فهرست مطالب mohammad zerehsaz

The user experience is at a higher level than the user interface. Nielsen's checklist recommended in 1994, consists of ten factors, one of which is aesthetics, but the dimensions of beauty in the web environment, after thirty years, remain unknown and have not been accurately interpreted. The present study was designed in order to reduce the mentioned ambiguity. The current research aims to identify the aesthetic components of "one website" based on Leibniz's theory and rank them based on the importance of the criteria. Proposing a conceptual framework for the ''aesthetics of one website'', is done.

In this study, the systematic review method of meta-synthesis with Shannon's qualitative content analysis approach was used. A targeting keyword search was conducted in six databases: Google Scholar, Emerald, Web of Science, IRANDOC, ISC, and SID. The numbers of 1110 sources were retrieved. Then, the numbers of 64 documents were selected for meta synthesis study, according to the PRISMA statement. Leibniz's theory of aesthetics and two studies, aesthetic factors from Lavie and Tractinsky (2004) and website analysis from Guo and Hall (2009) used as the basis of qualitative coding. Then, for each aesthetic code identified, the importance coefficient was calculated based on Shannon's qualitative content analysis method introduced by Azar (2000). The mentioned method looks at each code in the sources as an exchanged message, and the resources are the interviewees or experts who answered the research question.

The number of 2 categories 4 concepts and 75 aesthetic codes were obtained by performing meta synthesis. Two general levels of "objective aesthetics" and "subjective aesthetics" were obtained as the main categories of website beauty. The subjective level is related to the user and his perception (subject) and the objective level is related to the website design (object). Two main concepts were obtained for each category including "semantic aesthetics" and "classical aesthetics". The coefficient of importance for the codes of "typography" and "order" in the concept of classical aesthetics and the category of objective aesthetics were ranked first and second. In the category of subjective aesthetics, based on priority, the codes of "having an attractive color combination", "easy navigation" and "moderate visual complexity " in the concept of classical aesthetics, were obtained at the top of importance. The numbers of forty-three aesthetic codes for a website were identified with an importance coefficient greater than zero. A conceptual framework based on Leibniz, proposing for ''aesthetics of one website''. A number of 43 codes with an importance coefficient greater than zero were identified, which were ranked from 1 to 16. The other 32 codes (out of a total of 75 identified codes) that had a zero Shannon entropy significance coefficient (the number of 1 repetition in previous studies) were placed in the 17th rank of Shannon's significance. The top 12 codes, in order of priority, were "observance of typography techniques in website content design", "orderliness and cleanliness of website content", "observance of symmetry in website content design", "non-visual complexity", "attractive website color combination" From the point of view of the web user's mind", "Unity in website content design", "Easy navigation in website content from the standpoint of the web user's mind", "Observance of the organization through order and sequence and compliance with hierarchy during website design", "Complexity in Average limit (not too little and not too much) from the website user'sstandpoint", "Arousing the feeling of richness and variety from the website user's standpoint", "Website design with the approach of having a variety website content ", "Attractive and interesting And the non-boringness of the website from the standpoint of the web user". Adherence to the Gestalt principle, and adherence to the golden ratio in website design, are among the other identified codes.

It is appropriate for website administrators to pay attention to both the objective and subjective aspects of aesthetics to promote users. Several types of research have been conducted on the aesthetic factors of a website. But research such as the current one, which combines previous studies with a meta-synthesis approach and coding by Shannon’s entropy, is the first in Iran and also at the international level. In this field, interdisciplinary cooperation in the fields of computer sciences and social sciences is recommended.

In an era where information permeates every facet of our lives, the role of information consultants has gained prominence. These professionals serve as navigators, guiding individuals, organizations, and communities through the vast sea of data, ensuring informed decisions and meaningful outcomes. The aim of this research is to conduct a needs assessment for establishing the information consultant profession. Information consultant needs assessment involves examining the areas of need, the dimensions of those needs, and the requirements for acquiring this profession. Introducing the characteristics of information consultants appears essential given the rapid advancement of sciences and society’s need for purposeful guidance to access scientific and social benefits and achievements. In this comprehensive study, a needs assessment was meticulously conducted to uncover the underlying necessities within the information consultant profession.

The present research carried out with a qualitative approach and a combination of two tools was used for data collection: library study and structured interviews. In this study, initially, relevant texts were extracted through systematic searches in target databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and domestic databases such as IranDoc, SID, and NoorMags. For the extraction of variables related to information consulting needs, 458 open codes were obtained from text analysis. Additionally, 122 codes were identified from interviews conducted with 12 experts in this field. Subsequently, the extracted codes from expert interviews were integrated with the concepts from the texts (a total of 580 codes). The main themes (selective coding) were categorized into four groups: current, incipient, unanswered, and future needs.

After a review of history and the groundworks of information consultant profession, a needs assessment was conducted to reveal the critical needs for the establishment of the information consultant profession. The recent needs assessment conducted shed light on these diverse requirements, categorizing them into four distinct areas. Regarding the requirements for establishing a professional information-sharing profession, 32 categories were identified, comprising a total of 580 components. Among the current needs, we can mention health literacy, engagement in industrial processes, resilience in the face of disruptions and unforeseen conditions, and job placement and career change. For incipient needs, we can highlight circular economy, integration with artificial intelligence, generative artificial intelligence, virtual identity and social networks, and industrial and commercial domains related to the human genome. Unaddressed needs include themes: organizational culture internationalization and compatibility, multi-modal data, increased uncertainty and the need for innovation, widespread use of clean energy, conflict between transparency and the interests of the organization, security and confidentiality in Metaverse. Future needs include: expanding boundaries and administrative processes, the secret language of science, cloud-based life, and cyborg-human integration.

Originality/value:

 Delving into the intricate world of information needs, we explored the essential role played by information consultants in our society. Beyond mere data retrieval, we dissected the dimensions of these needs, revealing why information consultants truly matter. By gaining a holistic understanding of our evolving information landscape, we recognized that information consultants must be well-equipped to address diverse requirements—from immediate queries to emerging trends. This research not only highlighted the extensive information needs but also laid the groundwork for a specialized profession. Whether deciphering health information, staying updated on global events or making informed business decisions, individuals seek reliable sources and expert insights. Information consultants, with their outside perspective and accumulated experience, bridge the gap, offering expertise, context, and personalized support.

This study explored its research trends by examining Iran's methods, contexts, and theories of information behavior research. This study is applied research regarding objectives and a content analysis regarding methodology. The research population consisted of 325 studies on information behavior. A researcher-made checklist was used to collect data, the validity of which was confirmed by experts. According to the researcher-made checklist, 325 data were analyzed based on the variables of each section. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software (version 22). The results indicated the dominance of the quantitative approach and, consequently, the application of statistical analysis tools and methods related to this approach in relevant studies. In addition, most investigations were practical in this field, and therefore, fewer theoretical-philosophical studies and, in other words, fundamental research have been addressed in this field. There is no diversity in studies methodologically, and most of the reviewed studies, while referring to influential research in this field in their backgrounds, do not pay attention to their methodologies. Most of the research works are copies of previous studies conducted using quantitative, applied, and survey methods, and the desired population has changed only in some cases. Moreover, the scope of disciplines and specialties involved in the research production and studies reflects the interdisciplinary nature of this field with emphasis on knowledge and information science. The approach of information behavior research is expanding in various contexts with the presence of different types of users. However, it seems that the information behavior of the general public is less considered, and new studies are required in this regard. Research and studies conducted on information behavior in Iran have mainly considered the international models in this field, and some studies have even attempted to modify them. Few researchers have also proposed new models in this field, some of which have been published in international papers.

Computational aesthetics is a field that combines science and art to explore aesthetic measurement, generative art, and design generation using computational methods. In the context of university library websites, adhering to aesthetic standards, particularly focusing on "moderate visual complexity," could enhance their visibility online (according to some previous studies). This research, analyzed 82 university library websites, including top international and Iranian academic libraries, to assess visual complexity based on Berlyne's theory of stimulus complexity using the Athec Python library. The study found that international university libraries have a complexity of over 0.57, while Iranian academic libraries lack the minimum complexity needed to motivate users. Moreover, the study found significant differences between the library websites of top Iranian and international universities. The linear regression statistic test was used to analyze the relationship between the visual complexity of academic library websites and the rank of the university, revealing a significant difference for the 41 top Iranian universities but not for the 41 top international universities. The Beta coefficient of linear regression between the visual complexity of academic library websites and the rank of the university is -0.502, and Sig=0.001, obtained for the top Iranian universities. On the other hand, the Beta coefficient of linear regression between the visual complexity of academic library websites and the ranks of the university is -0.062, and Sig=0.701, obtained for top international universities. This research highlights the innovation of connecting Berlyne’s theory of stimulus complexity with Python programming, providing a new perspective for university library website managers.

This study aims to identify the characteristics of the information literacy learning environment (ILLE) for primary school students in Iran. This research was done by qualitative method and using content analysis. The statistical population was divided into two parts: 1) literature related to the INTE and 2) experts in the field of Information Literacy (IL). A researcher-made checklist was used to collect information in the first part, which was exploratory. The data collection tool from the second part of the community was the Delphi panel questionnaire, which was implemented in two stages. The results showed that ILLE has four dimensions for primary school students in Iran: educator, school library, classroom space, and educational resources. Considering these dimensions, categories, and sub-categories, it can be expected that a suitable environment will be provided for implementing IL programs in primary schools in Iran. Training administrators, curriculum developers, and information literacy educators can use this study's findings to improve ILLE to develop students with information literacy skills. This study is the first comprehensive study conducted in Iran that sought to identify the ILLE for primary school students. The findings are useful in providing a suitable environment for IL within schools in Iran and other countries.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the interaction of Users (graduate students of Kharazmi University) with Ganj database in order to evaluate the performance of this database according to the honeycomb user experience Model. It is expected that the results of this study can help to solve the existing interactive difficulties while identifying the status of effective elements in the user experience in interacting with this database. This research is practical and was done by survey method. The research tool was a questionnaire that was designed using 7 components of the honeycomb: the usefulness, accessibility, usability, searchability, validity, desirability and value of the Iranian scientific database (Ganj). Analysis of research data were performed using descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software. Also we used Amos software to confirm the research model using path analysis method.  Findings showed that there was a great positive effect between accessibility and usability, usefulness and availability, desirability and credibility of the Ganj database; That is, with increasing the amount of accessibility variable, the amount of usability variable and with increasing the amount of utility variable, the amount of accessibility variable and vice versa increases. As a result, if the Ganj database is not accessible, the usability and usefulness of this database, which aims to publish information for researchers, as well as the usefulness of the services provided to researchers by this database will be reduced. As the desirability variable increases, the validity variable increases and vice versa. As a result, if students are dissatisfied with the features of desirability (appearance design, design capabilities of search components ...), their trust in the database will be lost and the credibility of the Ganj database in providing better services will be reduced. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the variable "value" as a strong and powerful variable has a direct and indirect positive effect on other research variables. This finding shows that if a database like Ganj does not create value for users, other components related to the user experience will not be in a good condition, and vice versa. Among these, the accessibility variable is also of special importance, which affects other variables in the Ganj database. As a result of not having access to the Ganj database, the usability of this database is reduced. If the capabilities of using the Ganj database are compromised, the credibility and usefulness of the Ganj will be reduced, and therefore users will lose their trust in this database, and the work with Ganj will not be satisfactory and useful for its users.

The purpose of this study was to design a paradigmatic model of factors influencing the motivation of Knowledge and Information Science faculty members for voluntary activities of the Iranian Library and Information Association.

Qualitative research method based on grounded theory was used. Qualitative data collection tool was semi-structured interview and purposeful sampling method with theoretical approach. In this research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 current and former board members of the Iranian Library and Information Science Association. The criterion of qualitative data analysis was based on the systematic design of grounded theory. Therefore, after the implementation, the text of the interviews was analyzed in five steps using open, axial, and selective coding methods.

By identifying the causal factors, background factors, interferers and consequences, the concepts proposed in the interviews were coded in the form of 15 main categories and 89 sub-categories. Accordingly, the paradigm model of the factors influencing faculty members to participate in voluntary association activities was formed. In this research, it was also found that various factors can increase or decrease the motivation of faculty members to participate in community activities. Some of these factors are personality traits and motivations; Such as having a spirit of service and participation, social commitment, encouraging worldview, being warm, interested in the growth of others and similar things. Considering the effective points in the promotion and promotion bylaws for participative activities and encouraging faculty members to participate in such activities can be a useful solution in this field. Also, including appropriate course contents in formal education courses (primary and high school) regarding the importance of associations and respective activities and teaching these concepts through the media (such as radio and social networks) can make families aware of the importance of paying attention to voluntary activities such as associational activities in the development of children's personality. Peace and political, economic, and social stability in society can also play an important role in the development and flourishing of associational activities.

An important point that should be kept in mind in order to increase the motivation of faculty members to participate in association activities, and the findings of the present research emphasize it, is the effort to explain the position of scientific associations in solving various problems of the country through appropriate policies in this field. Scientific associations are one of the dynamic institutions that enable the interaction of experts and receive informal training, and therefore can be attractive and effective. Creating a safe and attractive environment and providing the opportunity for veteran professors to interact with young professors can be another reason for scientific associations to attract faculty members.

Information counselors have different tasks depending on the different roles they can take on in libraries or other organizations. These tasks are based on the needs of the organization and, of course, current developments, especially in the field of emerging technologies. The first task of an information consultant in an organization can be to help determine the policies and information needs of that organization. The purpose of this study is to determine the model of desirable job competencies for holding an information consulting job in Iran.

This research was applied in the fall and winter of 2019 using thematic analysis and Delphi analysis methods. The research community in the first part includes texts in the field of information consulting and two parts of Delphi include experts and experienced people in the field of information consulting. In this research, a coding list and two questionnaires for Delphi panels have been used as data collection tools. SPSS software was also used for data analysis.

Findings showed an increase in the score of all types of individual competencies, knowledge, and skills at the advanced level compared to the basic level. Moreover, the average merit scores in both levels were higher than the average level. This finding indicates that despite the high importance of all competencies at both professional levels, the importance of many competencies is higher at the advanced level, where more complex responsibilities are envisaged for IT consultants.

In the research model, the types of individual competencies, knowledge, and skills required at both the basic and advanced professional levels are introduced. It should be noted that providing specialized training to job applicants such as information counseling can strengthen their desirable job competencies. Therefore, when starting to work in professions such as intelligence consulting, applicants should have an acceptable level of competence and experience the additional training, knowledge, and skills needed to take on higher and more complex levels of responsibilities

IFLAchr('39')s approach is to move towards developing qualitative guidelines and examining the feasibility of implementing these guidelines in the countries using them. The present research has been conducted with a view to formulating the related qualitative guidelines and surveying the feasibility of their implementation in the context of Iranchr('39')s public libraries.

The current research is an applied study in terms of purpose, which applies an exploratory sequential mixed method. In the qualitative part, IFLA guidelines were investigated using the focus group method and a checklist was made in order to categorize the guidelines and to determine the evaluating groups. In this part, the research sample consisted of 5 experts in the development of Iranchr('39')s standards that were selected using the purposeful sampling method. In the quantitative part, the tool for data collection was a questionnaire. In this part, the statistical population were composed of 4 groups evaluating IFLA standards in Iranchr('39')s public libraries, who consisted of 80 managers and organizational specialists, 111 librarians, 21 experts, and 342 users amounting to 559 people in total. Each sample group was determined using the sampling method and Krejcie & Morgan table. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires among 4 evaluating groups. 81 questionnaires were returned by managers and organizational specialists, 110 ones by librarians, 21 ones by experts and 342 ones by users. Data analysis was carried out using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Excel and SPSS software packages were employed to calculate the frequency rates, averages and to perform the Kruskal-Wallis test.

In the qualitative part of this research, different IFLA guidelines in 12 areas of public libraries` programs and services for various classes of user community were drawn on and confirmed in the checklist of focus group. Totally, out of 12 guidelines (51 guideline statements) appraised by 4 evaluating groups, 8 guidelines can be implemented in Iranchr('39')s public libraries and the remaining 4 groups can be implemented under certain conditions. The findings of the quantitative part and a comparison drawn among the 4 groups on common statements using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test showed that there is no significant difference between the views of evaluating groups, namely librarians, experts, managers and organizational specialists; However, a significant difference was found between the above-mentioned groups and users. To increase the feasibility of implementation IFLA guidelines in Iranchr('39')s public libraries, some remedies are put forward, including: revising and correcting some instructions, learning about the population of users, assessing the user needs, setting up a task-force consisting of managers, librarians, experts and users to develop and regulate library activities.

The review of relevant literature in Iran and abroad showed that no research has already been conducted in order to codify IFLA qualitative guidelines in the field of public librarieschr('39') services and programs or to look into the feasibility of IFLA guidelineschr('39') implementation from the point of view of policy-makers and the relevant specialists. The findings of this research can help us with decision-making and policymaking in delivering implementing services and programs as well as in developing standards for public libraries.

The aim of present study was Analyzing the Perspectives of Instagram Followers of Iranian Public Libraries about Users` engagement and Features of pages` Content.

The study was conducted with a quantitative approach and survey method. The research community included followers of Instagram pages of Iranian public libraries. out of 602 of the research population (the followers of Iran’s public libraries pages), 235 followers were selected as the research sample using Krejcie and Morgan table. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Participants' responses to the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS and descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed that the majority of participants in the study believe that receiving information about library events and news and being aware of library resources are the most important motivations for them to follow the Instagram pages of public libraries in Iran. Respondents considered library posts in Instagram relatively good and had a mediocre view of their own engagement with library posts. The relationship between user engagement and motivation, membership duration and age of users variables is significant and direct, and the relationship between user engagement variable and membership variable is significant and inverse. In other words, the relationship between user motivation and their engagement has been significant and direct, so that the more motivated users have more engagement. However, the relationship between membership and engagement has been reversed, meaning that people who were not members of public libraries were more likely to participate in the Instagram pages of public libraries. Also, the relationship between the time variable of membership and engagement is significant and direct. In other words, the longer a person has been in public libraries, the more involved they are in the Instagram pages of public libraries. There is also a positive increase between the two age and user engagment variables, and with increasing age, the engagement has also increased. Finally, the variable correlation coefficient of education level and user egagement showed that the users with higher education level have the higher engagment rate. Also, no significant relationship was observed between the feature of the content provided variable and the population variables.

Instagram is an effective tool for marketing libraries and their services. Based on the result of present research, it is recommended that librarians provide more of the following contents for their Instagram posts: brief and useful information about library resources, and announcement of upcoming events. Also, as users are more engaged with videos and photos, using these formats in library posts, would bring more attention of users. Keywords: social network marketing, Instagram, user engagement, public library

Considering the importance of teaching styles and approaches in teaching elementary students, the role of information literacy in choosing and using different teaching approaches has been studied in this research.

This research is carried out by survey method. The research population were the elementary school teachers of the sixth grade from the city of Semnan city. Out of 110 teachers of the sixth elementary school grade from Semnan city in the academic year of 2012-2012, 86 teachers were selected by the stratified random sampling method. To collect data, two researcher-made questionnaires were used to measure the teachers' information literacy status and identify their teaching approaches.

According to the results, teachers` points in information literacy (with the mean of 76.1) were more than the average. The interactive style has the largest mean rate among teaching styles. It also showed that the teachers use the direct teaching style less than the average level and use the other styles higher than the average level. Findings of the research hypotheses showed that there is an inverse relationship between direct teaching style and information literacy and a direct relationship between indirect, problem-oriented and interactive teaching styles and information literacy. Teachers with more information literacy use more teaching styles (two, three and four styles).

The results of the research indicated that the teachers with information literacy skills use different approaches in their teaching process. Therefore, having information literacy skills can play a more effective role in choosing more diverse teaching styles and improving them.

The purpose of this study is to identify the components of information illustration related to user experience in the digital library of Allameh Tabatabai University. The research method is thinking aloud protocol and with a qualitative approach. The study population was undergraduate, graduate and doctoral students who were purposefully selected as a sample population of 30 people. Data collection was performed using Morae software, face-to-face observation, researcher's notebook and users' audio files.Findings show that elements such as fonts, color combinations, graphic images and their placement and arrangement in library pages have been of interest to users. Problems include not knowing how to use advanced search, as well as the use of a number of image icons. Based on the evidence, elements such as fonts, color combinations, graphic images, and their placement on page have been important to users. Users considered the suggestion of using animated visual symbols to be necessary to make the appearance attractive and facilitate users' information-seeking behavior, which to a large extent overlaps with and is in line with the principles and basis of information visualization. In this way, the use of eye-catching tools such as blinking characters, in turn, can play a key role in identifying important parts. Using fewer visual elements on the front page to increase the focus of the front page, using navigation features on the search page, and displaying a sequence of retrieved records on the results page were some of the common points that users mentioned.

The main purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of the students’ information sharing behavior in social network sites on different features of social capital. This research was an applied one for which survey method was employed. The population consisted of all the students studying at the universities in South Khorasan Province affiliated to the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology in the academic year of 1397-1398 (2018-2019). The students were supposed to have a minimum experience of six months in using one of the social network sites such as Telegram, Instagram or WhatsApp. The sample size was 384, which was calculated through the Cochran formula for the unknown population. To test the conceptual model of research and the hypotheses, the Partial Least Squares Approach to Structural Equation Modeling and SmartPLS (version 2) were used. The results of the conceptual model of the study confirmed a positive and significant relationship between the students’ information-sharing behavior in social network sites and their social capital and all its four characteristics (interactional, structural, functional and normative). The results also indicated that the demographic variables of gender, field of study and educational level had no significant effect on the relationship between information-sharing behavior in social network sites and social capital.

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the bibliometrics of Koomesh, as one of the oldest and most reputable Iranian medical journals.

This study was conducted using a bibliometric method on the articles published in Koomesh during the years 2006-2017. For this purpose, through advanced search in the Scopus database, 764 papers were extracted and bibliometric and Visualization analysis was carried out using Excel and VOSviewer software.

The publication process of articles and citations received by Koomesh is ascending. The number of articles reached from 14 to 100 articles in 2017 and the number of citations reached from zero citations in 2006 to 289 citations in 2017. The co-authorship map of the journal’s authors showed that Raheb Ghorbani, with 88 articles and 27 links, was the most active author and had the most co-authorship. Considerably, evaluation of organizational affiliation and contributing countries in the journal articles indicated that Semnan University of Medical Sciences was ranked first with 310 organizational affiliations and authors from nine countries participated in the articles received by the journal. According to the co-occurrence map of all 5424 keywords in the articles published in Koomesh, 127 keywords, which were the most frequent keywords in three clusters, had the frequency of 10 and more than 10. The article by Abdolreza Raja'i Fard, Abolfazl Mohammadbeygi and Narges Mohammad Salehi, "Estimation of natural age of menopause in Iranian women: A meta-analysis study" with 20 citations was the most cited article of Komosh in Scopus database.

This study presents a general perspective on Koomesh performance during the years 2006-2017. The findings of this study can serve as a roadmap to journalists and assist them in continuing their way.

The purpose of this research is to determine contribution of effective thematic disciplines in the formation of user interface theses in iran and their methodological analysis. The research was carried out using a quantitative content analysis method and a checklist for collecting data. Results showed that in more than 25 different universities in the country (including state, Payame Noor, non-profit, and Islamic Azad Universities), the theses in the field of the user interface have been performed and completed. The findings of the present study indicated that specialists with a degree in 18 subject fields have played a role in forming, guiding, and providing consultations for conducting theses in this field. However, experts Knowledge and Information Science have conducted or directed more than half of the theses in this field in Iran. Findings about research methodology of theses showed that only some methods and often in quantitative approach have been used. More than 40% of theses have been conducted using the survey method that is one of the most important methods of quantitative approach. In addition, they have often practical and used a single tool, often a questionnaire or checklist, to collect data. The tendency to use a small number of samples, as well as targeted sampling methods is observed. It seems in addition to conducting practical researches (especially evaluating the designed products and providing feedback to their designers), it is necessary to review the theoretical foundations and principles in this area and develop the theoretical field with using new research approaches, methods and tools.

Abstract
Promotion of the life of people with disabilities depends on the provision of their information needs. Employment plays a key role in the lives of these people and is considered as a way to improve their lives. The present study is aimed at assessing the information needs of people with disabilities who participated in the supportive employment program.
A qualitative research with the use of Grounded Theory examines the information needs of people with disability. The required data in this research were collected from semi-structured interviews with twenty four jobseekers who were purposefully and theoretically selected, and interviews continued to the saturation of data. Then, in the three stages of Open coding, Axial coding and Selective coding which are used in the Grounded Theory researches, the information needs of those with disabilities participated in the Supportive Employment Pragramme, were extracted.
The results of the study indicated that there was a wide variety of information needs in these four categories: general information and news, (2) empowerment and personal and family problems, (3) research, education, Lifelong Learning and (4) Professional and career information. The most important communication Channels were classified into five categories: cyberspace, mass media, human resources information, training courses, and responsible government bodies 
Due to the importance of obtaining information by the people with disability, eliminating their concerns and other needs of these people, attention to their information needs seems to be necessary. These needs were in many respects similar to those of ordinary people. The observed differences are due to the specific physical and mental status of this community, which the responsible institutions are required to provide the necessary facilities for access to the information they need.

INTRUDUCTION: The main aim of this study was to answer the question why information literacy is needed from the viewpoints of psychology undergraduate students majoring in Semnan University. This study was an applied research and used the grounded theory approach to reveal the viewpoints of undergraduate psychology students majoring at Semnan University. All undergraduate students studying psychology in this university at the time of the study (2016-2017) were the statistical population. Data collection process continued until data saturation. Because of the qualitative and exploratory nature of the research, data collection and analysis were conducted synchronously, and 18 semi-structured interviews were done. MaxQDA software was used for data coding. FINDINGS: A total of 74 general concepts appeared in the open coding process. Eleven main categories, such as necessity of familiarity with general and specialized databases, need to familiarity with the library and library resources and search process in the library, need for familiarity with the Internet and Internet search tools, necessity of paying attention to the validation of information and resources, need to know about citation management and referencing styles, need to some necessary skills such as information management, information seeking and English language skills, need to familiarity with general and special social networks and finally, and need to familiarity with information services and resources available in research context were found in this study as some reasons for why information literacy is needed. The concepts and categories extracted in this study, such as not being familiarity with the content of Persian and English language databases in the field of psychology and need for students to be familiarity with the scientific journals of psychology, and necessity of paying attention to these topics in teaching information literacy to the students. Familiarity with the library and its various units should be addressed by information literacy instructors. Also, along with the familiarity with the library, paying attention to Internet search tools and need to understand network concepts is important for the students of psychology. The attention and teaching of citation manager software packages and the need to pay attention to methods of validating resource should also be addressed by information literacy instructors in information literacy programs related to the psychology students. The presence of social networks has created a need for familiarity with various types of social and social networks for psychology students. The concepts and categories of present research can be used for planning information literacy workshops for psychology students at Semnan University

The main aim of this paper is determining the information needs of psychology student of Semnan University. This study is an applied research and uses grounded theory to reveal viewpoints of postgraduate psychology students at Semnan University. All undergraduate students studying psychology at the time of the study (2016-2017) were the statistical population. Data collection process continued until data saturation. Because of qualitative and exploratory nature of research, data collection and analysis were conducted until saturation, and 27 in-depth interviews finally done. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and MaxQDA softeware was sued for data coding. Five main categories, such as information needs about professional information and publication information, internet and social networks, research mechanism, contextual and academic special resources and information retrieval and search, were found in this study which were reveal as their information needs.

The main aim of this article is demonstrating the methodological approaches of articles published in the field of information literacy in Persian databases.
This article uses Scinetometrics methods. Full-text articles in the area of information literacy which published in information science journals and indexed in some Persian databases such as Center for Scientific Information (Sid), Magiran and other Persian-language databases were collected. The research methodology of downloaded articles were examine. Excel software was used for data extraction.
FINDINGS: The results showed that the mean number of authors of articles published during the period of study in the area of information literacy, is 2.4. From 180 authors in the area of information literacy, 96 (53.3%) were male and 84 (46.7%) were women. The findings also revealed that from 75 articles, only 62 articles (83%) has sued quantitative approaches only 13 (17%) was conducted using qualitative research methods. 61 article (81.3%) have sued a questionnaire as a data gathering tool and library studies (with 17.4%) on the second level remain as a data gathering tool. The findings also showed that two Islamic Azad University Branches (Sari and Ahwaz Medical Sciences), having the highest organizational affiliation (with 6 author), among other educational and research institutions. The Danshshnasy journal (Library and Information Science and Information Technology) and National Studies on librarianship and Information Organization journal (NASTINFO) via publishing ten articles, are the main journals which Iranian researchers tend to publish their articles in information literacy area.
according to results in published articles mainly quantitative approaches is used and it seems to pay attention to qualitative research in the area of information literacy is essential.

The purpose of this research is investigating the structure of research articles in the Iranian knowledge and information science journals (peer reviewed journals). In the next step, the writing guidelines in the scientific journals websites that designed to introduce desired structure of a scientific paper are studied.
The research was survey with analytical approach. The population of the research were articles published in the Persian scientific journals of knowledge and information science field in 2013-2015 and their writing guidelines. Stratified random sampling was used and, accordingly, 245 scientific articles were examined using a research checklist.
Research findings showed that the structure of the research articles reviewed are in a good condition and only in three sub-structural components i.e "theoretical foundations", "research application" and "research limitations", consistent with the desired structure is weak. About the writing guidelines, the findings showed that they are in the unfavorable condition. Some structural components i.e "brief review of the scientific literature," "rationale to the study," "aim and motivation of the research", "advantages and importance of the research", "the research time", "space of the research", "credibility (reliability) of the research tools", "reliability of the study" did not appear in any writing guidelines. The first hypothesis showed a significant difference between research journals about their matching with the desired structure of the research article. However, the overall average ratings of the articles structure in this journals are in the good condition. Also in the second hypothesis was found a significant difference between the compliance rate of writing guides and articles published in the scientific journals with the desired research article structure.
Due to structural weakness in the writing guidelines of Persian peer-reviewed journals studied, can be such a conclude that authors of these articles shape the article structure based on what they have been trained and not attend to the writing guidelines of the journals. From the other side, one of the reasons of the structural weakness in the structure of the articles is disregarding editors and the other practitioners of journals to offering needed help contents.

The purpose of this research investigating the impact of skill-based capabilities on help seeking behavior of digital libraries users. the present research was carried out using a mixed method. With using of Stratified Purposive Sampling, 39 MS and PhD students of Ferdowsi University was selected as a sample. The tools that are used for collecting and analyzing data are questionnaire, think aloud protocol and Morae software. results of path analysis showed that Information literacy variable has a stronger impact on users` help seeking behavior than computer literacy variable. Results also confirmed that information and computer literacy have a reverse impact on frequency of help seeking situations and help uses. But the information literacy variable has only a reverse impact on frequency of help requests with users in this research. The results confirmed the necessity of offering computer and information literacy instructions to digital library users especially when they encounter with problems in help seeking situations. Then, some recommendations to upgrade digital libraries` help facilities with considering different users skill capabilities are submitted in the end of article.

The purpose of this research lies in Analyzing Strategic Plan Dimensions for Research Development in Organization of Libraries, Museums and Documentation Center of Astan Quds Razavi. For this purpose, current status of research in organization for four strategic development dimensions (attitude, policy, management, staffing) from the organization's senior professionals views have been investigated.

The method of this research is based on descriptive survey. 34 AQ organization's senior professionals were selected as a sample. The tool for collecting the data was a questionnaire made by a researchers.

The data showed that there is a relative satisfaction of the research development programs (with regard to four dimensions: attitude, policy, management, staffing) in the AQ organization. The positive attitude of AQ organization's senior professionals is an opportunity for research development. The data also showed that one of the more important challenges for AQ research development is a weakness in policy making dimension. Although there have been management issues in AQ organization research development, experts relative satisfaction of the quantity and quality of research projects could be promising for the possibility of changes in the research structure. However, some problems and challenges are: lack of research funding and low research fees, poor research facilities and conditions, necessity of encouraging researchers to select and implement appropriate research projects, challenges about research findings advertisement, research administrative structure ineffectiveness, problems related to the publication of research findings and their implementation, failure to allocate adequate facilities for the research advancement and the lack of a suitable environment for the research development. The findings also showed that there is a good level of satisfaction about AQ organization interaction with other research organizations and researchers. There is unsatisfactory about low impact of research activities in staff gradation.

The purpose of this research lies in identifying and analyzing help facilities and capabilities in Iranian digital libraries software based on representation, content, format, style and access criteria. The method of this research is based on descriptive survey. 13 Iranian digital libraries were selected as a sample. The tool for collecting the data was a checklist made by a researcher. The mean of the overall state of the help facilities and capabilities scores (33 from 100) is an indication of the suboptimal state of these facilities and capabilities. This implies that the designers and programmers of these digital libraries have been rather negligent when it comes to effectively designing help facilities and capabilities. This lack of attention can lead to inefficiencies and lack of user interest towards digital libraries. Findings show that from a representational aspect, only National Library and Archive digital library have a score higher than 50%. Furthermore, from a content-based point of view, only four digital libraries (Tebyan, Islamic Document and Information Center, Human Sciences and National Library and Archive) have a score higher than 50%. Concerning the format, only three digital libraries (Majlis, Astan Quds Razavi, Ahlolbayt) have a score higher than 50% and from a style-related aspect, only five digital libraries (Islamic Document and Information Center, Ahlolbayt, National Library, Tebyan and Human Sciences) have a score higher than 50%. Moreover, from an access-related aspect, only three digital libraries (Human Sciences, National Library and Archive and Islamic Document and Information Center) have a score higher than 50%. Generally, given all the aforementioned aspects, it was found that two National Libraries and Archive and Islamic Document and Information Center digital libraries having a score of 57% from Help Facilities and Capabilities are ranked first and Human Sciences digital library having 51% from Help Facilities and Capabilities have been ranked second. Other digital libraries having scores lower than averages are in subsequent ranks. Finally, some executive recommendations have been provided to digital library designers to design effective help facilities and capabilities.

The goal of this research is showing Cataloger's view of Three big Libraries in Mashhad (Astan Quds Library, Central Library of Ferdowsi University, and Central Library of Medical Sciences University of Mashhad) Toward Resource Description and Access Rules (RDA). Measuring the level of familiarity of catalogers with RDA and the level of acceptance it with them are from other goals of this research. The method of this research is experimental and was done based on pre-post test. The level of cataloger's familiarity with RDA in this research has measured in two ways: the personal comment and the actual test. Findings shows that level of personal comment familiarity with RDA before education is upper than middle and the level of actual familiarity before education is lower than middle. But after offering specialized education in a workshop about RDA findings shows the level of two kinds of familiarity are raising upper than middle. From other findings is the positive impact of education in acceptance level of RDA with catalogers. So, we can conclude that level of acceptance of RDA with catalogers has risen after education and in result of raised familiarity with these rules. According to the findings, there aren’t significant relationships between age, work experience of catalogers and their self-comment familiarity, actual familiarity and the level of acceptance of RDA with them. Catalogers also have demanded to make changes in library software's to better using of RDA in the future. They have requested to use from help capabilities to introduce the changes in cataloging rules, offering sufficient education to catalogers before Implementing RDA, coordinate cataloging worksheets, review in headings of information organization lessons and apply catalogers in the workgroup of software update.

This study aims to determine the status of the librarian's general and specialized reading at Mashhad public libraries and identify the factors which impact it. A descriptive analytical method was used as the research method. A researcher-made questionnaire was selected as the tool for data collection. According to the librarians, the average time they spend a day on general and specialized reading is respectively 47.77 and 29.08 minutes. The findings showed that the librarian's interest in general reading is higher than an intermediate level while their specialized reading is lower than an average level. Increasing general information, learning to enjoy by reading, and responding to the library clients have been the most important reasons reported by the librarians for their general reading. However, the most important reasons for their specialized reading have emerged to be increasing their ability to respond to the clients, being up-to-date and active participation in scientific communities. Tiredness resulting from daily work, ineffectiveness of reading in job evaluation, and administrative rules have been the major obstacles reported by the librarians for specialized reading. Findings also indicated a significant negative correlation between the librarian's age and their general and specialized reading.Originality/Value: This study has documented the reading status of librarians of Mashhad public libraries and identified some existing challenges and problems. In case they are solved and systematic plans are adopted by managers, qualified librarians and information consultants may be trained for public libraries.