mohammadmahdi faridvand

The problems of lack of urban land and attention to environmental approaches, including energy issues and reducing the lost surface of natural land, are among the reasons for the importance of the high-rise construction industry. This research, conducted in 2023 with Morrison's model, is a descriptive survey and has a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of research method. In the qualitative part, focus groups and in-depth interviews were used, and in the quantitative part, descriptive survey research methods and questionnaire tools were used. The qualitative statistical population included experts, industry managers, and high-level construction industry entrepreneurs, 12 people were selected in the qualitative stage and 57 people were selected in the quantitative stage. The findings showed that the businesses and activities: providing specialized training for the training of forces at 4 levels: "technician and worker", "Bachelor of Project and Construction Management", "Operation and Construction Management" and "Engineering Specialist Category Forces" in addition "Identification and introduction of intelligent BMS building management systems", "business development through research and development" and "introduction of equipment, exclusive and new technologies of the high-rise construction industry" were identified as entrepreneurial opportunities in the high-rise construction industry of Tehran. Obviously, due to the limited possibilities, It is possible to develop the high-rise construction industry more effectively by focusing on these precise axes,

According to the studies conducted on New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs), the biggest problem of these companies is their access to financial resources. Studies show that among the indirect intervention policies, credit guarantee schemes have been considered by governments for facilitating the financing of these enterprises due to the need for less budget and a higher leverage effect. The purpose of this article is to present the appropriate credit guarantee model for new technology-based Firms.

In this study, which used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, firstly, by reviewing the literature, credit guarantee models, key components, and main criteria for choosing the appropriate credit guarantee model were identified and validated by the opinion of an expert group. Finally, the most appropriate model was selected using the Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Model and Analytical Network Process (ANP). Also, to form the grounds for policy implications for credit guarantee programs in Iran, an in-depth study of credit guarantee programs in the country and a comparison of the constituent components of credit guarantee programs with the classified models for credit guarantee in the world was carried out.

The findings of this study indicate a lack of effective policy formulation and a deficiency in the precise and targeted selection of a local credit guarantee model for emerging technology-based firms in Iran. The central outcomes of this study revolve around the identification of credit guarantee models, the delineation of key components, and the establishment of criteria for choosing the most suitable credit guarantee model. Furthermore, the research entails the ranking of both these criteria and the various models under consideration. According to the insights gathered from experts in this domain, the research findings highlight the primary criteria for selecting a credit guarantee model. These criteria, ranked in order of significance include: facilitating the provision of credit services, assessing the consequences of the credit guarantee system, effective risk management, and governance of the credit guarantee system. This ranking reflects the experts' assessment of the most pivotal factors when evaluating credit guarantee programs. The criterion of facilitating the provision of credit services has the most weight (importance). Also, policy implications such as: "Government support policies regarding the development of guarantee tools", " creating a centralized and reliable credit risk database" and "Governance and functional changes in the country's credit guarantee institutions" were proposed to create a local credit guarantee system for NTBFs.

In this research, utilizing the ANP methodology, the selection of an apt credit guarantee model for the nation aligns with the specific requirements of emerging technology-based firms, the prevailing economic and institutional landscape, and global best practices and successful models. This approach holds substantial promise for achieving significant success, not only in shaping effective policies but also in their successful implementation within the realm of financing for these companies. Reforming the institutional and functional structure of the country's credit guarantee institutions in the short term, as well as the formation of new credit guarantee institutions according to successful credit guarantee models in the world and their development in the long run can play a significant role in the financing of NTBFs.

The stable and easy access of New Technology-Based Firms (NTBFs) to financial resources is of particular importance due to their significant role in the development of the knowledge-based economy. Surveys show that among the indirect intervention measures, credit guarantee programs have received more attention from governments to facilitate the financing of NTBFs due to the need for limited budget and appropriate leverage effect. In the current research, using the survey method, more than 400 companies were studied to check the status of credit guarantee programs of  NTBFs in Iran. Based on the results of the research, the evaluation and validation system and guarantees and collaterals are the most important challenges of the mentioned companies in the field of financing. Also, the weakness, lack or absence of evaluation and validation system, ease of access to financial resources, diversity in guarantee tools, intermediate institutions in the field of technology, provision of guarantees and collaterals and intervention and support of the government are recognized as the main challenges to the success of credit guarantee programs for NTBFs. Therefore, improvement of government policies, development of guarantee tools and models, creation of a centralized and reliable credit risk database and networking to facilitate interactions were extracted and recommended