mohammadhossein farjam

This study aims to examine the phytochemical properties and chemical composition of Cleome Turkmena Bobrov. The total Essential Oil (EO) of aerial parts and different organs was obtained by the Clevenger apparatus and characterized by GC-MS. The hydroethanolic extract of C. turkmena was extracted by maceration technique. The hydroalcoholic extract and EO, derived from various plant components, were evaluated in terms of antimicrobial activity against human and plant pathogens. The amount of total phenol was determined in the methanolic extract. By performing GC-MS analysis, 31 compounds were identified. Thymol (30.92%) and m-Tymol (24.04%), known as phenolic monoterpenoids derivatives, were found to be the major plant constituents. The best inhibitory activity was observed in the MIC test against Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia albertii, Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternate, and Aspergillus niger. Considering the significant phytochemical content and antibacterial properties of C. turkmena, it should be a promising candidate for comprehensive phytochemical research in future studies.

Haplophyllum is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rutaceae.[1] It is the only genus in the subfamily Haplophylloideae. In spite of various researches on Haplophyllum Species essential oils, there was no report on Haplophyllum affine. In this article volatile components of this Iranian endemic species is informed for the first time. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from flowering aerial parts of Haplophyllum affine was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Seventeen constituents constituting 98.48% of the total oil were detected. The major ingredients were Elemol (25%), Caryophyllene oxide (17%), Phytol acetate (9.2%), 14-hydroxy -9-epi-E- Caryophyllene (7.16%), Eudesmol-α (6.08%) and Caryophyllen-β (6%).

Herbal medicines are now in huge prospects in the developing and developed nation for basic health treatment. They are inexpensive and has minimal side effects. Cleome species are one of the potential sources of secondary metabolites which have high medicinal value and huge utility in healthcare development. In this study, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils and ethanol extracts from various parts of two cleome species named Cleome brachycarpa (Forssk.) Vahl ex DC. and Cleome quinquenervia DC. were investigated. Antibacterial activities were determined using the MIC method against pathogenic bacteria and fungi responsible for common infections and antioxidant effects were determined by DPPH assays. Essential oils of both plants were performed better antimicrobial activities than their extracts. Also, in two tested plant oils and extracts, the antifungal properties showed better performance than antibacterial effects. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay, C. quinquenervia leaf and C. brachycarpa flower and oils showed the highest activities with IC50 values of 69 and 75 µg/ml, respectively. In the present study, the essential oils obtained by hydro distillation of the organs of C. quinquenervia and C. brachycarpa were analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 48 compounds were identified in C. quinquenervia essential oil and 19 compounds in C. brachycarpa essential oil. The dominant constituents assessed in the essential oil of C. quinquenervia were p-Caryophylline-(I3) (% 29), Dibutyl phthalate (% 13), β_Element (% 11). In the case of C. brachycarpa, the main components of the total oil were: were Ent-sandaracopimaradien-3β-ol (68.02%), Cembrene (6.98%), Juniper camphor (4.2%).

In the process of extracting chemical compounds from the extract of   Cleome turkmena Bobrov, a flavonoid with a high weight percentage was extracted as pure green crystals.  The compound was purified using several chromatographic and recrystallization methods and identified by crystallography and 1H, 13C NMR and it was determined that this flavonoid is Salvigenin with the scientific name 5-hydroxy-4',6,7-trimethoxyflavone. Also, according to the lot of reports about the antibiotic properties of flavonoids, the effect of Salvigenin on inhibiting the growth of several bacteria and fungi was investigated by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion (DD) methods.  The best inhibition against Bacillus pumilus with MIC value of 64 µg/ml. In disk diffusion method, best result was recorded against Salmonella typhi.

In recent years, medicinal plants have been used as sources of natural composition and they are used as alternative for synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobial agents in food and pharmaceutical industry, natural therapy and alternative medicine. The present regard is the first report on the assessment of chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from the seeds of Nicotiana rustica L. Isolated from Iran. Tobacco seeds were collected from the tobacco fields in Borazjan city of Iran. Essential oils of the seed of N. rustica were prepared by hydro - distillation using Clevenger type apparatus during 3 hours after that Qualitative and composition of the oil was determined by GC-MS. The antioxidant activity of essential oil has been investigated by using DPPH assay method. For antimicrobial activity and MIC, MBC and MFC of the essential oil Micro broth dilution technique on eight pathogenic bacteria and two fungi has been used. The results obtained showed the presence of 28 components, in the oil with the highest content of Myristicin (32.75%) and ar-Turmerone (5.71%). The antioxidant activity of N. rustica oil was IC50 µg/mL = 27.93±0.834. In addition, oil has shown the best antimicrobial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of antimicrobial assays indicated that the most of examined microorganisms have been affected in low concentration. Also the essential oil demonstrates strong antioxidant activity but antifungal activity was not observed.

Medicinal sewages are considered as one of the most dangerous sewages due to their effects on human health and the environment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the photodegradation of cephalexin contaminants in aqueous solutions using synthetic photocatalyst nanostructure.

In this study, a new metal-organic compound (Zn-MOC) synthesized by the synthetic sonocyte (4-cyanophenyl) porphyrin synthetic ligand (nanostructure) was used to optically degrade cephalexin. All parameters affecting the degradation efficiency of pollutants, including pH, irradiation time, amount of photocatalyst, and cephalexin concentration, are investigated and optimized using the central cube design (CCD) method, which is one of the response surface methods (RSM).  

Zn-based synthetic photocatalyst nanostructure (Zn-MOC) showed very high efficiency (94.20%) in the degradation of cephalexin in the presence of visible light.

The synthetic photocatalyst used in this study showed high efficiency in a shorter time. Also, the optimal parameter values affecting the photodegradation process of cephalexin were observed by Zn-MOC at pH=4 the amount of photocatalyst was 0.90 g/l, the irradiation time was 45 minutes and the contaminant concentration was 4.80 mg /l.

Nowadays, medicinal plants are considered as a valuable source of natural compounds used in the development of antimicrobial and antioxidant drugs. The objectives of this study were to evaluate chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Ziziphus spina-christivar. Aucheri (Boiss.) Qaiser & Nazim. essential oil. Essential oil was obtained by hydro-distillation using Clevenger type apparatus during approximately 3 hours and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Eleven components were identified in Z. spina-christivar. Aucheri essential oil that represented 92.14% of the oil. The main components of the oil were Carotol (42.20%), hexadecanoic acid (13.75%), linoleic acid (11.76%), vetivenic acid (9.56%) and (-)(+)valeranone (7.06%). Antioxidant activity of the essential oil was performed using 1,1-diphenyl–2– picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ribosomal degradation assay (HRS). Antimicrobial activity was investigated by micro broth dilution method. The antioxidant activity of Z. aucheri was IC50 = 53.91 ± 2.431 and showed only by DPPH method. The oil had antimicrobial activity in low concentrations against Aspergillusniger, Penicillium digitatum and Klebsiella pneumonia.

In this study , Copper oxide as a good and inexpensive adsorbent has been introduced and used for the removal of erythrosine and red carmoisine dyes from several water solutions successfully. The effect of various parameters such as pH, dye concentration, amount of adsorbent, contact time and temperature on removal processing was investigated. Adsorption isothermal data could be interpreted by the Langmuir and Freundlich, isotherm models.

In This applicable research, investigating absorption of process ofErythrosine dye on Copper oxide Nano particles Adsorbent was studied. First, prepared dyeconcentrations of 6, 8 and 12 mg L-1 and then effects of parameters such as concentrations ofinitial dye, time and pH on dye absorption efficiency were investigated.The dyeconcentrations in different samples were measured via spectrophotometer (505.6 nm for dyeErythrosine wavelength).The results of absorption studies showed that Erythrosine absorption or removal rateswould increase with decreasing the primary dye concentration, increasing reaction time , anddecreasing pH on the basis of the results, copper oxide Nano particles can the absorbErythrosine dye appropriately and efficiency of the process is higher in acidic pH for dyeErythrosine. The maximum dye removal of 93.68 % could be achieved at initial pH 2 usingadsorbent dosage of 0.233gr in 50 ml (12 mg L-1 dye concentration) and agitation rate of 180rpm. Effect of different parameters as kinetic parameters, were calculated pseudo-First andsecond-order kinetic, the Langmuir and Freundlich models Isotherm for absorb of this dye onadsorbent. this results showed that second-order kinetic adherence possessing regressioncoefficient of R2 ≥ 0.999, absorption or removal of Erythrosine on Copper oxide nanoparticles and different parameters for investigating of process rate of absorption in to be thisexperience. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model for dye with adsorbent.

Two flavones, ladanein and 6-hydroxy-5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone and one labdane-type diterpene, ent-13-epi-manoyloxide, were isolated from an ethyl acetate-methanol extract of the aerial parts of Salvia sharifii. The compounds were purified using several chromatographic methods. Structural elucidation of the compounds was performed using their 1H and 13C-NMR data, EI mass and UV spectral data. The compounds have been subjected to antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. The diterpene showed higher cytotoxic activity than the flavones while the later compounds were better antioxidants compared with the isolated diterpene.