فهرست مطالب mohammad sina shahsavari

The significant increase in urbanization along with excessive population density and activity in cities and its growing trend in terms of functional and physical diversity has increased the importance of the issue of urban vulnerability against natural hazards such as floods. Using 54 key indicators in the framework of the MOVE model, this research has determined the level of social-physical vulnerability in the areas of Tehran. Then the results are spatially analyzed and the degree of vulnerability of each dimension as well as the final index has been determined. MOVE and GWR models have been used in this research. The results showed that in the final index, the southwest and northeast neighborhoods of Tehran had the most unfavorable conditions, and on the contrary, the central areas of Tehran had the most suitable conditions. Regions 18, 19, 20 and 4 had the most neighborhoods with medium to very high vulnerability status. Also, the neighborhoods located in regions 8, 6, 10 and 7 had the best conditions, respectively. Also, the results of the geographically weighted regression model showed that the sub-indicator of exposure had the most impact, and the sub-indicators of lack of resilience and susceptibility were placed in the next ranks, respectively. In the meantime, according to the R2 coefficient that is close to the average in total for all sub-indices, it can be said that the final index obtained had a great impact on the high vulnerability of the residents of the studied neighborhoods.

considerations of passive defense in urban planning and design may help to reduce the damage of cities and the loss of life and property, and at the same time increase the resistance threshold of citizens in attack situations and facilitate the management of city crisis. This is an applied research by quantitative method. In this study, to achieve the goal of determining the degree of dependence of urban areas, four criteria of physical, cyber, geographical and logical interaction have been used and the score of each asset according to its degree of dependence on other assets has been calculated and defined as a score for the asset. The statistical population of the study includes all strategic centers of sabzevar. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of strategic centers in sabzevar on each other and show the spatial distribution of level of risk in this city. In the field of cyber interaction, the assets of telecommunication infrastructure company and combined cycle power plant were the most dependent on the relevant information flow. Also, in the field of logical interaction, the assets related to the political and health and treatment infrastructure of Sabzevar city had the highest logical interaction rate with an interaction rate of 6. </strong>

Due to the high volume of investment and the establishment of many economic facilities and tools, and most importantly, the large population in which they live, cities will suffer significant financial and human losses in the event of war. In urban areas, war damages include a combination of physical destruction and dysfunction of urban elements. Demolition of structures and buildings, network of roads and accesses, basic facilities of water tanks, power plants, telephone, electricity, water, gas lines, Rescue centers, etc. are among them. Today and in the present age, passive defense is one of the most important concepts in the general field of urban crisis management to ensure the safety and security of cities and the foundation of civic welfare in all urban areas. This is an applied research by quantitative method. In this study, in order to achieve the goal of determining the degree of dependence of urban areas, interaction analysis (physical, cyber, geographical and logical) have been used. The statistical population of the study includes all strategic centers of Neishabour. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of strategic centers in Neishabour on each other and show the spatial distribution of level of risk in this city. The results of physical, cyber and logical interactions showed that energy infrastructure assets were the most dependent. Also, according to the results of geographical interaction, most of the assets of Neishabour city are less than 5 kilometer away from each other. From the findings, it can be concluded that the most vulnerability of the city is related to energy infrastructure and it is vital to consider the necessary solutions for crisis management.

Safety and security against threats is one of the most basic principles in order to achieve the desired standards of urban comfort, and attention to the passive defense of cities against external threats has always been considered since the beginning of the formation of cities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide management strategies to reduce the existing risk and city management in times of crisis with a passive defense approach.

The method used in this research is applied based on the purpose and quantitative in terms of method. In this research, first, the vulnerability of each asset against physical and non-physical threats is determined, and using the obtained results, the total vulnerability index is also determined, and its spatial distribution is analyzed in all three categories. In the next step, management strategies were determined and prioritized using the matrix of internal and external factors.

The results showed that defensive strategies are the best possible strategies for the city of Bojnurd. Based on the results, seven six were determined as the main strategies to reduce the vulnerability of Bojnurd city, which are the first and seventh strategies in order of priority: Strengthening land transportation infrastructure in order to strengthen tourism; and Diversifying the water supply sources of the city or strengthening the water safety of Shirin Dareh dam.

Based on the results of this research, it can be said that many assets of Bojnurd city, especially assets that a large part of the population depends on their services, are under threat. Also, in terms of spatial distribution, the northern area of the city had the highest level of vulnerability, and the highest density of assets of city are also located in this area, and this geographical compatibility has aggravated the vulnerability of the city.

One of the most important issues that should be considered when designing and planning cities in order to ensure the safety and security of urban society and reduce the crisis in cities, is to pay attention to the defense of the city against natural and man-made threats. Cities are the largest settlements in a country, with more than 70% of the population living in urban areas. On the other hand, the large tangible and intangible assets of countries have been located in cities. This is an applied research by quantitative method. In this study, to achieve the goal , four criteria of physical, cyber, geographical and logical interaction have been used. The statistical population of the study includes all strategic centers of bojnurd. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of strategic centers in bojnurd on each other and show the spatial distribution of level of risk in this city. The results of physical and cyber interaction showed that water and electricity infrastructure assets were the most dependent. In logical interaction, the assets of political, military and security infrastructure had the highest interaction. Also, according to the results of geographical interaction, most of the Bojnourd assets are located at a distance of less than 5 kilometer from each other. From the findings, it can be concluded that the most vulnerability of the city is related to water and electricity infrastructure and it is vital to consider the necessary solutions for crisis management.

Poverty is one of the most important issues in today's cities. Studies have shown that the issue of poverty is not simply related to income shortages, but also means the inability to get out of poverty.

Aim of the study:

 The purpose of this study is to investigate the poverty situation in a comprehensive way by Alkheimer and Foster method in Kermanshah province.

This research is an applied type that has been done by descriptive-analytical method. In this study, the dimensions of the poverty index are similar to the multidimensional poverty index of the human development reports of the United Nations Development Program and the data used in this study are taken from the general population and housing census data of the Statistics Center in 2016. The statistical population of the study includes Kermanshah province and its sub-sectors including cities, rural and urban areas.

The results show that 2.77% of the households in the province are poor and their severity of poverty (A) is equal to 2.79%. Also, the adjusted census (MO) ratio is equal to 3.93. On the other hand, the rate and severity of poverty in urban households is higher than rural households. 55.5% of urban households and 1.22% of rural households are poor. The severity of poverty in urban households is 1.63 percent and in rural households is 1.16 percent. Finally, urban and rural areas of Kermanshah province were compared based on the amount and severity of poverty.

According to the results of urban areas, the cities of Ravansar, Songhar, Kangavar and Hersin, which have the lowest poverty, are in the first floor. The cities of Gilan-e-Gharb, Dalahou and Thalas Babajani were located on the second floor, and Kermanshah, Islamabad, Javanroud and Sahneh were located on the third floor and the rest on the fourth floor.

Today, one of the challenges facing urban management is worn-out urban fabric. Utilizing the capacities of the people and social capital facilitates the achievement of the goal of modernization and organization of these structures for urban management.Purpose of the research: The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the increase of social capital and its relationship with the renovation of worn-out tissues.

The method of this research is descriptive-analytic and based on library and statistical information. Initial information was collected by documentary and survey as well as a questionnaire. The collected data were processed by using SPSS and Smart PLS software.

Geographical area of the research:

 The geographical area of the present study is region 10 of Tehran Municipality, which with a population of 327,115 people, has a significant area of worn-out structures in Tehran.

Findings show that there is a positive correlation between the components of social capital and renovation based on Pearson correlation test from weak to moderate level. Also, PLS path modeling and multivariate regression test show that the components of institutional trust, social interactions and interpersonal trust have more effect and the component of religious participation has less effect on the renovation of worn-out urban structures, respectively.

The results show that there is a significant relationship between social capital and renovation of worn-out tissues. They also show that the components of social capital have different levels of impact on the renovation of worn-out tissues, which can be improved by planning to upgrade and organize these components. Worn out accelerated the study area.

In an increasingly urbanized world, cities and their inhabitants are facing significant human and economic losses from disasters. Recent disasters around the world reflect the vulnerability of our built environment and show the unfortunate consequences of disasters. In the vulnerability of settlements, only physical factors do not matter, but social elements have an important contribution to the degree of vulnerability. Considering the important role of social factors in reducing and increasing the effects of natural hazards, this study focuses on social vulnerability as one of the dimensions of vulnerability to natural hazards. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and prioritize the social vulnerability of counties of Isfahan province to natural hazards. Therefore, the present study is an analytical descriptive with an applied purpose. So, for estimating and ranking the severity of the vulnerability, the artificial intelligence model and geographical weight regression test have been used. The results show that the three indicators of households with disabled people, disabled people and divorced women had the highest impact on the increasing of social vulnerability in Isfahan province. Also in terms of spatially, the highest vulnerability is related to Falavarjan and Lenjan cities, which have the highest social vulnerability to natural hazards in Isfahan province.

Today, one of the main urban needs is security. Lack of security causes other planning and actions in the city to fail. Most residents of traditional neighborhoods and cities feel more secure than residents of new urban areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and extent of second generation crime prevention through environmental design in influencing the sense of security in the historical textures of Sabzevar.

In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of methodology it is considered as a descriptive-analytical study. The required data and information were collected using both field studies and documentary method. Bivariate analysis and multiple regression were used to assess the impact of second generation crime prevention through environmental design on citizens' sense of security through linear regression test.

Evaluation of Bivariate Correlation Analysis Model showed that in the collective culture group, the level of willingness to help others with the correlation coefficient of 0.181 and in the out-of-neighborhood communication group, the variable of the rate of out-of-neighborhood communication with 0.172, in the capacity threshold group, the variable of level of comfort and dissatisfaction with 0.020, and in the context of social solidarity index, the variable of the probability of helping people in times of danger with the correlation coefficient of 0.474 had the highest and direct impact on increasing the sense of security. Also the results of linear regression in determining the amount of impact of each of the second generation components of crime prevention through environmental design indicate that among the components, social correlation index with beta coefficient of 0.447 and capacity threshold with beta coefficient of 0.240 had the greatest effect on increasing the sense of security; also the components of collective culture (-0.06) and out-of-neighborhood communication (-0.038) had a negative and reverse relationship with sense of security.

Based on the results of the first hypothesis test (the relationship between the component of collective culture with the sense of security), it was found that the highest negative correlation coefficient (-0.130) existed between the two components and this hypothesis was not confirmed. Also, the second hypothesis (out-of-neighborhood communication with a sense of security) was rejected because of the negative correlation coefficient (-0.038). The results showed that the third hypothesis (relation of capacity threshold with sense of security) with the correlation coefficient of 0.240 was confirmed. Also, the fourth hypothesis (correlation of social solidarity with sense of security) was very strongly confirmed with the correlation coefficient of 0.447.

Nowadays, coastal areas and the cities in it are considered as the most important components and elements of the urban system. Coastal cities are always vulnerable to damages from the environmental hazards and ignoring them will be problematic.

This is a applied research and it is done by descriptive-analytical method that is based on library and statistics information. At first, factors affecting the social vulnerability of cities were identified and then all cities were classified in homogeneous groups and then were evaluated by GWR model.

The results showed that factors of lack of access to energy and fuel resources, social, physical, economic, dependent population, lack of access to healthy drinking water sources and population flotation had the most impact on social vulnerability of the studied cities. Also, the results of the cluster analysis model revealed that cities are classified in five clusters.

It can be said that the resulting factorscovers almost all the underlying causes of social vulnerability. Also, according to the results, the most investment is needed to address the vulnerability of the lack of access to energy and fuel resources, as the vulnerability of households is more in this area. Also, due to the similar socioeconomic status of households in the cities of Bushehr province, the social vulnerability of most cities in this province is close to each other. Finally, it can be concluded that due to the inappropriate economic and social conditions of households who are living in coastal cities as well as the occurrence of natural hazards in the area, people living in these cities have a high social vulnerability.

The crime is caused by several factors that one of them is physical factors. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of environmental design in crime prevention in Nematabad neighborhood of Tehran, as well as providing solutions to improve the conditions of this neighborhood.

The present study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical approach by using a field method. So, by using the Cochran model, the sample size was determined 364 people. In the next step, based on the results of the questionnaire, field observations and official documents, the analysis of the findings was done using SPSS software. Finally, the overall effect of CPTED's first components on crime prevention in Nematabad neighborhood was investigated. Has been.

Research findings indicate that the principles of environmental design for crime prevention in the Nematabad neighborhood were not adequately respected so that, the average of environmental design indicators for crime prevention in the Nematabad neighborhood is 2.90 in Likert range (1-5), which is even lower than the mediocre level. At a more detailed level, among the CPTED criteria, indicators of management and maintenance (3/10), territoriality (2.95), natural surveillance (2.90), access control (2.89), activity support (2.63) had the highest average, respectively.

Sense of security has been historically one of the basic human needs. So the aim of this study is to find out whether the second generation CPTED principles in the Islamic texture of Fahadan neighborhood have been effective in sense of security or not? In this study, indicators of community culture, connectivity, threshold capacity and social cohesion are used as second-generation CPTED principles and the sense of security is used as dependent variable. This is a survey research and was conducted through a questionnaire survey. By using probability sampling (kokran method), 364 residents living in Islamic texture of Fahadan were selected. The T-test was used to check whether there is a sense of security in this context or not. In the next step, according to the types of variables, Pearson correlation test was used. The results showed that level of Fahadan neighborhood sense of security with an average of 3.62 on the Likert scale has a suitable situation but this indicator has completely inverse relationship with second generation CPTED principles in the Islamic texture. The results in terms of analyzing sense of security according to sex showed that men, unlike women are feeling more secure in Islamic texture according to these principles. By analyzing the results, it became clear that the existing sense of security in the Islamic texture was not related to second generation CPTED principles and the cause of it should be in other fields.

Cities are considered as facilitator of the creation of vulnerability conditions. Due to the social and economic status of different groups of people who are living in the dangerous part of city, their vulnerability would be different in various places. Social vulnerability is the product of social inequality. Hence, social vulnerability can explain why some communities are suffering from environmental hazards while others are not in this situation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the social vulnerability of cities over 10 thousand population in Khuzestan province. The VIKOR method was used for achieving to this purpose and the results were presented in the form of a spatial analysis map. The results showed that the cities of Ghaleh Tal (Q = 0.4437), Masjed Soleyman (Q = 0.4455), Mahshahr port (Q = 0.4493), Aghajari (Q = 0.4569), Imam Khomeini port (Q = 0.4766) and Shush (Q = 0.5091) had the highest level of social vulnerability. Also in terms of spatial position, most of the cities with very high vulnerability of Khuzestan province were located in the south of it and the cities of the center of this province had low and middle vulnerability. In the northern part, only the cities of Gotvand, Dezab and Shoosh had high and very high vulnerability