mohammadamin negahban

Since the beginning of the decadence of the Ottoman Empire, Iraqi society faced a major problem: the development of "national identity and the nation-state." The strategies of various Iraqi-political forces, from romantic nationalists to Baathist nationalists and political Islamists, despite many differences, were formulated on the centrality of preserving the nation- state of this country against other Western and Iranian ones, but the way this nation-state building was the subject of many disputes. This research analyzes Ayatollah Sistani's strategies in facing the problem of the nation - state building of the new Iraq, using the hermeneutic method of the Skinner. Therefore, the central question is, what are Ayatollah Sistani's strategies for the development of national identity and nation- state in Iraq? The findings of the research show that Ayatollah Sistani, while explaining the problem of the destruction of religious and national culture in Iraq, declares that the creation of national identity and nation - state in this country, through the three components of "the emergence of a righteous citizen" in order to cure the suffering of ethnic sectarianism, "the establishment of peaceful coexistence "It can be done to heal the pain of political sectarianism and to "establish new political institutions" to cure the pain of tyranny.

After encountering the western civilization, Iranian society faced a big problem, and that was Iran's backwardness in the circle of modernity. The solution of Iranian intellectuals, from Mirza Agha Khan Kermani to Ali Shariati, despite many differences, was to preserve the national identity against the Western and Arab differences, or to return to the Iranian self, which was once the heart of the world; But this Iranian identification was a source of much controversy. In this research, relying on Zia Ebrahimi's theory of nationalism and based on Skinnery's method, Shadman's solution of Pahlavi era intellectuals in facing the issue of Iranian backwardness is analyzed. Dislocation nationalism considers the Arab invasion as the cause of Iran's backwardness and the way out of it is to return to the identity of ancient Iran, but civil nationalism looks for the cause of backwardness in the inefficiency and internal weakness of the society, whose solution in legalism is to preserve the identity. It sums up the national with all its diversity and the use of all capacity-building identities. Therefore, our central question in this research in the face of Shadman's thought is, what is Shadman's solution to compensate for Iranian backwardness? Shadman shows us that the way of development in the modern era is to maintain and modernize the national identity through the language tool, and the conquest of Western civilization through scientism is influenced by that. Therefore, he does not have a one-dimensional and technical view of identity and language.