mohammad javadi

Turbulence and environmental dynamics along with disruptive innovations have made the issue of initiative strategic change more important for companies. The role of organizational management in initiative strategic change has been the subject of numerous previous studies with scattered results. This study is to conduct a meta-study and categorize the factors introduced by previous research about the role of organizational management in initiative strategic changes. By providing this objective, more and more researchers can face the multi-dimensional phenomenon of change, and executives can better manage change. 

The philosophical basis of the current research is interpretative and its orientation is developmental. Also, the research approach is based on the induction of library studies that pursue descriptive-exploratory goals. To fulfill the purpose of the article, the systematic review method was chosen which is suitable for summarizing and creating a macro map of the research topic. Therefore, for Investigating the Role of Organizational Management in Implementing Initiative Strategic Changes, according to the systematic review protocol, the articles available in the period from 1990 to January 21, 2021, were reviewed. Finally, 57 articles were found to be eligible for review, the content of these 57 articles was carefully studied and the required data was collected. Finally, the thematic analysis method was used to analyze the mentioned data.

The systematic review divided the organization's management into three parts: the board of directors, the CEO, and the senior, middle, and operational management team. The role of the board of directors includes two components: "composition of the board of directors" and "centrality of the board of directors". The CEO's role comprises two components: "CEO's dignity and position in the organization" and "CEO's tendencies and attitudes". Also, based on the findings, the role of the "senior, middle and operational management team of the organization" has three components: "service compensation", "combination of the senior, middle and operational management team" and "dialectical feature of comparison and adaptation". Each of the mentioned components includes indicators that are mentioned in the text of the article. 

The growth and life of any organization depend on ensuring that its managers play the correct role in implementing strategies, especially Initiative strategic changes. This study sought to help organizations with achieving this confidence.  For this purpose, it systematically reviewed the role of organizational management in initiating strategic changes and creating an integrated view of the results of research in this field. Finally, by studying the current research, managers can play their role correctly in facing innovative strategic changes in the competitive world of business and lead their organizations to sustainable superior performance with transformative leadership. Also, the results of this article can be reviewed and criticized by all researchers interested in the field of strategic changes to create a safer path for managers of organizations.

Organizations are quite familiar with the intensive competition, tough and exhausting conditions, and lack of productive opportunities; they generate a new type of environment called a hostile environment. Based on the strategic thought of martyr Hassan Bagheri, the current study presents a model for analyzing the hostile environment. Using the judgmental purposive sampling method, data collection sources were as follows: the books "Meeting in Fakkeh", "Diary: Martyr Hassan Bagheri's Daily Notes", and "Notes: Notes Collection of Martyr Hassan Bagheri". Thematic analysis was applied for data analysis. The following four main themes and their sub-themes were extracted: 1-Visualization sub-themes: training human resources, organization, separation of information (enemy-insider-land), and documentation. 2-Creation sub-themes: map information matching, governance committee (war room or golf), integrated analysis of information, analysis of the curve of competitive intensity and weakness, and fragile rivalry points. 3-Persistence and continuation sub-themes: presenting a strategic plan, strategic decision making at different levels, and strategy implementation in the organization. 4-Organizational context subthemes: injection of perspective, analysis of competition levels, fandoms, and expectations, strategic alliances and collaborations, and convertibility of manpower to an observer and analyst. Afterward, these themes were organized in the form of a three-layer model, consisting of the superstructure layer (hostile environment analysis model), the mid-structure layer (organizational context), and the substructure layer (hostile environment substrate), proposed as a research model to analyze the hostile environment.

several studies have been conducted on the role of organizational design dimensions in strategic changes. The purpose of this research is to study previous researches in the field of the mentioned subject. In order to fulfill the purpose of the article, a systematic review method was selected and according to it, the existing articles in the period 1990 to 2021 were reviewed. Finally, 71 articles were recognized as eligible for review, and the content of these 71 articles was analyzed by content analysis method. Systematic review finally examined the dimensions of organizational design under the four dimensions of "organizational structure", "organizational culture", "organizational resources and capabilities" and "organizational processes and systems"; "organizational structure and organizational culture" has the components of "structural requirements", "deregulation and change of bureaucracy" and "organizational culture and climate", the role of "resources and capabilities of the organization" with the components of "sources of change", "human resources", " Organizational knowledge" and "dynamic and strategic capabilities" and finally the role of "organizational processes and systems" have the components of "control and evaluation", "change management" and "production". Indicators were considered in detail for each of the mentioned components, during this review, four content gaps and two methodological gaps were identified. Content gaps include: "Reductions of the phenomenon of strategic change", "Lack of application of a network perspective on the trend of divergence of power in the organization", "Ambiguous explanation of the role of slack resources in the implementation of strategic changes" and "weak explanation of the role of environmental variables in the implementation of strategic changes"; And methodological gaps include "failure to identify and organize the many variables of mediators and moderators" and "control group disregard "in experimental research.

The purpose of this research is a systematic review of existing articles with the historical approach in decision-making in strategic change, in the period from 1990 to January 21, 2021 were reviewed and finally, by applying the research protocol, 84 articles were selected that determined the role of organizational history dimensions under the five themes: "historical structure of decision-making power", "stages of the organizational life cycle", "identity-making documents", "organizational experience in the decision to change" and "organizational culture"; In this analysis, the role of "historical structure of decision-making power" has the components of "CEO succession process", "CEO independence and support for change", "extent of human and social capital of the board of directors", "depth of human and social capital of the board of directors", "power board of directors" and "supervisory and governance mechanisms", the role of "stages of the organizational life cycle" has the components of "small size", "large size providing change resources", "advantage due to scale", "young age of the organization" and " The stage of introduction and maturity in the life cycle", the role of "historical identity and organizational experience" has the components of "identity vacuum due to change", "formal and informal narratives and orientations encouraging change", "successful change experience", "organization's habit of change" and "the need for change in official speeches, reports and organizational news" and finally the role of "organizational culture" has the components of "predominance of change discourse", "organizational forgetting", "ceremonies, customs, stories and legends in the organization" and It is a "supportive organizational atmosphere".

Considering the central role of motivation in the performance and the pivotal role of performance in the consistency of management systems, the necessity of designing a motivation pattern from the perspective of Islam, which will be the guarantor of the Islamic management, is indisputable. The core of all the various theories of motivation is their perception of the human nature, and the basis of the differences between Western and Islamic motivation theories come from how we define the human being, his needs, and his tendencies. Considering this for this research, characteristics of the human being have been extracted by method of the thematic analysis from the perspective of Islamic anthropology and explained according to the related opinions of shahid Motahari (RA). Consequently, a pattern of relative human tendencies from this point of view have been extracted. This system of relative tendencies, includes what can be described as limited physical worldly tendencies with narrowed scope, limited inward physical tendencies, worldly spiritual tendencies, celestial spiritual eligious tendencies, unlimited spiritual worldly tendencies, and unlimited celestial spiritual tendencies. Finally, the application of the model is explained for each category in terms of organizational culture, control, career management, the nature of the job and the system of rewards and penalties.

Strategic alliance is a common form of collaborate in various business dimensions that aims to maximize the interests of both parties to provide a new capacity resulting from the synergy between companies in different industries. The present study has been formed with the aim of feasibility study of the realization of this issue / problem among tile companies in Meybod. In this study data collect from library studies, lived experience, direct contact and interviews with government officials, managers and staff. In the tile industry as well as questionnaire tools have been used and for data analysis, focus group and expert approval has been used. As a result, a three-dimensional model including "Strategic depth of alliance", "degree of alliance in terms of operational value" and "necessary infrastructure for alliance" was designed and provided to experts in the Meybod tile industry. The research findings at this stage showed that in terms of infrastructure, the main weakness to enter the field of alliance was to pay attention to the issue of strategy among officials, and in terms of degree of alliance, the most basic operational dimension is agreement on product pricing between Meybod tile companies.

In this paper, the cooling system of the air humidifier, which is fully powered by solar energy, is designed and optimized. In this cooling system, the ammonia absorption refrigeration system has been used instead of conventional compression cooling systems. Its design was done in a way that the performance of the system has increased remarkably in the environments with high temperatures. The ammonia absorption refrigeration is completely fed from parabolic solar collectors. The device has been designed in such a way that the fan is positioned at the beginning of the cooling system. Thus, to increase the efficiency of the fan and the system, the optimization of some axial fan characteristics has been performed and verified using simulation and testing. Furthermore, for the improvement of the heat transfer to air, the appropriate location of the heat exchanger inside the air duct channel has been determined by finite element analysis in Ansys CFX software. In the next step, the thermodynamic analysis of the ammonia absorption refrigeration and the amount of energy required for air cooling have been calculated using numerical analysis in EES software. The results indicate that utilizing three solar collectors can provide the energy needed for the cooling system. Therefore, the proposed system can be applied to reduce production costs in various sectors of food industry.

The maturity of Human capital, its impact on performance and organization strategy, and how to assess this concept has been concerned by researchers in recent decades. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the level of human capital maturity in Iran's top 80 manufacturing organizations and to identify the strategic implications for it. For this purpose, Confirmatory Factor Analysis Method, Surveying through the human capital maturity questionnaire and network analysis method has been used. The results of the first method validated the questionnaire's variables, and in a sample of 80 among human resource managers in sample organizations, the questionnaire assessed the level of the human capital maturity as low (the score was almost 54) and finally based on the opinions of 10 human resource experts, the network analysis method prioritized factors affecting human capital maturity in this way: 1-The capacity of Learning capacity, 2-workforce optimization, 3-Knowledge accessibility, 4-Employee engagement, 5-Leadership practices. At last, based on opinions of 10 HRM and strategic management experts, and scores of these organizations, the defensive strategy was suggested based on typology of strategies according miles and snow.

Various motivation management theories originate from the kind of viewpoint into human and his needs. Dealing with motivation from this point of view is important and necessary for theorizing in the field of human motivation and in its application areas, especially in management. According to this point of view, in the research, whose pattern has been extracted by thematic analysis method and confirmed by a sample of 16 specialists of Motahari’s system of thought, while investigating various approaches to Islamic motivation, with a foundational approach the categories of needs and tendency from the perspective of Islamic anthropology and according to Shahid Motahari’s views and thoughts has been explained and finally a six-level pattern of the system of needs and human tendencies from this point of view has been raised. These six levels include vegetative attitudes (desire for food and reproduction), animal attitudes (desire for food and reproduction along with lust and wrath), human attitudes (desire for selfishness), humanity attitudes (such as ethical tendencies and truthfulness), faith attitudes (the desire for perfections in absolute terms) and divine attitudes(the tendency toward nearness to God, or the tendency towards absolute perfection in absolute terms).

Expatriate of specialists from the key strategic industries of the country is one of the main concerns of thinkers and policymakers at the highest levels, which in particular, the country's oil industry has been hit a lot from this type of expatriate. Since attempting to study the dimensions of this issue and trying to reduce the Self-initiated expatriate of specialists from the country is very necessary, in the present study, while conceptualizing and analyzing the dimensions of the Self-initiated expatriate motivators of the country's oil industry with an emphasis on the role And functions of human resources management have been ranked by these factors. Accordingly, after carrying out library studies and designing the final model, validation of the model was carried out (SANJESH) based on the opinion of experts in the field of human resources management and the final questionnaire, drawn up in a paired comparison, was completed by ten oil specialists that expatriated from the country. Based on the results of the questionnaires that analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), among the three factors that effect in motivation - the personality, the type of international occupation and demographic characteristics - the factor of personality as the most important factor and among the four motivational goals -career development, change of life, financial motivation and adventure- factor Career development has top ranked and priority. The issue of policy recommendations for managing the immigration space of specialists in the country has been considered in the final section of the paper.

Regarding the importance and recurrence of the issue of intention in the field of Islamic management, especially in modifying the concept of performance from Islamic viewpoint, this research is intended to study the feedback of this issue in the traditions of the Infallibles in order to determine the precise scope of this Islamic concept. This research follows library method data collection and the thematic analysis for analyzing the data. Due to the fact that a narrative study has been carried out in this research, the researchers tried to use an appropriate method fitting the subject in the collection phase, which is the method of perceiving Hadiths. Eventually, the research findings identified the role of intention in two dimensions of importance, (such as the conditionality of acceptance of action, being parallel or even more important than action), and the roots (including wilayah, heart, sincerity, knowledge, and power of religious induction), and their application in three types (including honesty, goodness, and the necessity of adjustment to the performance, etc.), genetic effects (such as the strength of the body, the effect on nutrition, etc.) and performance evaluation (including two areas of evaluation of the other people, such as the effectiveness and of practice and lack of influence on economic topics, and the evaluation subject to Allah such as Divine reward and punishment.

In this research, the effect of standoff distance and explosive material thickness on metallurgical features of explosive welding connection of copper to 304 stainless steel has been investigated. Experimental analysis were performed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, microhardness test and tensile shear strength test. The results indicated that due to severe plastic deformation in welding, both grain elongation and refinement occurred near the connection. Also, increasing of welding parameters led to an increase in the locally melted zones. The results showed that chemical composition of the melted zone consisted of elements of both flyer and base plates. By decreasing the explosive material thickness and standoff distance, the hardness of copper interface zone decreased from 103.4 HV to 99.8 HV. Moreover, increasing the temperature in stainless steel connection led to decreased hardness. As such, the maximum tensile shear strength of 244 MPa was observed in the sample with 79 mm explosive thickness and 3 mm standoff and the minimum tensile shear strength of about 208 MPa in the sample with 46 mm explosive thickness and 3 mm standoff. By decreasing explosive thickness and standoff, the bond strength decreased, too.

As an analytical type of approach, Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) deals with the emphasis on social practice, identity, power, and ideology built through text and speech in socio-political and educational contexts. Having proposed a theoretical framework, it uncovered all discrepant ways through which power and societal practices are produced in written and spoken texts. Moreover, mingled with text and talk, textbooks play a pivotal role in determining a standard curriculum. To this end, using a mixed-methods design, a questionnaire was applied to compare the perceptions of 103 Iranian EFL teachers of Yasouj, Dehdasht, and Gachsaran English institutes and junior high schools with each other towards the Prospect 1 and Four Corners 1 textbooks. Furthermore, a semi-structured interview was also conducted from 9 teachers. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were applied for analyzing the data. The results revealed that the two textbooks differed in terms of ‘layout’, ‘language type’, and ‘whole aspect’ whereas they were similar in light of ‘activities’, ‘content’, and ‘skills’. Also, findings gained from the interview suggest that the textbooks more or less failed to consistently take the needs of language learners into account. This study might be beneficial to textbook designers and language teachers and learners.

Due to considerable height of the flaring flames, wind speed has siginificant effects on its flame shape and cause consequent damages. In this paper, the effects of wind speed on the flame shape and the temperature distribution of the flare wall are investigated using three-dimensional numerical simulation of turbulent combustion. Results show that at wind speeds higher than 5m/s, the flame lies over the flare wall causing its temperature to increase. Moreover, as the wind speed changes, the position of the maximum temperature point on the flare wall also changes, causing the material to experience fatigue failure.

In mining projects, due to capital constraints and need for high initial investment, prioritizing the investments is one of the most important decisions that should be taken by the managers. Various parameters have effect on this decision which some of them are in conflict with each other. In this study, four parameters have been taken into account as the most important criteria on investment in mining namely initial investment, production cost, profit and staffing . Then, prioritization of investments among the eight mining projects has been modeled. For this purpose, the goal programming method as an efficient multi criteria and objective technique has been used. Owing to the uncertainty in effect of the parameters and for considering the variety of different decision makers, fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process is used to weighting the criteria.

Underground coal mining has always known as one of the most hazardous mining activities. The risk of possible incidents in these mines may cause the irreparable damages such as death or personal injury, damage and loss of equipment or interrupting the production process of mines. For this reason, the risk analysis has a very important role in underground coal mines. Hazards identification is the first step of a risk analysis process. In this research by using a combination of library efficiency and expert judgment, the most important hazards in lonwall coal mining have been identified. The prioritization of identified hazards is done by using fuzzy TOPSIS. For this aim the likelihood, severity and reaction was considering as a main criteria and vulnerability and detection as the sub criteria. The results show that the severity and reaction by weight of 0.416 and 0.293 respectively has the highest and lowest impact on the hazard ranking. The proposed model was used in Tabas longwall coal mine. Results show that the roof fall at the panel face and gates by similarity index of 0.832 and 0.823 is the most important known hazards. Also, the subsidence and flooding by similarity index of 0.492 and 0.482 has the minimum level of similarity index. To determine the sensitivity of the achieved ranking, a sensitivity analysis was conducted. The results show that the proposed model has no sensitivity to the weight of decision criteria.

Population growth and lack of space in some cities increased the need for public transportation and implementation of subway lines. One of the most important hazards in urban area tunneling is the possible effects of the settlement on the surface structures. In this research, the effect of the main geotechnical parameters on the surface settlement has been studied. Literature show that simultaneous analysis of the parameters that affect tunnel behavior is not considered well. For this aim experimental design can be used because of its ability to make changes in input variables (geotechnical parameters) and observe the output (settlement) changes. On the other side use the expert knowledge in a Rock Engineering System is useful in order to make judgment about complex systems. For this reason, this method was also applied in order to achieve research goal. A part of Karaj Metro tunnel Line was modeled by FLAC3D in order to use experimental design. Compare the simulation results with monitoring data indicates the efficiency of numerical model in condition like this. Next, a range and sensitivity analysis was performed by using the Taguchi method. Results show that E and ν, respectively has the highest and the lowest impact on the surface settlement. The output of the rock engineering system is also show that E and ν, respectively has the highest and lowest interaction with other parameters of the interaction matrix.

Fundamental changes in social, economical, and political institutions have caused rapid increase in urban population in recent decades. Unprecedented urbanization and prolonged growth of population not only have created large cities, but also they led to the formation of cities, changes in the size of them and their development in different sizes and shaping of informal settlements, advancing towards existing environmental spaces, natural resources, farmlands, and gardens surrounding them. Therefore, this trend has caused a lot of problems in different dimensions such as housing, unemployment, informal settlements; and inability of urban environments to make the problems due to rapid change such as inharmonious growth of city suburbs and influx of urban land use within that. The population of settlements in Tehran boundary has grown about 200 percent from 1986 to 2006 in Tehran metropolitan region, while in this period Tehran’s population has merely experienced 30 percent growth. As a consequent of these changes on the population, physical transformations have been much more in suburb of the city. This transition caused this area to face with many challenges which show the necessity of planning for Tehran limit line. In this paper, given the fact that urban greenbelt policies has successfully been implemented in different cities around the world, as a kind of planning for the suburbia and the restriction policy of urban growth, greenbelt policy with conservational development approach has considered for this limit boundary. With this in mind, the main aim of this article is to guide and control the growth of Tehran and other cities within its limit line through studying how to create greenbelt and defining a range of permissible operations in this area. Permissible operations in suggested greenbelt are generated through an integrated approach including four factors of conservation, facilities and infrastructures, agriculture and urban. For this aim, two questions are put forth in this research: 1) how can greenbelt be created in the fringe of Tehran metropolis? 2). whether the suggested greenbelt would be effective in guiding and managing the city growth or not? This study methodologically is a descriptive- analytical one. The used method in this research is Delphi together with overlaying spatial layers. In this process, first indicators of permitted functions were rated by Delphi method, then indicators were relocated in spaces and finally spatial layers were over-laid based on the coefficient of importance of indicators, in ARC GIS environment to reveal the zone of the performance in the limit situated in the greenbelt of Tehran metropolis. Analytical model in this research is in fact procedural definition for achieving to a zone entitled greenbelt with four functions including urban, conservation, agriculture, and infrastructure areas in Tehran limit line with the aim of management of urban development. The findings of analysis indicate that north and east zones of Tehran’s limit line, although agricultural acts and gardening are practiced there sporadically, are prior to the conservational and the agricultural functions since they are environmentally qualified; but south part of suburbia in addition to main farming function is suitable for urban and infrastructural developments. In this sense, combination of four performances can be seen in that part. Regarding to that, in suggested greenbelt, prioritization of zoning was based on preservation in conservation and development of agricultural activities. Moreover, suggested areas for urban development do not interfere with the other two and have completely taken into account environmental observations. Also, the degree of changes in the four performances levels in suggested greenbelt and the existing situation were compared. The difference was about 65 and 100 percent growth in the conservation and agriculture levels; while the increase of the level of urban and infrastructure zones was about 25 percent (with preference of the conservation of agricultural and other lands). Therefore, it can be concluded that greenbelt policy is an effective one among the polices of guiding and control of cities growth for Tehran urban growth management and protection of valuable lands of this area, based on integrated approach and intended functions in this approach. Under these circumstances, it is suggested to develop an organizational structure for guide and control the growth management in Tehran limit line in one hand and to codify the zoning rules and monitor its implementation by the intended institutions on the other hand. In addition, it is strongly recommended to do more researches on Tehran limit line at existing pathology and optimum management. It is also suggested to do more study on evaluation of the effects of the creation of green belt in the Tehran limit line by other authors.

Soorah of Ensan or Dahr the 76th soorah of Holy Qur’an has sent down properly on axis of human, devotion, sacrifice and the eventual of human in afterworld. One verses of this soorah is introducing “Abrar” which base on the most correct Hadith of Fariqain that is about Imam Ali (PH) and Hazrate Zahra (PH) which the Soorah sent for fidelity of them to their vow (nazr) to being fast in three days and they devot their Eftar in that day to Meskin, Yatim and Asir. However, some people have doubt that this soorah is not Madani or demonstrate another reason for its send. With examining reliable Hadith texts of Farqain in case of the proper order of sending soorahs and Hadith which are base on real reason for sending of soorahs, we lead to this point that soorah of Ensan is not only a Madani soorah but also real reason for its sending is because of dedication and devotion of Imam Ali (ph) and Fatemeh (PH). The witness for this point is history which is testifying to this.

This research is devoted to study the icons in graphical userinterface of Simorgh library software and analyze the users’ understanding ofand interaction with this software in Birjand University. The methodology of this research is of survey type and it isan applied study. To measure the responders’ understanding of icons indifferent pages of search section in Simorgh software, 32 icons from four pagesof search section which were available to the population under study werechosen and put into a questionnaire. Both descriptive and deductive statisticsmethods were utilized for data analysis. According to five-level Likert scale, the user’s perspectiveregarding the three elements of significance level, observing the criteria to beuser-friendly, and quality of icons in graphical user interface of Simorghsoftware were evaluated to be higher than average, higher than average, andmedium, respectively. Besides, users’ general understanding of these icons was38.5% which has a significant difference compared to the desired level ofunderstanding (60%). No significant difference was observed amongunderstanding of the icons by users of different educational level; however,users’ understanding of icons in different pages in search section of thissoftware was not identical. Furthermore, educational field and experience ofusers in using the graphical interface of Simorgh software influenced the levelof understanding of these icons.Originality/Value: Through designing a questionnaire for evaluating thelevel of understanding of icons in Simorgh library software based uponmentioned elements as well as making use of existing literature and experts’opinion, the present study has provided the opportunity for those involved inlibrary software development to alleviate the weaknesses and reinforce thestrengths; also, they can better get acquainted with existing criteria in this fieldand their importance to make use of them in their future products.