data were analyzed in GraphPad InStat software using independent t-test. P ≤ 0/05 was statistically considered significant. These data showed the average percentage of apoptotic cells in the control group 2/14 ± 0/52, and in the experimental group 3/75 ± 1/71. This difference was statistically significant (p≤0.0001). These findings suggest that Buserelin acetate increases apoptosis in the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles.

In this study، electroless coating of nickel-phosphorus on two types of substrates، i. e. sand-blasted and electropolished samples، were applied. Both samples were annealed at 400˚C for one hour in a heat treatment oven. The pin-on-disk wear tests were carried out at 250˚C under normal load of 5N and sliding speed of 0. 5 m/s with a sliding distance of 300 m. Morphology and wear behavior of the samples were studied by a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis device (EDX). Results indicate that electroless Ni-P coating on the sand blasted substrate is more wear resistance than that on the electropolished substrate، wear type for the former is adhesive and the worn sample of the latter coating contained a lot of micro-cracks.

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of BCAA supplementation on serum C - reactive protein, after acute resistance exercise in soccer players. 20 soccer players in a randomized one-blind design completed in random 3 sets of 8-10 repetitions of 7 exercises. Subjects were randomized to two ten-member groups and consumed 200 mg. kg-1 BW of either BCAA or dextrin (placebo) 30 minutes prior to exercise. To identify HS-CRP, venous blood samples were obtained 30 min prior to and immediately following exercise and at 1 hr, 2 hrs, 24hrs post exercise. Data were analyzed using 2-way repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Baseline serum values for Hs-CRP were not statistically different between groups in the 30 minutes before the exercise test (P>0.05). However there were significant increases (P<0.05) between the pre exercise and post exercise values for Hs-CRP from 24 hrs posttest, (P<0.05(. Importantly, the BCAA supplementation significantly reduced this Hs-CRP 24hrs post-test (P<0.05(. These results indicate that supplementary BCAA decreased serum concentrations of the inflammation biomarker Hs-CRP following resistance exercise. This observation suggests that BCAA supplementation may reduce the inflammation biomarker associated with resistance exercise.

Jaundice is a common problem in neonatal period. Phototherapy is the most common treatment for neonatal jaundice. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding white plastic cover around the phototherapy unit on hyperbilirubinemia in full term neonates with jaundice. In this randomized controlled trial, over 12 months (October 2009 – September 2010), 182 term neonates with uncomplicated jaundice, admitted to neonatal unit of Imam Reza Hospital (AS) in Kermanshah province of Iran, were selected. They were randomized in two groups. Control group received conventional phototherapy without cover around the apparatus and covered group received conventional phototherapy with plastic cover around the unit. After enrolment, total serum bilirubin was measured every 12 hours. Phototherapy was continued until the total serum bilirubin decreased to or less than 12.5 mg/dl. There were no significant differences between the two groups for gestational age, birth weight, postnatal age, weight (at admission), serum level of hemoglobin, hematocrit and reticulocyte count. Total serum bilirubin in covered group, during the first 48 hours of treatment, declined significantly than in control group (P. value=0.003). The cover around the phototherapy unit not only did not increase the side effects of phototherapy, but also had a positive impact in reducing duration of jaundice (P. value <0.0001) and duration of hospitalization (P. value <0.0001). The study results showed that using white plastic cover around the phototherapy unit can increase the therapeutic effect of phototherapy.

Music therapy is a technique by which music applies its effects through regulation of body rhythms and adjusts the physiological responses in several ways. Music has relaxation and anti-anxiety effects; however, evidence about its physiological effects is inconsistent. This research was carried out to determine the effect of light music on physiological parameters of patients with traumatic brain injuries. In this before-after clinical trial, 35 patients with traumatic brain injuries hospitalized at ICU wards of Shohadae Tajrish and Loghman Hakim hospitals were selected by purposive sampling in 2011. The data were collected by a demographic questionnaire, a physiological parameters form, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and biophysiological measuring devices. Physiological parameters and GCS were measured before and after listening to light music. The data were analyzed by SPSS using RM- ANOVA and Bonferroni tests. Comparing the means of physiological parameters before and after the intervention showed significant differences (p<0.001); i.e., the mean of SPO2 increased and the means of pulse rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, arterial pressure and body temperature decreased. The mean of pulse pressure decreased with no significance (p=0.197). The results showed that light music can adjust physiological parameters of patients with traumatic brain injuries. This study recommends that the managers of hospitals develop a practical strategy to use light music in order to adjust the physiological parameters of patients at ICU wards.