فهرست مطالب mohammad shenagari

Cancer treatment has witnessed a profound transformation in recent decades, with combination therapy emerging as a beacon of hope for patients. This review delves into the groundbreaking synergy between immunotherapy and targeted oncolytic viruses, offering a glimpse into the future of cancer conquering. Traditional methods like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have limitations, especially in advanced or metastatic cancers. Immunotherapy, inspired by the body's innate defenses, leverages the immune system to selectively identify and eradicate cancer cells. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, have showcased remarkable success in clinical trials, unlocking the potential of the immune system against once-intractable cancers. In tandem, oncolytic viruses exhibit precision targeting, minimizing harm to healthy tissues. Notably, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has proven effective against various malignancies. The fusion of immunotherapy and oncolytic viruses represents a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, harnessing the strengths of each modality. This review explores mechanisms, recent developments, clinical triumphs, and the challenges of combination therapy. The dynamic synergy of these two approaches promises to revolutionize cancer treatment, transforming it from an insurmountable foe into a manageable condition.

The precise knowledge of laboratory diagnostics such as the association between the cycle threshold (Ct) or the SARS-CoV-2 virus load can be used as a predictor of the infection risk with new strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for patients with Covid-19. This study was conducted based on the hypothesis that the Ct value of SARS-CoV-2 can also serve as a biomarker of disease severity, clinical outcome, and patient mortality.

In this cross-sectional study, the SARS-COV-2 qRT- PCR results of 443 hospitalized patients during 2019-1400 were examined, then the association between Ct with high viral load (Ct≤25) and lower viral load Ct >25 was determined.

Ct values in dead patients were significantly lower than discharged patients (P=0.005); Also, Ct values in the patients hospitalized in ICU were significantly lower than the patients hospitalized in Infection Control Units of the hospitals (P=0.002). Based on the adjusted analytical results, a high viral load (Ct≤25) increase chance of in-hospital death (OR=5.16, 95% CI: 2.36-11.28) and hospitalization in ICU (OR=6.87, 95% CI: 2.36-11.28).

In hospitalized patients with Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 viral load was associated with mortality and hospitalization in the ICU. These findings show that the Ct value can be used as a tool to help identify patients who are at higher risk for severe outcomes of Covid-19 disease.

Urinary tract infection (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli is one of the most common human complications. The discriminate use of antibiotics leads to increasing multiple-drug resistance (MDR) in E. coli.

This study aimed at investigating the frequency of fluoroquinolones resistance by detecting qnr genes and mutation in gyrA gene in clinical isolates of E. coli in the North of Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 309 E. coli isolates collected from major hospitals in Rasht, North of Iran. All isolates were identified by standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted by the disk diffusion method for the three quinolone antibiotics. The detection of gyrA, qnrS, qnrB, and qnrA genes was performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. PCR products of gyrA gene were digested by HinfI enzyme to identify the mutation in gyrA gene by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method.

Of 309 tested E. coli isolates, the most common resistance was observed against nalidixic acid (60.2%) and the least common one against norfloxacin (40.5%). The prevalence of qnrS, qnrB, and qnrA genes was 4.5%, 73.1%, and 62.8%, respectively. Mutation in gyrA gene was observed in codon 83 in 56.3% of the strains.

In summary, despite the significant association of the investigated genes with fluoroquinolones resistance in these bacteria, the presence of these genes in susceptible strains suggested that some other possible mechanisms may also influence resistance against fluoroquinolones

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has remained as a global health problem. Animal studies demonstrated the role of H. pylori oipA gene in the development of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was the cloning and expression of Helicobacter pylori oipA gene in a bicistronic vector harboring mice IL-18 gene.

The target gene encoding oipA was amplified from a codonoptimized clone by PCR, and then double-digested by restriction enzymes. The pIRESIgk/mIL18/Fc plasmid was simultaneously digested by BstXI/NotI enzymes to elicit the eGFP segment. PCR product of oipA was inserted into pIRES-Igk/mIL18/Fc plasmid using T4 ligase. Transformation into DH5α strain was done. Cloning was confirmed by PCR, enzymatic digestion and sequencing. Expression of the oipA and IL-18 mRNA was assessed by means of TaqMan Real-time PCR.

Electrophoresis of PCR product, enzymatic digestion and sequencing showed that the H. pylori oipA gene was successfully cloned into pIRES-Igk/mIL18/Fc to generate mIL18-pIRES2-oipA plasmid. The results of Real-time PCR confirmed the successful expression of both oipA and IL-18 in mouse macrophage cell line.

Considering the role of oipA in pathogenesis of H. pylori and potent activity of IL-18 as a molecular adjuvant, the results of the present study showed that the expression of codon-optimized oipA gene in bicistronic vector including mouse IL-18 is successful. So, it could be considered as an appropriate genetic vaccine candidate for H. pylori in future investigations.