فهرست مطالب mohammad reza emami

Isoflurane and sevoflurane are among the newer inhalant anaesthetics that have shown fewer adverse effects than their older counterparts; as a result, they are used more frequently in avian practice. Determination of the differences between induction and recovery time of isoflurane and sevoflurane in pigeons (Columba Livia Domestica). In addition, the anaesthetic effects of each on their physiological parameters, hematocrit and plasma chemistry values were evaluated.  A total of 20 male pigeons were allocated to two groups of 10 undergoing anaesthesia by 5% isoflurane and 6% sevoflurane in oxygen in a crossover, randomised design. Three data sets were collected pre-anesthesia, at the end of anesthesia with the cessation of medications, and 24 hours post-anesthesia. Different physiological and biochemistry parameters were evaluated.  It was shorter in pigeons treated with isoflurane, and they experienced a longer RT than the other group. No significant difference was observed between isoflurane and sevoflurane regarding RT. HR decreased in both groups at the end of anesthesia, which was more significant in pigeons anesthetized with isoflurane. Although RR and T decreased at the end of anesthesia in both groups, they were lower within the group treated with sevoflurane. Both anesthetics decreased plasma biochemistry factors in most of the samples except creatinine phosphokinase and albumin, which almost returned to the initial state 24 h post-anesthesia.  Throughout, however isoflurane considers the most commonly inhaled anesthetic in avian practice, sevoflurane is recommended for anesthesia in pigeons.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ATRA (all trans retinoic acid), vitamin D3, and their combination on circulating levels of miR (MicroRNA) -125a-5p, miR-126, and miR-34ain diabetic rats.

Total miRNA was extracted from plasma samples. miRNA expression profiles of 30 rats in five groups were analyzed after 4-week intervention. The expression levels of miRNAs were measured using qRT-PCR.

We analyzed the expression of miR-126, miR-125a-5p, and miR-34a in serum among all five groups (p=0.268). The levels of miRNA-126 (p=0.004) and miR-125a-5p (p=0.014) showed a significant difference among our experimental groups. The circulating levels of miR-126 decreased in DC (Diabetic control) group compared to the HC (Healthy control) group (p=0.009). In addition, vitamin D3+ATRA supplementation increased miR-126 expression (p=0.014). Moreover, the levels of miR-125a-5p decreased in the DC group compared to the HC group (p=0.019).

The expression of miR-126 and miR-125a-5p decreased in diabetic rats. Also, vitamin D3+ATRA can be considered a new therapeutic agent that can elevate miR-126 expression and prevent diabetes-related cardiovascular complications.

Collagen and omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are suggested to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant,and insulin-sensitizing properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of collagen hydrolysate andomega-3 FAs on inflammation and insulin resistance in patients with major burns.

In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 66 patients with 20-45% burns were assigned to either of the three groups ofcollagen (40 gr/d), collagen (40 gr/d) plus fish oil (10 ml/d), or control. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin concentrations, and homeostatic model assessment for insulinresistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed at baseline, as well as end of weeks two and three.

Based on post-hoc analyses, hs-CRP levels were significantly lower in the collagen (p=0.026) and collagen+omega-3 (p=0.044)groups compared to the control group, at week three. However, pre- to post- (week three) changes of hs-CRPwere significantly higher only in the collagen+omega-3 group compared to the control group (173.2 vs. 103.7mg/l, p=0.024). After three weeks of the intervention, insulin (11.3 and 11.9 vs. 22.8μIU/ml) and HOMA-IR (2.9and 2.8 vs. 7.9) values seemed to be clinically, but not statistically, lower in both intervention groups comparedto the control group. Pre- to post- (week three) values of FBG decreased significantly in the collagen (p=0.002)and collagen+omega-3 (p=0.036) groups. Insulin (p=0.008) and HOMA-IR (p=0.001) decreased significantly onlyin the collagen+omega-3 group at week three compared to the baseline.

Supplementation withcollagen hydrolysate and omega-3 FAs can improve hs-CRP concentration and probably insulin resistance inpatients with severe burns. Omega-3 FAs had additional effects on modulating inflammation. Larger clinicaltrials are needed to confirm the current findings especially in terms of glucose homeostasis.

Hereditary Tyrosinemia type III (OMIM 276710) is a rare inborn error of tyrosine metabolism, which is caused by the deficiency of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD). This metabolic statement is transmitted in an autosomal recessive trait and hitherto about 18 cases presenting with this disease have been reported in the literature. Because of low prevalence of the disease the clinical phenotype remains variable and unclear but main symptoms are mostly related to the high concentrations of tyrosine and phenolic metabolites namely mental retardation, ataxia, and seizures. We described clinical, biochemical and molecular characteristics of an Iranian female patient with Tyrosinemia type III and her 7-year follow-up plan. A novel variant of HPD (609695) mutation (c.759+1 G>A) was identified in homozygous pattern. Despite not being compliant with the recommended diet, the patient continued to have normal neuropsychiatric development in the follow-up, which questions the efficacy of low-tyrosine diet.

Malnutrition is an acute or a chronic condition resulting from an imbalance in the intake, both in the form of undernutrition and over nutrition, leading to changes in the composition or reduced function of the body. Bio-social conditions and acute or chronic diseases are the most important factors affecting nutrition. It has been suggested that awareness of the prevalence and severity of malnutrition in hospitalized patients can be used by managers to understand the causes, health care system requirements, and health plans.

Medical records of 483 patients from 11 different wards of Shariati general hospital were assessed to evaluate the quality of nutritional assessment and the rate of referral to nutrition experts by physicians. This study consisted of two phases: evaluation of initial nutritional assessment and assessing the accuracy of malnutrition screening forms completion.

Our study showed no initial nutritional assessment for 34% of the patients. Assessment of the accuracy of malnutrition screening showed that there was a considerable error in the reporting of BMI (66%), weight loss (51%), appetite loss (50%), and severity of the patient’s situation (39%). Also, the rate of referral to a nutritionist was 0% and 1% in the first and second phases of the study, respectively.

The present study showed that the quality of nutritional screening and subsequent referral to nutrition experts for professional nutritional assessment is negligible in Shariati hospital, Tehran, Iran.

No study compared the effectiveness of the green tea, fiber, caffeine and L-carnitine on weight loss in individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of green tea, fiber, caffeine and L-carnitine in clinical aspects of people.  

The databases of Pubmed, Scopus and Cochran were searched up to November 2018. The pairwise method was used to compare the difference between the mean weight loss of drugs in two direct methods (comparison of drugs with the control group) and non-direct (Compare medications together).

The present study performed on 73 clinical studies with a cumulative population of 3921, showed that caffeine (-0.88 kg; -2.60 to -0.84), caffeine + catechine (-0.74 kg; -1.70 to 0.21), green tea (-0.61 kg; -1.33 to -0.11), fiber (-0.31 kg; -0.79 to -0.17), respectively, had the most effect on weight loss compared with the placebo group. In addition, carnitine supplementation did not effect on weight loss.

The present study indicated that green tea supplementation had a lower effect on weight loss compared with caffeine and caffeine+catechin, and had a greater effect on weight loss compared with fiber and carnitine.

The study was designed to determine the effect of thirty days of pomegranate extract oral supplementation on plasma inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers as well as serum metabolic profiles, in overweight and obese individuals.

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study 48 obese and overweight participants were randomly assigned to receive either 1000 mg of pomegranate extract (PE), or a placebo (PL), daily for 30 days. At baseline, and after 30 days of treatment, anthropometric parameters, dietary intake, plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hyper sensitive-C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and levels of serum lipids, glucose and insulin were assessed.

Thirty days of PE supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in mean serum levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and plasma MDA, IL-6 and hs-CRP. HDL-C significantly increased following the PE versus the PL intervention.

Our study suggests that pomegranate extract consumption may reduce complications linked with obesity through ameliorating the systemic inflammation and lipid profile. Future studies with larger sample size are required to verify these results.

Fine-grained soils with a high percentage of clay minerals are used for covering sanitary landfill and for earth dams' cores because of their low permeability. One of the key factors affecting the behavior of these soils is pore fluid chemistry, so that changes in fluid viscosity and type of cations change the engineering properties of these soils. In this study, the effect of water salinity has been investigated on Atterberg and compaction characteristics, shear strength, pore water pressure of fine-grained soils. For this purpose, Atterberg limits, compaction and undrained triaxial tests were conducted on the fine-grained soils, used in the cores of Shahid Madani and Malekian dams, with different pore fluids. Distilled water, project salty water, NaCl solutions with 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 molar are used as a pore fluid. The results showed by increasing the salinity of water, the liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index decrease in both soils, but these changes are not considerable. The results of the triaxial tests showed increasing NaCl salt concentration does not always increase the shear strength of the soils. The maximum increase in the soil shear strength values in both Malekian and Madani soils was obtained with 0.2 molar which is mentioned as an optimal point. In both soils, by increasing the salinity of water, the excess pore water pressure decreases and there is not any meaningful effect on the deformation modulus secant of soils. The cohesion parameter in both soils are reduced up to 0.4 molar and after that increased by increasing salinity. The saline water with concentration between 0.2 and 0.4 molarraised the internal friction angle of soil and beyond these concentration did not have a positive effect on the friction angle.

Dear editor, Glucocorticoid are a large class of drugs that have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and remain a necessary component of treatment for many disease (1). Despite their therapeutic effect, corticosteroids have several side effects which onset and progress in hyperglycemia in non-diabetic patient and exacerbate hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes is one of them (2), Glucocorticoids also lead to increase insulin resistance in all patients (3). The major mechanism which cause glucose intolerance after administration of glucocorticoids, is reduction in insulin sensitivity (4). Glucocorticoids impair glucose use through post receptor defects, such as diminished GLUT4 expression and migration and decreased glycogen synthesis through reduction of glycogen synthase activity (5). Moreover, glucocorticoids enhance hepatic gluconeogenesis by increase phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity (6). Furthermore, mRNA expression of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is correlated negatively with mRNA expression of the glucocorticoids which AMPK can reduce blood glucose level by reduction of glucose production in the liver (7). In addition, Glucocorticoids inhibit production and secretion of insulin by pancreatic β cells (8). This hyperglycemia is associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (9).
Currently, blood glucose lowering agents in diabetic patients including sulfonylureas, metformin, thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and insulin are the only option for treatment of these patient (10). These agents have many complications such as hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis and increase in risk of bone fracture (11, 12). Previous studies suggested that some bioflavonoids such as quercetin could be beneficial in controlling blood glucose (13).
Quercetin is one of the most abundant flavonols, which is found in some sources such as tea, onion and apple. This flavonol has many features such as antioxidant, dyslipidemia improving, endothelial function- improving, Antihyperglycemic effection and so on (14-17). Antihyperglycemia mechanism of quercetin involves its effects on GLUT4 transposition from cytoplasm to cell membrane through upregulation the level of AS160 phosphorylation (18). Moreover, this flavonoid protected pancreatic β cells from oxidative stress resulting in increased insulin secretion(19). quercetin could also inhibit intestinal α-glucosidase activity and decrease postprandial hyperglycemia (20). Furthermore, quercetin is an AMPK activator and affects energy metabolism and blood glucose levels (18).
Taken together, this evidence show quercetin could potentially be alternative hypoglycemic agent without side effects in this patients. Given the fact that so far no study has been done on this issue, this can be the subject of future studies.

Accounting earnings and the continuous operation assumption are two principles of Ohlson’s (1995) prediction and valuation models. Regarding the influence of bankruptcy risk on these two factors, in this research, these models are adjusted by the inclusion of bankruptcy risk. As a result, the primary models are compared with adjusted models during a 5-year (from 2003 to 2008) and a 10-year period (from 2003 to 2013) using panel data of companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange. The results indicate that the inclusion of the bankruptcy risk improves Ohlson’s prediction and valuation models during both 5 and 10 years estimated periods. However, due to the uncontrolled growth of prices in 2012 and 2013, which resulted in the price bubble formation, the estimated values by both original and adjusted models during 10 years estimated period are significantly lower than the actual market values.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chemical treatments including urea (5%), ammonia (3.5%), calcium hydroxide (4%), sodium hydroxide (5%), sulphuric acid (5%) and hydrogen peroxide (5%) on pH, DM solubility, lignin, silica, phenolic compounds, cellulose and hemicellulose stucture and ruminal degradability of rice straw. After processing, the treated straw was ensiled for 1 month and then analysed for chemical characteristics, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and ruminal degradability (fistulated cows). The results showed that urea treatment showed no considerable effect on chemical compositions and ruminal degradability when compared to untreated straw. Ammonia treatments caused a slight increase in dry matter solubility and neutral detergent fiber (P>0.05) while, the release of phenolic compounds and degradability of NDF were largly enhanced with ammonia treatment (P<0.01). Improvement in solubility of DM, phenolic compounds and NDF were highest as a result of acidic treatment (P<0.01). Although, DM degradability was enhanced, inter molecular hydrogen bonds in cellulose microfibrills and NDF degradability was depressed with acid application (P<0.01). Treatment with hydrogen peroxide increased degree of esterification, showed no effect on chemical characteristics (P>0.05), but decreased significantly DM and, in particular hemicellulose degradability (P<0.01). The highest improvement in ruminal degradability, silica and phenolic compounds solubilities were achieved with NaOH treatment (P<0.01). In conclusion, treatment with hydrogen peroxide and sulphuric acid resulted in increased esterification of hemicellulose and in decreased the optima pH for ruminal microbes, respectively while, ammonia and sodium hydroxide treatments showed no adverse impact on the chemical characteristics with a substantial enhancement in ruminal degradability of rice straw.

to evaluate both in-vivo and in-vitro antibacterial property of Aloe vera.L fresh gel.Design: experimental study.Animals: five adult male mixed breed dogs aged 2-4 years. Procedures: for in-vivo experiment, under general anesthesia and sterile condition 8 symmetrical full-thickness wounds measured 2 cm×2 cm were surgically created on the back of each dogs on 0, 7, 13 and 21 days of study. After wound creation, 1 ml fluid contains 105 CFU Staphylococcus aureus was inoculated on each wound. Right wounds in all dogs were covered with 1 ml Aloe vera fresh gel whereas the left wounds were not received any treatment. Antibacterial activity of Aloe vera gel was evaluated on days 7, 15, 21 and 28 by wound biopsies. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was applied for invitro evaluation. For this purpose, measurement of inhibition zone of Aloe vera gel was compared to some commercially available antibiotic discs. no significant differences were seen by counting viable bacteria between the treatment and control wounds at the particular days of the period study (P > 0.05). The gel inhibited the growth of S.aureus by appearance of 12 mm inhibitory zone.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Aloe vera has antibacterial property against S.areus.

to consider the influence of Aloe vera L fresh gel on healing process histopathologically.Design: Experimental studyAnimals: Five adult male mixed breed dogs aged 2-4 years Procedures: Eight symmetrical full-thickness wounds were surgically created on the back of all five dogs under general anesthesia and sterile condition. After wound creation, 1 ml fluid containing 105 CFU of S. aureus was inoculated on each wound. Right wounds were covered with 1 ml Aloe vera fresh gel whereas the left wounds were not received any therapeutic material. Wounds’ biopsies were assessed on days 7, 15, 21 and 28 in treatment and control groups. In microscopic examinations density of collagen fibers in the superficial (P = 0.039) and deep (P = 0.042) sections of 28-days old wounds were significantly higher in treatment group compared to control group. Also these fibers had more diameter and better alignment in treatment group. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were seen in other indices including fibrocytes, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells between treatment and control wounds.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: It seems that Aloe vera in addition to antibacterial effects, probably exerts its main effects on the characteristics of collagen fibers. These positive effects could cause the improvement of quality and quantity of collagen fibers and their structures.