فهرست مطالب mohammad hossein razi

The authors have been informed of an error that occurred on page 657 in which the IRCT code has been entered incorrectly, which should be corrected as: "IRCT2012091310328N3". On behalf of the author, the publisher wishes to apologize for this error. The online version of article has been updated on 12 April 2021 and can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v17i12.5801

Since cytokines in follicular fluid play an important role in ovulation and oocyte maturation, they also have an essential role in reproductive processes such as fertilization, early embryonic development, and implantation potential. The present study was performed aimed to evaluate the effect of these cytokines on oocyte maturation and embryo quality during assisted reproductive therapy (ART) and pregnancy outcomes of primary infertile women.

This case-control study was performed in 2020 on 44 infertile women undergoing ART in Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute. The relationship between the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in follicular fluid of each patient was assessed by Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay. The results were statistically analyzed by demographic and embryological variables of patients. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and non-parametric statistical tests. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The total fertilization rate in patients was 62.7%, the total oocyte maturation rate was 78.6% and the total pregnancy rate was 22%.There was a positive significant correlation between IL-6 concentration and fertilization rate (P = 0.04), but no significant correlation was found between the concentration of other studied cytokines with patients' age and BMI, oocyte maturation and fertilization rate and embryo quality (P≥0.05).

In the present study, there was no relationship between the concentrations of cytokines IL-6, IL-12, TGF-ß and TNF-α in the follicular fluid of infertile women with oocyte maturation, embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes. More extensive studies with more samples are suggested to validate the results.

Some women represent the inability to respond to endogenous and exogenous gonadotropins during in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles leading to the follicular developmental arrest. The women with resistant ovaries could benefit from in vitro maturation.

Case report: 

This case-series presents pregnancies resulting from initially scheduled conventional in vitro fertilization which led to arrested cycles because of resistant ovary syndrome. The protocol was changed to early oocyte triggering for 15 women due to the small follicles ≤ 12 mm in diameter on day 15 after stimulation with high doses of exogenous gonadotrophins instead of cycle cancellation. Germinal vesicle and metaphaseI oocytes that were retrieved from follicles were matured in vitro and inseminated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Twenty formed embryos were transferred on day 3 after oocyte retrieval. This resulted in a 30.76% chemical pregnancy out of which no abortion occurred. Therefore, we reported a 30.76% singleton ongoing pregnancy.

It seems that early oocyte triggering followed by in vitro maturation may be considered as a good modality in women experiencing follicular resistance to gonadotropins. These cycles can be rescued from cancellation with satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Using blood-based biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs) may allow particularly effective and minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis.

We evaluated the differential expression of circulating miRNA-185-5p (miR-185-5p), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) target genes between endometriosis and healthy women.

25 women with a history of endometriosis (grad III-IV) diagnosed by laparoscopy as the case group and 25 women  without endometriosis underwent laparoscopy for ovarian cysts or pelvic pain as the control group were enrolled in this case-control study. Blood samples were obtained, and total RNA was used for high-throughput small RNA sequencing, and this was confirmed by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

miRNA expression profiling using non-coding RNA sequencing revealed that one miRNA including miR-185-5p was significantly down-regulated in the case group compared with the controls. The qRT-PCR results showed significant downregulation of the expression level of miR-185-5p (p < 0.01) in the plasma of the case group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the area of miR-185-5p under the ROC curve for endometriosis diagnosis was 0.919 (p < 0.001). The RT-PCR results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the expression of VEGF and PDGF mRNA of blood samples in the cases compared to the control group (PDGF, p = 0.09 and VEGF, p = 0.36).

The low expression of miR-185-5p in the plasma of women with endometriosis could be employed as an important non-invasive biomarker for early detection and screening of endometriosis by blood samples.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature death in the 21st century. Dietary factors, such as high salt intake, are related to increased risk of CVDs{Akpolat, 2009 #21}. One of the main sources of dietary salt is bread. On the other hand, salt content is a quality indicator of bread. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the salt content in a variety of consumed breads in Yazd city, Iran. This study was a cross sectional research conducted in Yazd. The list of the bakeries obtained from their industry office. Ten percent of about 600 bakeries in Yazd (62 bakeries; 2 samples in each bakery) were selected using simple random sampling based on sample frame of ID number of each bakery. Finally, 9 types of bread included in this study. Sodium content was measured using flame photometer method. Salt content in breads was reported in each 100 g bread. It was found that Nan-Taftoon Tanuri is the most popular bread among traditional breads in Yazd (45.2%). It had significantly more salt than Nan-Fantezi and Nan-Sangak (P < 0.02). Also, Nan-Sangak had the least salt among traditional breads. However, the mean salt of traditional breads was more than the standard level (1g salt/100g bread (P < 0.0001). The current study showed that the mean salt content of traditional breads was significantly more than the standard level. Furthermore, Nan-TaftoonTanuri had significantly more salt than others, such as Nan-Fantezi and Nan-Sangak

Implantation is one of the essential steps for the success of assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Their success depends on three main factors: embryo quality, endometrial receptivity (ER), and synchrony between embryo and endometrium. There are various factors that regulate the complex process of implantation. In this regard, one may refer to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as the most important factor.

This study aims to investigate the effect of intrauterine hCG injection before embryo transfer (ET) on pregnancy outcome in infertile couples.

A total of 159 patients undergone In vitro Fertilization/ Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (IVF/ICSI) with an antagonist protocol were evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups (n=53). Group 1 received 500 IU of hCG, group 2 received 1000 IU of hCG intrauterine injection before ET, and the control group underwent ET without hCG preceding intrauterine injection.

There was no significant difference among the groups. The implantation rates were 18.86%, 13.52%, and 14.37%, chemical pregnancy rates were 34%, 32.1%, and 35.3%, and clinical pregnancy rates were 34%, 32.1%, and 31.4% respectively.

The pregnancy outcome in IVF/ICSI /ET cycles cannot be improved through hCG intrauterine injections before ET.

Based on classical two-cell, two-gonadotropin theory, in the follicle, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) put on their main effects on the granulosa and theca cells. LH is essential for androgens production. Androgens are used for estradiol production by granulosa cells. Profound suppression of LH concentrations in some normogonadotropic patients can cause several adverse effects. The main clinical purpose of this study was that normoresponder women treated with controlled ovarian super ovulation for IVF or ICSI may benefit from co-administration of rLH. 40 patients who were candidates for assisted reproductive technology (ART) were randomly selected. In all patients long luteal protocol was used for ovulation induction. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=20) with standard long protocol (GnRH agonist) and r-FSH alone, Group 2 (n=20) with standard long protocol (GnRH agonist) and r-FSH with r-LH. Results were statistically analyzed and compared in two groups. The number of retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes, cleaved embryos, transferred embryos, estradiol levels in Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration day, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate in group 2 were higher but not significantly different. Administration of rLH in late follicular phase had no beneficial effect on outcomes in young women with mean age of 31 years. Maybe a greater sample size should be used to see the effects more accurately; also it is possible that rLH will be useful in older patients.

Routine use of assisted hatching (AH) following ICSI is a controversial issue in the literature. There are rare studies regarding the effect of laser assisted hatching (LAH) on live birth rate. Our main goal was to evaluate the effect of LAH on delivery rate as well as congenital anomaly in patients undergoing their first ICSI cycle. A total of 182 patients subjected to ICSI were randomly aliquot into two groups of experiment and control. In experiment group, the embryos were subjected to LAH to open a hole in ZP (about 10-12 μm) while in control group, the transferred embryos were intact with no AH. The patients were followed for clinical pregnancy and delivery rate as well as congenital anomaly. All the patients were infertile due to male factor infertility and LAH and embryo transfer were done on day 2. Laboratory and clinical characteristics of two groups of experiment and control were the same. There were insignificant differences between two groups of experiment and control for clinical pregnancy rate (20% vs. 23.9%, respectively, p=0.3) and live birth rate (11.11% vs. 8.6%, respectively, p=0.6). Also no significant differences were observed between two groups of experiment and control for multiple pregnancy as well as congenital anomaly. Routine use of LAH in first ICSI cycle for male factor patients may have no beneficial effects on clinical pregnancy and live birth rate.

Recent studies have demonstrated that morphology of the first polar body (1st PB) is related to oocyte viability, which can be used as a prognostic tool to predict oocyte performance and pregnancy outcomes in an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) program. According to some studies, there is a correlation between oocyte performance and 1st PB morphology, while others have not reported any correlation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of 1st PB morphology on rates of fertilization and embryo development in ICSI cases. In this prospective study morphological characteristics of 470 metaphase II (MII) oocytes were assessed in 80 ICSI cycles. The women were ages 21-42 years (mean 32.6 ± 0.2). Their oocytes were retrieved after a hyperstimulation protocol. After denudation, all oocytes were evaluated for 1st PB morphology. The oocytes were divided into two groups of A (normal 1st PB) and B (abnormal fragmented 1st PB). In addition, other abnormalities, such as refractile bodies (RF), wide previtelline space (wPVS), central and general granulation, bull’s eye, vacuole, smooth endoplasmic reticulum cluster (SERc), debris in PVS, shape and dark oocyte were checked. For verifying of fertilization, about 18-19 hours post-ICSI, oocytes were checked for two-pronuclear. Assessments of embryo quality, development and embryo transfer were done at day two. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact and independent sample t tests were chosen for statistical analysis. Twenty-seven percent of oocytes had fragmented 1st PB, while the remainder was associated with other morphological abnormalities. A total of 46.1% and 26.9% of oocytes showed double and multiple defects, respectively. RF was the most common abnormality observed in group B. No significant differences in women’s’ ages between groups A and B were noted (p=0.3). A total of 179 and 107 oocytes (61.5% vs. 59.8%) were fertilized in groups A and B, respectively (p=0.7). The rates of good embryo formation for A and B groups were 66.5% and 55.6% (p=0.07), and cleavage rates were 77.7% and 68.5%, respectively (p=0.09). The data demonstrated that 1st PB morphology does not appear to be a prognostic factor for rates of fertilization and embryo development in ICSI cycles.