فهرست مطالب mohammadhadi ghasemi

Sulfonamide compounds with functional group -SO2NH- show a wide range of biological activities and medicinal properties. The synthesis of sulfonamides has been of interest to medicinal chemists for a long time. In this article, the selective acylation of sulfanilamide with acetic anhydride was carried out using some catalysts with Lewis acid properties. In this research, the one-pot selective method of N-acylation of -SO2NH2 group in sulfanilamide molecule using stannous oxide nanoparticles as an efficient recyclable catalyst has been used. In this method, THF was replaced with expensive toxic amine solvents. The acylated product was identified by FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and MASS spectra. The best results with 85% efficiency, 95% selectivity were obtained using stannous oxide nanoparticles as catalyst (0.5 g) in tetrahydrofuran as solvent, at 60°C in 60 minutes. The catalyst was recycled three times and maintained its efficiency. Using this method is completely green and has economic and environmental benefits.

In the Islamic perspective, "humanization" and "civilization" are two fundamental pillars essential for achieving the ultimate divine objectives, each possessing an irreplaceable luster. The Holy Qur'an views the purpose of sending messengers as fostering humanization, which is the primary goal of creation, making the establishment of civilization crucial to creating an environment conducive to humanization. Moreover, the unique Islamic capacities across various dimensions demonstrate the strength of Islamic civilization on a global scale. Among the most significant and profound discussions to date are the thoughts and opinions of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution on modern Islamic civilization. These discussions have distinctive features in the realms of civilization research, development, and the future of the Islamic world. This article, therefore, concentrates on his perspectives to gather and examine the catalysts and conditions necessary for the emergence of a modern Islamic civilization through future studies. The research adopts an exploratory-mixed approach using qualitative methods, including document review, text analysis, and interviews with seven experts, to compile the elements and drivers of modern Islamic civilization as envisioned by the Supreme Leader. In the quantitative phase, an expert survey and questionnaire were employed to validate and rank each prerequisite and driver for the advent of modern Islamic civilization. The research findings highlight prerequisites such as a forward-looking approach to civilization, systematization, and management model excellence, along with lifestyle adjustments. Additionally, drivers like science and technology, the unity of Islamic nations, and spirituality are identified as some of the most crucial aspects articulated in the Supreme Leader's intellectual framework.

The rapid growth of communication, IT and change in the lifestyle of urban dwellers with their increasing presence in the virtual space on the one hand and the significant increase in the process of urbanization and migration on the other hand have caused, creating a high population density in cities and so the necessity of managing and providing urban services based on technological tools & Information is more visible than before. In the meantime, some countries have made the development of cities and the electronicization of urban services dependent on conduct of special studies through policy and planning, from the results of which projects are extracted, which are known today as projects to create smart cities. Therefore, the aim of this research is to draw the future space of cities for the country's policy makers and planners and to confront them with the uncertainties that they will face in the future, and with a strategic view of this issue, while identifying the actors and drivers related to the creation and development of smart cities in The country has drawn the future space of these cities in the horizon of 1420. This research is of a qualitative type and in it, with the help of 19experts, during the holding of expert panels, the Peter Schwartz method was used for scenario development and four plausible scenarios were presented. Also, at the end of the research, suggestions are made to reach the desired scenario that can make the path to desired future smoother.

Today, due to the increasing speed and intensity of environmental changes, policy-making processes have undergone extensive changes compared to the past, so governments need innovative mechanisms and transition from traditional governance methods to modern governance in order to prevent policy failures, improve and increase the effectiveness of their adopted policies. In response to these changes, policy laboratories formulate public policies in an innovative way with the participation of citizens and government institutions. On the other hand, strategic foresight has the capacity to, in practical terms, while examining the formulated policies and strategies, draw the believable atmosphere of the future of these policies and strategies and facilitate the possibility of reaching the intended goals in the future. By using the possibilities of foresight in the policy making processes of a laboratory, it is possible to present more favorable policy ideas that respond to the changes and turbulences of the policy environment and the future of a policy. Therefore, in the current research, an effort was made to present a proposed process for a policy laboratory with a strategic foresight approach, and the design path of this process based on the selection of practical and effective models in policy making and foresight should be considered together.

Since the beginning, Islamic Republic of Iran, according to its essential ideological principles and with the sanctioned support of its Constitution, has always sought material and spiritual aid to Islamic resistance and liberation movements; and has consequently incurred many costs in this direction. The successes of the Lebanese Islamic Resistance against the Zionist regime, the formation of a popular mobilization in Iraq to confront the terrorist group ISIS, the intellectual and political growth of the West Asian nations in recent years; regional demands tied to ideals such as independence, justice, and Islamism; dealing with interventionist powers; as well as the rise of the Islamic awakening of the oppressed people in countries such as Bahrain, Yemen, Palestine, Syria, etc.; have all provided a critical opportunity to throughly analyze the emergence of the resistance front and its reasons.This study discusses intellectual foundations in the field of foreign policy, and examines the components of this front, from the perspective of strategic foresight and its related tools. By employing strategic foresight methods, through environmental scanning, the phenomena and issues related to emergence of the resistance front have been identified, and priorities of these issues have been categorized. Finally, by utilizing cross impact analysis method and MicMac software, key factors and their direct and indirect effects of assessment are evaluated. Hence, the most important issues related to the emergence of the resistance axis are investigated.

At present, the production of data related to individuals, companies, and especially the data of citizens and its use, is growing rapidly. Today more than ever on the Internet, travel, leisure, business, and in almost every aspect of daily life, we leave a digital footprint, and this data provides great potential value to consumers, companies, government and security organizations. In the digital age, it is easy to use a wide range of citizens' data and information for broader purposes and subjects that were not anticipated in the past. Unforeseen events in the future, such as the outbreak of Corona, can also have a profound impact on the use and sharing of citizens' data and change public attitudes towards the issue. In the present research, with the statistical community including experts related to the subject and 12 statistical samples, while using the scenario method, four future scenarios about citizen data systems are presented, which express global norms, business models, international laws and governments' approaches to Citizens' data can be developed and made significant changes. In some scenarios, there is convergence in data governance, and data moves more freely around the world. In others, governments take more divergent and often more restrictive approaches, and data is increasingly localized; Therefore, in the atmosphere of future uncertainty, while recognizing that international cooperation is inevitable, national data management is also vital, and we must take the path that best ensures national security and the interests of our country.

Muscle strength is needed for performing many movements and skills in football like speed decreasing, shooting, dribbling, rotating, and jumping. Several studies shown that lower limb muscle strength can increase the quality of exercise skills. But few studies have compared the strength of players at different levels. Therefore, the present study intends to investigate the strength of the isokinetic and isometric knee muscles of the elite, sub-elite and amateur football players of Iran. For this purpose, the isokinetic strength of the knee muscles in 102 soccer players including 29 players of the national under-23 football team of Iran (elite), 29 players of 1st division of under-23 football team of Iran (sub-elite) and 44 players of 2nd division of under-23 football team of Tehran province (amateur) was measured for angular momentum of 60 and 180 degrees per second by the isokinetic Biodex System 4. The isometric strength of flexor and extensor muscles of knee were measured at an angle of 60 degree. The results of the ANOVA test showed that there is a significant difference in strength of flexor and extensor knee muscles in both momentum angles of 60 and 180 degrees per second and flexor/extensor isokinetic strength ratio at 180 degrees per second speed between elite, sub-elite, amateur. However, there was no significant difference in the ratio of flexor /extensor isokinetic strength ratio at 60 degrees per second. Also, there was a significant difference in isometric strength of the extensor and flexor muscles at knee flexion angle of 60 degrees in the three groups. Considering the results of the present study, it can be concluded that exercises and the competition level affect the isokinetic and isometric strength of the knee muscles of young football players of Iran.