فهرست مطالب mohammad reza lak

Bean root rot disease caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli is one of the major diseases associated with beans. In order to evaluate effective agronomic strategies to control this disease, an experiment has been carried out as a factorial split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications over two years. The experiment takes place in a farm with a history of infection with the causal agent of root rot disease at the Bean Research and Education Campus of Khomein City. Type of cultivation includes flat-striped method, furrowing method without hilling up, furrowing method with one time hilling up, and furrowing method with two times of hilling up in main plot. Also, the two red bean cultivars involve Ofogh and Yaghout and the three plant density include 20, 30, and 40 plant/m2 in a sub-plot with factorial arrangement. Results show that among the studied cultivars, the highest grainyield and minimum bean root rot severity belong to Yaghout cultivar. Additionally,, increasing the plant density adds to the severity of Fusarium root rot disease. Among the different methods of planting, the least root rot severity occurs in the furrowing method with one time of hilling up, while the highest grain yield is obtained from cultivation of Yaghout at a density of 30 plant/m2 in furrowing planting method with one time hilling up. Therefore, in those areas where the occurrence of this disease is very potential, it is necessary to change the method of bean planting from flat to furrowing method and hilling up the plants.

Common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli is a serious disease of bean fields in Iran and the world. Chemical control of CBB is inefficient, therefore the use of resistant genotypes with stability production is the most suitable alternative. Stability and adaptability of 26 bean genotypes yield in the presence and absence of CBB were evaluated in Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of Markazi Province, in 2007 and 2008 using regression analysis, the additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) and muir methods. The best genotype in regression analysis, based on yield, regression coefficient and deviation from regression was 21407. In AMMI analysis, the first two interaction principal component axes (IPCA1 & IPCA12) explained 90% of the genotype×environment interaction. Biplot of yield mean and IPCA1 showed that genotypes 21407 and 21275 were the most stable with high yield. In muir method, 21% and 79% of the genotype×environment interaction belonged to heterogeneous variance (HV) and imperfect correlation (IC), respectively. In this method the genotype 21410 had the least total sum of squares of genotype × environment interaction, so it was the most stable genotype. According to all results, the best genotype was 21407 based on stability, yield and resistant to CBB.

Geographic information system (GIS) as a powerful tool can provide comprehensive information to weed researchers. Based on cultivation area in most cities of Markazi province during 5 years (2000-2004), 70 samples of dryland wheat fields were selected and weed species were counted in each sampling point and population indices were calculated. In each field longitude, latitude and altitude were recorded using GPS. These data were used for producing weed maps using GIS. Results showed that dominate broadleaf species were spurge (Euphorbia sp.), salsify (Tragopogon graminifolius DC.), madwort (Alyssum marginatum Steud. ex Boiss), Goldbachia laevigata (M.B.)DC., and dominante grass weed species were downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), squarosa couchgrass (Eremopyrum bonaepartis (Spreng)Nevski), common rye (Secale cereal L.), in dryland wheat fields.

Common bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), is one of the major diseseas in bean fields leading to significant losses in yield and seed quality. Chemical control is ineffective, therefore, the use of resistant varieties becomes an interesting alternative. The object of this experiment was to screen resistant bean genotypes to CBB. The experiment was conducted at Arak Station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Center of Markazi Province. Bean genotypes were planted in the field at 2 locations. In one locations Xap suspension with 107 cfu/ml was sprayed onto plants befor flowerhng stage. Disease scale was rated from 1 (Immune) to 5(susceptible). The experiment was carried out in agment design in 12 blocks with 234 bean genotypes with 3 checks including Khomein Local Chitti bean, Daneshkadeh white bean and Goli red bean. Evaluated traits in 3 bean checks had no significant difference that meaned the experiment accuracy was high. Fourty one bean genotypes with disease scale ≥ 3 was selected as resistant and semi resistant to CBB.