فهرست مطالب mohammad harsij

Fish transportation and catching is a common activity in aquaculture that induces stress and immunosuppression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of using Sanyar prebiotic (powder and liquid) in biofloc environment on metabolic activity, stress indices, and hematological of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under catching and transporting stress. Diets containing prebiotic (0.1 and 0.2 g powder; FP1 and FP2) and (1 and 2 ml liquid, FL1 and FL2) and control group without additive (FC) in biofloc system and the control group without additive with clean water (C) were fed to common carp for 60 days. At the end of the rearing period, to simulate catching stress, the fish were followed in the tanks with hand fishing nets for 10 minutes. For stress caused by long transportation with a stocking density of 1 kg (6 treatments and each with 3 replications), plastic bags (20 liters of water and 20 liters of oxygen) were used for 12 hours. After applying stress, blood sampling was done separately from the fish in two groups (catching and transportation). Metabolic activities (hepatic enzymes, urea, and creatinine), Red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit had a significant decrease in prebiotic treatments under stress. Cortisol concentration in the FC treatment (catch) and in the control treatment (transportation) significantly increased compared to other experimental treatments. In general, the results showed that using Sanyar commercial prebiotics in the biofloc environment reduces the stressful effects of catching and transportation for common carp.

This study examines the characteristic of microplastics (MPs) in sediments collected from the coastal areas of the southern Caspian Sea, Mazandaran province (Babolsar and Sari cities). Twelve sites for sediment sampling selected during 2022. MPs identification detected primarily under stereomicroscope and then ascertains and discovers their polymer composition by ATR-FTIR. The results showed that Babolsar areas, with 5 meters far from the shoreline, had the most abundance (660±165.15items/Kg). On the other hand, Sari station with 500 meters far from the shoreline contained the least MPs (220±81.33). Average number of detected MPs in all samples was 406.66±161.33. Fibers (80.33%) were the most abundant MPs, whereas films (3.28%) detected the least. In the case of size, the range of 1000-3000µm showed the most abundant MPs (39.34%) and MPs less than 2 µm the least ones (4.10%). Gray and black (50.82%) was the dominant color and yellow (3.28%) was rarely detected color (3.28%). Polymer constituent of examined MPs includes: (PET: 30%); (PS: 20%); (PA: 20%); and (PP: 15%). The findings of this study revealed that MPs occurrence in coastal sediments distribute from several sources; including tourism as well as wastewaters and packaging. These activities cause entering plastic litters along the coastal areas and their degradation accelerated t MPs distribution.

Regarding to fish cage culture development in freshwater reservoirs, it is essential to evaluate its environmental impacts. The present study was aimed to evaluate the environmental impacts of common carp, Cyprinus carpio cage culture on water quality and phytoplankton communities of Golestan reservoir, north of Iran. Sampling was monthly conducted from six stations (5, 100, 200, 400, 1000 and 2000 m distance from cages) along this reservoir during April to September, 2016. The water quality parameters and phytoplankton population alterations were sampled at all stations. No significant differences were observed in the environmental variables (except for BOD) among the sampling stations. However, all these variables showed significant differences between the sampling periods. The highest abundances of identified phytoplankton were belonged to Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta respectively in both seasons. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) diagrams presented differences in the temporal distribution of sampling units and phytoplankton abundances in both seasons. However, no significant spatial differences were observed. Based on results, we found no consistent environmental alteration caused by cage culture, hence it can be allowed in Golestan reservoir, Iran byclose monitoring its impacts.

Biofloc is a novel technology that can improve aquaculture production and also pursue sustainable aquaculture goals. In this experiment, the impact of the different C/N ratios on water quality, growth performance and immune response of Cyprinus carpio (initial weight; 11.75±0.53g) reared under biofloc conditions were investigated. Four levels of C/N ratios, using the addition of a carbon source (sugar), 10, 15 and 20 and the control without adding carbon (Control group with 40-50% daily water exchange) were consisted of the experimental treatments. After 8 weeks, fish were subjected to acute ammonia stress (0.5mg/L) for 6 hrs. Stress indicators such as glucose and cortisol were measured and statistically compared before and after exposure to ammonia. Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration was significantly higher in C10. The growth of fish was significantly higher in C15 while the feed conversion ratio had no statistically significant difference. Serum immunoglobulin, lysozyme, ACH50 activities were significantly higher in the C/N groups than in the control. Stress indicators (glucose and cortisol) showed no significant change before exposure, while after ammonia stress, their levels increased in all groups and the highest level was observed in the control group. Overall, biofloc (C/N manipulation) had an anti-stress effect, and the culture of common carp in the biofloc system with the lowest daily water exchange could be recommended.

In this study, the trophic status of the Bustan dam reservoir was investigated using Palmer and Carlson indices. Biological parameters including phytoplankton and environmental factors such as phosphate, nitrate and chlorophyll were sampled at the depth of 0.5 meter in five stations in three replicates seasonally in 2019, repetitions and Then the Palmer and Carlson indices were determined. The Palmer index in Bustan dam was estimated as 24, 31, 27.6, and 28.8in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively.  According to the Palmer index classification, in all four seasons, Bustan dam water is in the category of water with high organic matter. The highest value of Palmer's index was obtained in summer (31) and its lowest value was obtained in spring (24). The highest nutritional status of Carlson's index was related to summer (60.46 eutrophication) and the lowest level was found inwinter (52.44 eutrophication), which indicates that the reservoir has moved to semi-nourishing condition in winter season. Also, the highest nutritionism status was observed in station 3 (54/23). According to Palmer's and Carlson's indices and the ratio of phosphate to total nitrogen, the main factor of nutritionism in the reservoir of Bustan dam was phosphorus compounds that enteres the reservoir from external sources of the dam and ultimately causes the decrease of water quality.

Biofloc technology is considered as a culture system for fish production reduced environmental impacts. In the present study investigated the impact of zeolite nanoparticle on water quality, growth performance, digestive enzymes and immune response of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) reared under biofloc conditions. Fish fingerlings (initial weight of 7.99 ± 0.36 g) were divided into four treatments and fed four levels of zeolite nanoparticles in the following 0 (control), 50, 100 and 200  mg kg−1 diet in biofloc system (NZ1, NZ2 and NZ3) for 60 days. Carbon to nitrogen ratio (15:1) was provided using sucrose. Water quality parameters such as nitrogen compounds were measured during the test period. At the end of the experiment, the highest growth indices and the lowest feed conversion ratio were obtained in 50 mg kg−1 diet (NZ1). Intestinal protease activities in NZ1 and NZ2 treatments were significantly higher than in the other treatments, and the highest lipase and amylase activity was related to the NZ1 treatment. The 50 and 100 Zeolite diets in biofloc conditions significantly enhanced fish immune system activity. The present study suggests that dietary supplementation with 50 and 100 mg Zeolite nanoparticles in biofloc system significantly increases growth performance, digestive enzyme, and immunological response in common carp in fish culture tanks.

Hypoxia stress is an unfavorable environmental condition for fish that can have several effects on immunity and antioxidant. The aim of the present study investigated the impact of hypoxia stress (Chronic; 2 to 2.5 mg/L for 36 hours) and (acute; 0.013 and 0.017 mg/L for 1.5 hours) compared to control (6 to 7 mg/L) on survival, immune and oxidative status Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in biofloc conditions. In the first stage, the fish (21.90 ± 0.75 g) were stored in 9 tanks (50 liters) in the biofloc system for 7 weeks. In the second stage, the fish were subjected to hypoxia stress (chronic and acute) and control (normoxia). After hypoxia stress, serum lysozyme, total immunoglobulin, and ACH50 activities were significantly lower, and red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin, and hematocrit were higher in chronic and acute stress treatments. The activity of SOD, CAT, and GPX in the fish serum exposed to hypoxic stress was significantly reduced compared to the control. In general, the results show that both chronic and acute hypoxic stress weakened the blood parameters of common carp in the biofloc system.

Effluents from fish farms have high levels of nitrate and phosphate. In the present study, the removal of nitrate and phosphate from aquatic farm effluent was investigated by nanosilica adsorbent modified with mineral pumice. For this purpose, the desired adsorbent was added to 250 ml of effluent (with 50% and 100% concentration) in laboratory conditions (adsorbent doses of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 g/l). Nitrate and phosphate concentrations in the effluent were measured before the experiment. According to the results, the highest amount of nitrate and phosphate removal at a dose of 0.5 g/l was selected as the optimal dose, so the nitrate and phosphate removal efficiency was decreased at concentrations higher than this amount, because the available active ingredient was reduced at doses higher than 0.5 g. In this experiment, the optimum contact time of the adsorbent with the contaminant was 45 minutes. It seems that modified nanosilica with mineral pumice has a high ability (86% efficiency) to remove nitrate and phosphate from aquaculture effluents and can be used to purify effluents from aquaculture farms before reuse in the return system or before entering to the environment.

The study was executed to find out the potential effects Sanyar prebiotic on production performance, water nitrogen compounds, blood and metabolic parameters of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) reared in a biofloc system. 324 fish fingerlings (average weight 10.09 ± 0.45 g) were stocked in eighteen 35-L tanks (18 fish in each tank). Six experimental groups after 10 days of adaptation to laboratory conditions were tested for 60 days, which including: Control group without additive with clean water (C), Control group without additive with Floc (FC), Floc groups with 0.1 and 0.2 g (FP1 and FP2) powder prebiotic and Floc groups with 1 and 2 ml (FL1 and FL2) liquid prebiotic per 100 g of basic diet. At the end of the experiment, the FP1 group significantly increased final biomass weight, final density, and protein efficiency ratio (PER) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) when compared to other groups. Total water ammonia was reduced in the biofloc groups containing prebiotic supplementation compared to the biofloc group without prebiotic (FC). Serum urea and creatinine levels increased significantly in the FC group compared to the other experimental groups. ALT, AST and ALP enzymes were significantly increased in groups C and FC compared to the groups fed with Saynar prebiotic. The highest WBC and RBC counts were obtained in FL1 and FC groups, respectively. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of FP1 (0.1 g Sanyar prebiotic per 100 g of basic diet) can be potentially used as health enhancer in Common carp cultured under biofloc system.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of using two levels of Sanyar prebiotics (powder and liquid) on growth performance, feed productivity, digestive enzyme activity and non-specific immunity of Cyprinus carpio juveniles in the biofloc system. Common carp (10.09 ± 0.45 g) were stocked into 18 tanks (35 L) in six treatments for 60 days, including: Control treatment without additive and with clean water (C), Control treatments without additive with Floc (FC), Floc treatments with 0.1 and 0.2 g (FP1 and FP2) powder prebiotic and Floc treatments with 1 and 2 ml (FL1 and FL2) liquid prebiotic per 100 g of basic diet. Water parameters are maintained at the standard level for this species. Total ammonia concentration (TAN) was statistically significant between experimental treatments. The growth of fish was obtained significantly higher and the feed conversion ratio was lower in FP1. The highest intestinal protease activity (8.42± 0.05) was obtained in FP1 treatment. The lowest serum cortisol and glucose were observed in FP1. The immunoglobulin and lysozyme serum in FP2 and FL1 were significantly higher than other treatments. The results of this study showed that the use of 0.1 g of Sanyar prebiotic powder per 100 g of basic diet in the biofloc system could improve growth performance, and the immune status of C. carpio.

In this study, age and growth parameters of Prussian carp C. gibelio were examined using 247 specimens catched from the Goletan dam lake and 208 specimens from the Voshmgir dam lake. Sampling was carried out monthly over the period of February to September 2015. Total size distribution varied from 41 to 196 mm in length and 1.25 to 141.35 g in weigh and from 44 to 240 mm in length and 1.73 to 280.6 g in weigh in the Golestan and Voshmgir dam lakes respectively. Length-weight relationship of population was calculated as W = 0.021 TL2.92 in Golestan dam lake and W = 0.027 TL2.79 in Voshmgir dam lake. The parameters of von Bertalanffy growth fit the mean observed total lengths-at-age for each sex separately and were estimated as L∞= 378.09 mm, k = 0.12 year -1, t0= -0.43 year for females, L∞= 309.38 mm, k = 0.17 year-1, t0= -0.02 year for males, and as L∞= 355.74 mm, k = 0.13 year -1, t0= -0.35 year for combined sexes in the Golestan dam lake, L∞= 408.70 mm, k = 0.52 year -1, t0= -0.20 year for females, L∞= 186.23 mm, k = 0.51 year-1, t0= -0.42 year for males, and as L∞= 302.94 mm, k = 0.04 year -1, t0= -0.73 year for combined sexes in the Voshmgir dam lake.

The bony fishes of the Caspian Sea are the species whose reserves are decreasing due to Pollution, habitat destruction, exploitation and illegal fishing. Regarding the extent of illegal fishing in Golestan province and lack of sufficient studies in this regard, this study examines the changes in illegal fishing and identifies the factors involved in its occurrence. Using descriptive-analytical method, designing a questionnaire and questionnaire in person, the factors affecting the incidence of illegal fishing in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, Golestan province, were identified and ranked in two regions of Turkmen and Gomishan. Required information was collected by completing 50 questionnaires and questions related to social, economic and hunting causes during a one-year period (1395) was answered. The results showed a significant difference in illegal fishing between Bandar-Torkman and Gomishan (p ˂0.05, t- test= 3/3). Also, there was a significant difference between the winter and the rest of the seasons in the illegal fishing survey (p ˂0.05, ANOVA= 2/15). Analysis of illegal catch data by using linear regression model showed that there was a significant correlation between the probability of illegal catching of all trapped bones (in kilograms) and independent variables, including information from fish, establishment of trapping in sea, total number of traps, The main motive for hunting and the distance of the sea. This study showed that the rate of catches and reserves of bony species in the Caspian Sea has decreased, which has been accompanied by an increase in illegal fishing activities.

Aquaponic is considered a sustainable semi-closed system for food production that combines aquaculture and hydroponics. The aims of this study were to evaluate the influence of aquaponic on the growth and feed performance, digestive enzyme activity and blood parameters of Common carp juveniles for 60 days. This experiment consisted of three groups (three replications per group) which included; cultivation of common carp without plants (T0), use of aquaponic system for culturing common carp with lettuce (TL) and cucumber (TC). A total of 225 carp (initial body weight: 11.59 ± 0.41g) were randomly distributed in nine 60-L tanks. Results showed that aquaponic system in TL and TC groups could increase the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) and reduce the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of common carp. Total protease, amylase, and lipase activities were also significantly higher in TL and TC groups than control group, respectively. After 60 days, serum lysozyme activity and total immunoglobulin were significantly higher and serum cortisol and glucose levels were lower in aquaponic groups than the control group. The highest serum catalase and superoxide dismutase were observed in TL and TC group. The best effect on growth, digestive enzymes, and immune response were shown in TL and TC groups (Aquaponic system) compared to control.

To evaluate the flesh quality of fingerling common carp reared in aquaponics culture system, fish with cucumber and lettuce was reared under the aquaponics system for 60 days with three treatments including cultivation of common carp without plants (T0), an aquaponics system for culturing common carp with lettuce (TL), and cucumber (TC) each with three replications. For the meat quality evaluation of reared fish, at the final rearing period after harvesting fish, chemical composition, fatty acid profile, color, texture profile analysis, and sensory assessment were determined. The result showed that protein and lipid content in T0 and TC were significantly higher than in TL (P<0.05). Most of the sum monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) were recorded in TC and T0, respectively. Lipid quality base on the atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI) indices in TL was higher than in TC. According to color indices, fish skin in T0 and TL exhibited similar lightness and transparency, higher than in Tc. The color of fish muscle in TC displayed redness higher than in the other treatments. In case of texture profile analysis, springiness in TC was significantly higher compare to the other treatments. In case of sensory assessment, the score of odor attribute in TC was significantly lower compare to the other treatments. In conclusion, the muscle quality in the fish reared under aquaponics culture system was more acceptable in comparison with that in T0 (common carp reared without the plants) and in case of fish reared under aquaponics system, those reared with cucumber revealed better quality than the lettuce.

This study was conducted to investigate life history characteristics of Hircan crested loach (P. hircanica). A total of 150 specimens collected using electro-shocker from December 2015 to May 2016.  Results showed that the sex ratio of male to female is 1:0.65 indicating significant difference of males and females abundance in the studied population (χ2=6.83). The maximum observed total length and weight were 87 mm and 5.30 g for females, 104 mm 7.31 g for males. The weight - length relationship of female was W= 0.0085 TL2.89, of male W= 0.0109 TL2.74 and of the studied population was W= 0.0099 TL2.80. The growth model was isometric for females and negative allometric type for males and the population (t-test, tmale= 6.31, tfemale=1.61, tpopulation= 5.03, P<0.05). The average absolute fecundity was 328.86 per female and the relative fecundity was 110.56 eggs/g of females’ weight. Eggs diameters ranged from 0.45 to 1.79 mm with a mean value of 0.99 mm. The highest mean Gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the females was recorded in April, and of the males in May, indicating the highest reproductive activity of females and males occurs in June and May respectively.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aliphatic sodium butyrate on some blood parameters and growth factors in carp fingerling with an average weight of 10 g. This experiment was conducted for 8 weeks by using four different diets with three replications including: control (without supplement) and three levels of sodium butyrate (0.25, 0.5 and 1%). Feeding was performed for 2 months daily 2 times 3% of the body weight of the fish and were taken biometric 2 times in a month. At the end, blood parameters (including the number of red blood cells, white blood cell count and fractional count, hematocrit and hemoglobin), and growth factors (final weight, specific growth factor, feed conversion ratio and consumable food intake) were evaluated between the experimental  groups. This experiment was done in a completely randomized design. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and Excel software packages. Finally, there was no significant difference in final weight, specific growth factor, feed conversion ratio and food intake between experimental groups. The results of this study showed that sodium butyrate had no effect on the number of red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular vein (MCV), moderate hemoglobin (MCH), and moderate hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). There was also a significant difference between the levels of white blood cells between the levels of 0.25% and 1% in the control group. There was no significant difference between the levels of 0.5% and the control group. The results of this experiment showed that the addition of sodium butyrate to carp diet did not affect the growth and blood factors of this fish, but the white blood cell count decreased by 0.25% and 1%.

In this study effects of Zataria multiflora powdered and Zingiber officinale extract on Oncorhynchus mykiss growth andimmunity system was investigated. 150 juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss fishes with the average weight 31.40±1.43g (±SD) divide in to 3 treatments with triplicate. Each treatment feed with Zataria multiflora powdered and Zingiber officinale extract with 0 (control group) and 1percentage for 30 days. At the end of treatment blood samples were taken and immunological parameters were compared among the groups. To determine the effect of plant extracts in the bacterial challenge with pathogen, at the 30th day 15 fish from each treatment was injected by Yersinia ruckeri intraperitoneallyand mortality daily was recorded in two weeks.Theresults showed not any significant difference on growth factors (P>0.05). At the end of feeding period, most of the total protein, albumin, glucose, lysozyme, catalase, superoxide dismutase and hemolytic activity of complemant serum were observed in control group (p < 0.05). In the second phase of experimental and condition of post challenge with pathogen, most of the Glucose, lysozyme, catalase, superoxide dismutase and hemolytic activity of complemant serum were observed in treatment fed with 1% Zingiber powdered(p < 0.05). The highest time of survival rate of O. mykiss juvenile were observed in treatments fed with Zingiber powdered. Based on the results we can conclude that the use of 1% shirazi thyme andZingibermakes stimulates the immune system and increase resistance in rainbow trout.

The present study was carried out for providing basic information on the ecophysiological damages (blood indicators) of Mottled Goby in laboratory and environmental conditions of lead contamination and finally the design of blood biomarkers of lead contamination in Gorgan Gulf. In the laboratory studies, 400 piece of fishes with the weight average of 35±7.16 g were lively caughted and the tested fishes were exposed to concentrations of 0, 3.75, 7.5 and 15 mg/L of  lead for 14 days. After the completion of the experiment, the samples of blood and  liver were collected from fishes and the samples surveyed  by the analyses of hematology and toxicology. In the field test, the samples of fish, water and sediment were prepared from 4 areas, Khozeini 1, Khozeini 2, Gharasu, and Gorgan rud. In addition to the measuring lead in water, sediment and liver tissue, the samples of blood  from caughted fishes were similarly analyzed with the laboratory conditions mentioned. According to the results, among the hematologic parameters of  Mottled Goby, monocyte, red blood cell, hemoglobin and MCHC showed a positive and significant correlation and lymphocyte and MCV showed a negative and significant correlation with accumulated lead contamination in the liver of Mottled Goby in laboratory conditions and in environmental conditions, monocyte showed, a positive and significant correlation and eosinophil showed a negative and significant correlation with the contamination of lead in the Mottled Goby liver in environmental conditions. Neutrophil also showed an increasing trend with changes of  lead contamination in liver. In total, among the blood indices of Mottled goby, the monocyte percentage of the blood was proposed as the most effective and efficient blood biomarker of lead contamination in Mottled goby, due to the high correlations and the same trend in both environmental and laboratory conditions (P<0.05).

In recent years, the construction of fish farms on the margins of the Mohammadabad Katoul River has increased significantly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the effluents of these fields on some of the river water quality factors.

In this study, five sampling stations of 3 rainbow trout ponds were selected for seasonal water sampling in 1396 seasonally with 3 replications, 12 water quality parameters including dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform, pH, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, temperature, organic phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, turbidity, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. Then, fixed effects of data were analyzed using significant test and water quality was evaluated according to IRWQISC.

The results show that the water of Mohammadabad Katoul basin is of medium to relatively good quality. The best water quality in autumn with numerical value of 70.5 and the worst water quality in summer with numerical value of 43.3. The reasons for the relatively poor water quality in summer can be attributed to the high activity of the effluent from the fish ponds, such as reduced river discharge, as well as increased recreational activities in the river, agricultural effluents, rural wastewater discharge, and high livestock density. Area noted.

In all seasons, water quality was higher than that of other stations during station 1 sampling prior to fish farming. According to the obtained index, it can be generally concluded that river water quality is suitable due to aquaculture activities.

This study was conducted to evaluate water quality impacts on phytoplankton community and nutritional status of the Gomishan shrimp ponds. During the breeding season (May-October 2016), water was sampled using one-liter dark bottles from 6 ponds and in each pond, three stations, near the entrance, the middle and near the outlet. At the sampling site, some physical and chemical factors of water were measured and recorded, including: temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity and EC. Water Samples were transferred to the laboratory for measuring nitrate and phosphate, as well as the identification and counting of phytoplankton. Total of 23 genus belonging to 6 phylum recorded for the ponds. Bacilloriophyta and Dinophyta phylums dominated the phytoplankton community in June. There was a significant difference in phytoplankton phylum abundance among months of study period (P<0.05). The results showed that all recorded environmental factors were in an optimal range, while DO and salinity variations were considerable. Pearsons test analysis revealed that there is significant correlation between phytoplankton abundant and environmental factors in the study period.

This study was performed to improve the physiological responses of rainbow trout to chronic stress of ammonia, as an inhibiting factor in recirculating aquaculture system, by using dietary antioxidant. 150 fish (initial mean weight of 8.4±0.84 g) were investigated in five treatments, each with three replicates for 60 days including fish fed with no supplemented food without ammonia exposure (C-), without supplemented food but with ammonia exposure (C+), with supplementation of vitamin E and ammonia exposure, with supplementation of nano-selenium and ammonia exposure (Se) and with supplementation of combined vitamin E and nano-selenium with ammonia exposure (E+Se). After 30 days of feeding with supplements, the fish were exposed to the ammonia (NH4OH: 0.2 ppm) for 30 days. Growth and hematological parameters were studied at days of 44 and 60. Results showed that feeding fishes with E+Se increased the growth parameters and reduced plasma ammonia compared to other treatments. Fish fed with E+Se had the highest RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels while WBC was not significant compared to C- group. These results indicated the synergistic effects of dietary E+Se supplement in rainbow trout fish, it could compensate the imposed damaged by ammonia pollutions.

The effect of different levels of water alkalinity on growth and reproductive indices of Artemia franciscana was investigated in biofloc culturing system. First, different levels of alkalinity (75, 150, 225, and 300 mg/l calcium carbonate) were provided in biofloc-based conditions; and then the best alkalinity level (in terms of nutrients contents and biofloc production volume) was investigated on the growth and reproductive indices of Artemia in two treatments containing the control group (Artemia grown in green water- mainly containing Dunaliella salina) and biofloc group. Biofloc production volume was significantly higher in 150 mg/l compared to other treatments (p<0.05). Also, the protein content of biofloc mass was higher in 150 mg/l, and was significantly higher than 75 mg/l (p<0.05). Total ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, BOD, and TSS in biofloc treatment showed higher values than algal treatment. By increasing the water alkalinity, total hardness, total nitrogen, nitrite, and nitrate increased significantly in biofloc group (p<0.05). The ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids, and also the eicosapentaenoic to dicosahexanoic acid ratio in algal treatment were significantly higher than that of biofloc group (p<0.05). Accordingly, the alkalinity of 150 mg/l was proposed as the best alkali level for biofloc production. Considering the quantitative and qualitative characteristics, 150 mg/l alkalinity was recommended as the best level of alkalinity for biofloc production. At the end of the culture period, the comparison of growth rate and reproductive indices of Artemia in two groups showed that, despite no significant differences between groups, Artemia fed on algae indicated relatively better reproductive indices with respect to spawning frequency and total number of births (total length: 52.9, spawning frequency: 4, total number of births: 182.82 in algal treatment versus total length of 42.9, spawning frequency: 3.6 and total number of births: 130.66 in biofloc treatment). The survival rate, the time required for sexual maturation, and the ratio of cyst per nauplii production were higher in the biofolc group (survival rate: 80.2, the duration of sexual maturation (day): 18.8 and the ratio of cyst to nauplii production: 66.6% in biofloc treatment versus survival: 78.4, the duration of sexual maturation (day): 18.2 and the ratio of cyst to nauplii production: 56.4 in algal treatment). Based on the results, feeding Artemia with biofloc feed instead of algae is possible for the growth and mass production of Artemia on small-scale culture systems.

The aim of this studieswas to investigate the effect of tow commercial prebiotic including a-Max ultra and liquid Celmanax in biofloc technology (BFT) based systems on water quality parameters, growth performance, feeding efficiency and carcass composition of Cyprinus carpio fry. For these porpoise, a number of 240 C. carp fry with initial mean weight 4.09±0.70 g (±SD) in a completely randomized design was carried out with inoculation of 0.1 and 0.2 ml each of the prebiotics per liters of biofloc system and a control that was devoid of any substance for 40 days. At the end of experiments, a significant difference was observed in water quality parameters in the treatments of biofloc systems (P>0.05). Measurements of growth parameters including: final weight, final length, velocity of weight, velocity of length, protein efficiency ratio, lipid efficiency ratio and feed conversion efficiency had a significant differences with control group (P<0.05). Maximum of carcass crude protein (66.61%) and minimum of crude lipid (17.89%) was shown in a biofloc system with inoculation of 0.2 ml/liter of liquid Celmanax. The protein and lipid efficiency ratio had a significantly increased in experimental prebiotic treatments (P<0.05). In conclusion, the result of these study indicated that the used of A-Max Ultra and liquid Celmanax prebiotics via inoculation into water system of common carp rearing in a biofloc system had a positive effects on water quality parameters, growth performance, feeding efficiency and carcasses composition in this species.

This study conducted to study some biological traits of Carassius gibelio in Golestan dam and Voshmgir dam  from February to September 2015. During the study, 247 specimens from Golestan dam and 208 specimens from Voshmgir dam were sampled using small beach seine. The sex ratio of fish caught from Golestan dam to 1:10/23 and  the sex ratio of fish caught from the dam Voshmgir1: 10/56. The highest average gonadosomatic index (GSI) in Golestan dam for female to male June and May, respectively, were observed for females and males respectively 12/20 and 3/28 in the dam area Voshmgir for both female and male was observed on June 11/15 and 2/93 respectively for females and males respectively. The maximum total length and weight of Golestan dam area for females and males respectively 196/00 mm, 141/35 gr and 156/00 mm, 52/42 gr and in the dam area Voshmgir for females respectively 240/00 mm, 280/60 gr and for males was 00/179 mm, 81/75 gr. Minimum, maximum and mean absolute fecundity in Golestan dam with 327/71 respectively, 83134/09 and 13272/67 and in the dam area Voshmgir 4857/82, 430416/00 and 65270/02 and minimum, maximum and average were Relative fecundity (eggs per kg body weight) respectively in Golestan dam with 147/93, 5432/02 and 1002/48 and in the dam area Voshmgir respectively, with 100/94,  10722/34 and 1283/99 respectively. The mean diameter of 0/64 mm eggs in Golestan dam and from 0/11 to 1/39 and 0/62 mm and 0/13 to 1/11 Voshmgir dam area was variable.

In this study, age and growth parameters of Prussian carp Carassius gibelio were examined using 222 specimens from the Boostan dam lake and 238 specimens from the Alakoli reservoir. Sampling was carried out monthly from February to September 2015. The ratio was 1:0.13 and 1:0.09 in the study population of Boostan Dam Lake and Alakoli reservoir, respectively. Age determination by scales showed six age groups (1+-6+) for females and three age groups (1+-3+) for males in the Bostan Dam Lake and five age groups (1+-5+) for females and four age groups 1+, 2+, 4+ and 5+ for males in the Alakoli reservoir. The total size distribution varied from 3.3 to 20.6 cm in length and 0.83 to 141.12 g in weight and from 4.3 to 19/6 cm in length and 1.67 to 114.65 g in weight in the Boostan dam lake and Alakoli reservoir respectively. The growth pattern was isometric in males and negative allometric for both females and population in the Boostan Dam Lake and isometric in males and positive allometric for both females and population in the Alakoli reservoir. The parameters of von Bertalanffy growth fit the mean observed total lengths-at-age for each sex separately and were estimated as (L∞= 574.17 cm, k = 0.07 year -1, t0= -0.10 year for females, L∞= 338.43 cm, k = 0.15 year-1, t0= -1.04 year for males, and as L∞= 299.06 cm, k = 0.18 year -1, t0= -0.34 year for combined sexes in the Boostan dam, L∞= 4344 cm, k = 0.01 year -1, t0= -0.12 year for females, L∞= 3177 cm, k = 0.01 year-1, t0= -0.18 year for males, and as L∞= 2526.15 cm, k = 0.04 year -1, t0= -0.40 year for combined sexes in the Alakoli reservoir. The instantaneous growth rate was 1+-2+ ages for population in both regions. Condition factor showed that in the Boostan Dam Lake, the highest value was observed in June and August for females and the lowest in March for males and in the Alakoli reservoir, the highest condition factor was in May for females and the lowest in May for males. This results showed that these values differ in our study with other studies in this field that can be attributed to environmental differences.

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