mohammad hosein sadeghi

 Critical thinking refers to a discipline that enables students to deal with social, scientific, and practical problems effectively. This study aimed to compare the critical thinking skills of first-year and fourth-year dentistry, civil engineering and law students.

Methods and Materials:

 This research was conducted from January 2021 to 2022. Dental students were recruited form Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Civil engineering and law students were recruited from Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. All participants were either first-year or fourth-year students. Students were enrolled by a census sampling method. The Persian version of the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) questionnaire was used for data collection. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire have been previously confirmed. The complete score for this questionnaire is a maximum of 34. The first part of the questionnaire inquired about the demographic information of students. Participants were asked to complete the web-based questionnaire anonymously. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21 employing statistical tests such as one-way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey, and T-test. The significance level for all analyses was set at 0.05.

The online CCTST questionnaire was distributed among a total of 470 students and completed by 148 (31.4% response rate). Participants acquired an overall mean score of 11.73 ± 3.89. Dentistry students exhibited a significantly higher score than the civil engineering (P<0/001) and law students (P=%24) (13.09 ± 0.46 versus 11.29 ± 0.54 and 10.19 ± 0.49, respectively). The total score of first-year and fourth-year dentistry students was not significantly different.

 The present study showed that the level of critical thinking skills of dentistry, civil engineering, and law students was suboptimal. This problem shows that certain educational practices need to be reviewed, and more attention should be paid to training human and conceptual skills as part of education planning.

In this article, the effect of creating a surface pattern on the expression of cutting has been studied. More precisely, the effect of the texture created by laser engraving on the values of machining forces was investigated in different states, and these tests were performed both in the presence of lubricant and in its absence. The parameters of depth, pitch, texture diameter and distance from Cutting edges were considered as tool texture parameters. A total of 9 experiments were conducted using the Taguchi test design method. Lubrication in both textured and non-textured tools reduced the machining force by 30-35%. In the end, the machining forces obtained from the test were compared with textured and non-textured tools in the presence of lubricant, and it was observed that due to texturing of the tool, the machining force decreased by about 28%.

Most of the complications after heart surgery are related to immobility. Early mobilization helps prevent these problems from occurring. Despite the awareness of the importance of early mobilization, its implementation rate is still low due to the presence of many obstacles. Appreciative inquiry has been introduced as a key strategy for creating change. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the implementation of an appreciative inquiry strategy on the quality of early mobilization.

This clinical trial research was conducted in Tehran Jamaran Hospital on 98 patients undergoing open heart surgery in 1401. The sampling method was purpose-based based on the inclusion criteria. The quality of early mobilization of the patients was evaluated using a researcher-made checklist, which was validated. The intervention in the test group was carried out in the form of focused group discussions of four people regarding the strategy of appreciative inquiry for the implementation of Early mobilization of patients. The leaders of the open-heart intensive care unit, including the head of the department, his deputy, and the heads of the shifts participated in the discussions. The results were analyzed by statistical software SPSS version 22 using independent t, Mann-Whitney, and chi-square tests and analysis of variance.

The findings showed that the patients of the two test and control groups had no significant differences in terms of demographic characteristics, surgery characteristics, history of smoking and drug use, and underlying diseases. The results of checking the checklist scores using chi-square test showed that with the implementation of the Appreciative inquiry strategy among department leaders, the average score of the checklist for the quality of the implementation of the Early mobilization process went from 8/4 (±1/4) in the control group to 11/6 (±1/4) in the test group (P<0.001).

This study showed that the implementation of the appreciative inquiry strategy is effective in changing the approach of nurses regarding early mobilization and consequently creating a positive change for the implementation of this process. Considering the need to change the approach in different areas of nursing, including early mobilization, it is recommended This strategy can be used in nursing with the aim of creating positive changes.

Considering that the basis of principles and techniques of nursing knowledge is based on nursing theories and theories and the provision of effective nursing care for patients. In this study, we have examine the application of nursing theories in the clinic based on the hybrid model.

In this study, concept analysis was performed by hybrid method in three stages. In the theoretical stage, a systematic review using the PRISMA protocol by searching the scientific databases with the keywords of application of nursing, clinical, the field of study, systematic review. Finally, 19 articles were reviewed. In the field work phase, interviews with 6 people were conducted. Experts in the field were interviewed, interviews were recorded and content was analyzed, and in the third stage, the results of the previous two stages were merged.

Results showed that the, management problems and resources, high expectations of theories from nurses and inconsistency of the theory With clinical environment, complexity and non-applicability of theories, time consuming and costly implementation of theories, are one of the most important factors in the lack of acceptance and application of nursing theories in the clinic by nurses.

This study showed that by recognizing the obstacles and problems in applying theories in the clinic such as universities, hospitals and educational environments, existing gaps and gaps can be reduced and a suitable space for nurses to apply theories in the clinic and increase Provided safety and patient satisfaction.

Staff training is one of the priorities of any organization. Therefore, reviewing and knowing the results and efficiency of staff training is a requirement of the training process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of radiation protection training courses for medical and industrial centers It was November of 1399.

Method of research: 

The present study is descriptive-survey in terms of method and applied in terms of research purpose. For this purpose, 76 participants in the program have been studied. Data related to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the training course were held and also the components of the Kirk Patrick evaluation model were collected. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including t-tests were used to analyze the data.

The results show that radiation protection courses held by the Radiation Research Center of Shiraz University have been effective in both levels of reaction and learning and also these courses have been able to provide employee satisfaction.

Finally, it can be said that the participants in the training courses in general, have evaluated the effectiveness of the training courses at a desirable level and the mentioned trainings have increased knowledge and skills.

The novel coronavirus that swept the world into a pandemic in 2019 has affected many aspects of health care. COVID-19 has infected about 263 million people across the globe and led to the death of 5.2 million people. Its impact on various organs is still vague and requires further research. The increase in hospital visits and administrations has accordingly increased exposure and risk of obtaining the coronavirus. Patients previously hospitalized and being treated with immunosuppressants tend to be very susceptible to serious respiratory infections from the novel virus. Amongst the diseases that require hospitalization are ulcerative colitis and appendicitis. Hospitalization from such diseases inevitably increases the risk and exposure to COVID -19 infection. This study analyzed the management and procedures taken in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, the effects of the pandemic on the pediatric ward and admitted children were also discussed and compared.

The long-half-life Cobalt-60 source with high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy is an appropriate alternative to Iridium-192 (HDR) source in the treatment of GYN patients in developing countries. This study aimed to compare HDR cervical cancer treatment duration using Cobalt-60 and Iridium-192 sources for the Tandem-ovoid applicators.

In the present study, BEBIG Cobalt-60 source model Co0.A86 and Iridium-192 source model mHDR-v2r were utilized. The treatment time required for both radionuclides was calculated using the TG-43 formalism. To calculate the treatment time for the Iridium source, the absorbed dose was used in the TG-43 formalism and treatment data. Then the dwell times were determined after repeating the calculations with Cobalt-60. Finally, the comparison was made for the treatment duration for the two sources.

According to our findings, the treatment time for the cobalt source with the activity of 2.131 Ci is somehow the same as that of the iridium source with the activity of 5.690 Ci. If the maximum treatment duration is supposed to be 16 minutes in a treatment session, the effective time window for Iridium-192 is about 160 days. This is, however, the effective time window is 2000 days for Cobalt-60.

According to the findings, the use of Cobalt-60 instead of Iridium-192 is economically beneficial for equipment selection in newly constructed departments. Changes in the activities of Cobalt-60 in comparison with Iridium-192 requires editing the total treatment time of the treatment planning system for patients. Such editing may raise errors and reduce accuracy.

Laser cladding is one of modification surface approaches which can lead to surface with an appropriate mechanical characteristics like high wear resistance, high resistance from oxidation in high temperature. The aim of this process is cladding one composite, ceramic or metal layer on the substratum. It should be noted that regardless of cladding process parameters, the type of material cladding layer is one of critical parameters which affects on mechanical characteristic in this process. In this research, cladding of composite powder TiC/316LSS with certain volume percentage (TiC/316LSS) 5, 10, 15 on steel 316LSS by using laser type Nd:YAG is investigated. Output parameters include the value of porosity in cladding, the value of transverse crack and the value of dilution of cladding. With designing experiment and analyzing output results by using CCD approach, the effect of input process parameters on the quality of cladding surface is investigated. In addition, by obtaining optimized value of input process parameters for creating cladding surface with lowest value of porosity and crack, cladding surface with hardness of 660 HV 0.1 is achieved, which is 4 times harder than substratum with hardness of 150 HV 0.1.

In this study, the artificial intelligence (AI) techniques used for the detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the chest x-ray were reviewed.

PubMed, arXiv, and Google Scholar were used to search for AI studies.

A total of 20 papers were extracted from Google Scholar, 14 from arXiv, and 5 from PubMed. In 17 papers, publicly available datasets and in 3 papers, independent datasets were used. 10 papers disclosed source codes. Nine papers were about creating a novel AI software, 8 papers reported the modification of the existing AI models, and 3 compared the performance of the existing AI software programs. All papers have used deep learning as AI technique. Most papers reported accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of the models, and also the area under the curve (AUC) for investigation of the model performance for the prediction of COVID-19. Nine papers reported accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The number of datasets used in the studies ranged from 50 to 94323. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the models ranged from 0.88 to 0.98, 0.80 to 1.00, and 0.70 to 1.00, respectively.

The studies revealed that AI can help human in fighting the new Coronavirus.

Radium-226 is a radioactive element, with a very long half-life of 1600 years, producing radon gas. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, radon gas is the second most important factor causing lung cancer.

The purpose of this study was to separate 226Ra from the soil of high background radiation area by a radiochemical method for using in radon calibration chamber.

226Ra can be used in standard calibration chambers for calibration of radon detection systems. For this purpose, radiochemical method was used to extract radium from the soil with a high concentration of 226Ra. Four soil samples used in this study were selected from high background radiation areas of Ramsar, north of Iran. Equal amounts of samples were gathered from each region and ground. The specific activity of radium-226 was measured with HPGe detector. The highest specific activity of radium-226 (44.8 Bq/g) belonged to Talesh-Mahaleh. After radiochemical separation of 226Ra, the specific activity of extracted radium crystals was measured with the HPGe detector.

According to the results, the specific activity of 226Ra was found to be 94.97 Bq/g. Therefore, the specific activity of 226Ra was 2.12 times greater in the extracted crystals than in the original soil samples.

The results indicate that using the radiochemical method proposed in this study, 226Ra can be extracted with an efficiency of 42%.

Micromilling is one of the main manufacturing processes of creating miniaturized parts which are highly demanded in many industries nowadays. Like any other machining processes, cutting fluids are used for cooling and lubricating during micromilling while it can be challenging due to small cutting zone. In this study, the effects of different cooling and lubricating systems such as dry cutting, wet condition and MQL systems are investigated on such characteristics as surface quality and wear of the micro tool. In case of the MQL, two methods of single-nozzle and bi-nozzle spraying systems are applied and their effects on such characteristics are compared to each other. Machining tests are carried out using a two-flute micro cutter with diameter of 0.8 mm on a titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Results show that the MQL is significantly effective on the both cooling and lubricating whereas wet application has no effect on the cooling. Finally, using MQL applications results in lower tool wear and better surface finish compared to those of the dry and wet conditions hence the one with two-nozzle is more advantageous in micro end-milling of this alloy.

Application of WC-10Co-4Cr coating deposited by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) has been significantly developed in key parts of various industries, nowadays. These coatings are ground to achieve the desired surface roughness. In this study, the residual stress of as-sprayed and ground coating was determined by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique using sin2 method and finite element method(FEM). In the experimental evaluation, the chemical layer removal process was used to measure the through thickness residual stress. In the finite element analysis of the grinding process, the temperature distribution of workpiece is initially obtained by applying the thermal flux from the grinding process. Then the workpiece cools until it reaches the ambient temperature. The temperature history of thermal analysis is applied to the stress analysis and the final distribution of residual stress is determined by applying grinding forces and residual stress caused by the HVOF process. The results showed that there was a good agreement between the experimental and simulation results and after the grinding process, the value of compressive residual stress of coating surface increases was increased. Also, in the experimental and simulation investigation, the increase in compressive residual stress compared with the pre-grinding was up to 100 μm and 120 μm, respectively. There is no increase in compressive residual stress in the higher depth of coating and also in the interface of the coating and substrate.

Good governance theory has seriously impacted upon administrative law as satisfying requirements of good and merit governance and proper time governance proceeds to offer utilities as efficient and effective. On the other side, the main crisis management issue which is considered as today governments’ administrative and public activities is efficiency of crisis management institutes. Thus, adapting good governance components especially efficiency component of the theory with principles proves to be necessary for the qualification of crisis management organization in Iran administration and legal system. In response to the question that what is the relationship between these principles and good governance components; it seems that rules could have properly organize the principles to ensure maximum efficiency of crisis management due to insufficient experience in forming crisis management coordinating organizations.

Application of WC-10Co-4Cr coating deposited by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) has been widely developed for its high wear and corrosion resistance. The residual stresses created during the coating deposition process greatly effects the wear resistance and the adherence of coating to the substrate. In this study, the residual stress of coating was determined by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique using sin2 method and finite element method(FEM). In the experimental evaluation, the chemical layer removal process was used to measure the through thickness residual stress. In the finite element method, the impingement of the WC-10Co-4Cr particle on substrate was studied. Afterwards, the results from the impingement analysis are subsequently utilized as an input data in thermomechanical model to develop the residual stress of as-sprayed coating. The results showed that there was a good agreement between the experimental and simulation results. Final surface residual stress of WC-10Co-4Cr coating was compressive. The value of residual stress was increased with the greater thickness of coating. These compressive stresses reached to maximum compressive stress at the coating-substrate interface. Simulation results showed that the distribution of stress in the coating, except for the edges of the sample, was uniform. Residual stress on the edge of the sample had a tensile stress concentration in the interface of the coating and substrate which was prone to cracks, separations and defects of coating.

Application of cermet coating deposited by High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) has received considerable attention in a variety of industries, nowadays. Since the surface roughness of carbide coatings is higher than the permissible limits under specific conditions, finishing the coated surface by grinding is essential in order to achieve the desired roughness. The present study investigates the effect of simultaneous changes in the grinding parameters including depth of cut, feedrate and cutting speed on the adhesion and cohesion strength of WC-10Co-4Cr coating by HVOF. A full factorial design of experiment was selected for experimental planning and the analysis of variance was employed to find the significant grinding parameters, for the first time. The adhesive and cohesive properties were measured using fracture toughness with Vickers’ Indentation Test. The results showed that adhesion and cohesion strength of WC-10Co-4Cr coating increased after grinding process, and they increased with the increase of the depth of cut and feedrate and the decrease of the cutting speed. The most influencing parameters were the depth of cut, feedrate and cutting speed respectively. At the end of the current study, the relation between the grinding parameters and adhesive and cohesive propertieshas been modeled using regression analysis.

Nowadays, emerging more advanced computer systems made it possible to simulate and model complex problems even with higher accuracy. Regarding lower time and cost, the use of simulations instead of physical experiments is increasingly considered as an alternative method in the analysis and optimization of process performance. The importance of such methods becomes more significant when talking about micro-processes, since there are lots of difficulties in experimental measurements as a results of scaling problems by scaling down from macro to micro. In this study, a 3D model is developed using Deform-3D software for prediction of micromilling process behavior. Effects of cutting parameters on such characteristics as cutting forces, temperature distribution and tool wear are investigated. To check the validity of the model, force results of simulation are compared with the measured ones. A high level of correlation exists between the obtained simulation and measured results which shows that the 3D developed model has good capability to predict process behavior.

In the early 10th/16th century, with the formation of the Shiite-Safavid government, political equations in Western Asia collapsed. The religious difference between the Safavids and the Ottomans, dissatisfaction of the Ottoman government's with the formation of a strong government in the east of its territory, the religious propaganda of the Safavids in the Ottoman territory, the Ottoman claims to the dominance of the Islamic world, and the political disagreements between the two states, inevitably led to a confrontation between the Ottomans and the Safavids. During the years 907-1003 AH / 1501-1594, the policy of the Ottoman government against the Safavids was supporting of the Sufi orders who were in line with the Ottomans and a direct military confrontation with the Safavids. The Ottoman Sultans and the Ulamas noticed the danger that threatened their place by safavids and confronted this threat. The Ottoman state during the reign of Sultan Bayezid II, wrote several letters to the Shah Ismail, requesting the suspension of religious propaganda in the Ottoman territory, and then supporting the Sufi orders who were not in line with the Safavids. At the time of Sultan Salim I, along with the support of the Sufi orders who were in line with the Ottomans, and using the Ottoman Ulamas’ Fatwas, direct military confrontation with the Safavids was also on the agenda. Thus, Sultan Selim managed to eliminate the crisis that threatened his kingdom. Sultan Salim's policy against the Safavids continued during his successors.

In this study, 3D 8inite element simulation of reaming process has been carried out on the hard steel. The cutting parameters in the simulation process were selected based on the optimum experimental results which lead to the smaller cutting forces, lower vibration of the reaming tool and better surface quality. This simulation was used to predict cutting forces as one of the most important reaming output variables. Simulation of material removal process was performed by commercial finite element software SFTC DEFORM-3D and using the explicit Lagrangian code. In addition, some empirical experiments were done on the hardened D2 tool steel workpieces to 8ind the optimum reaming condition and validation of finite element model. Cutting parameters including feed rate and cutting speed were changed and cutting forces were measured, experimentally. The results showed that the numerical results have a good consistency with the experimental one and average difference of 10% was seen. Finally, the effect of input parameters on the cutting force at the simulation and experimental test were investigated. It was seen that the cutting forces error is reduced between two analyses by increasing the feed rate. This indicates that the meshes with higher quality and density are required in lower removal rate.

Blade forging is an intricate process due to complicated geometry، high dimensional accuracy، complicated material flow، varying and sometimes very thin thicknesses. As a powerful tool، numerical simulation is used in different steps of designing process. Mechanical properties (stress-strain curves) of the material and friction factor of contact surface are of the most important inputs of the simulation. Thus، cylinder and ring compression experiments were conducted to obtain these inputs for Al-2024 used in forging of 202 MVA Siemens generator fan blade. Because of high costs of blade forging and suitability of cylinder side-pressing this experiments were used to evaluate the compression tests and simulations. Good accordance was observed between simulation and experiment. Final forging die cavity and then preforms needed to produce a sound part are modeled. Designed preforming steps include extrusion، bending and upsetting. Blade final forging step was simulated in different temperatures of die and workpiece and strain rates and the optimum condition was determined.