فهرست مطالب mohammadreza alavi moghaddam

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and ambient temperature on ozone concentration in the city of Tehran. In this regard, the hourly concentration for ozone and nitrogen oxides for the first half of 1396-98 were used. Also the 2-weeks averaged data for BTEX monitored by passive sampling method and 30-minutes averaged temperature data monitored at Mehrabad airport were used. First, daily variations of ozone and nitrogen oxides with their corresponding indexes were analyzed. Then, the role of nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide on ozone concentration were investigated by statistical analysis. The results show a meaningful relationship between ozone and both nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide with the coefficient of determinations of 0.83 and 0.8, respectively. Although an apparent increasing trend in ozone concentrations has been observed in recent years, however, no similar trends are detected for nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide. The limited available data for BTEX, shows a 17.3% increase from 1394 to 1398. The daytime temperature analysis for the 30 days with the highest ozone concentrations showed an increasing trend from 1396 to 1398. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increasing trends of BTEX concentrations and ambient temperature were probably responsible for the increasing trend of ozone concentration in the study period.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude changes of integrated management of urban water/wastewater in the Iran's parliamentary laws since the Constitutional Revolution. During this period, the National Parliament and the Islamic Parliament have ratified eight and ten laws regarding this field, respectively. According to the obtained results, water resources and wastewater collection have been considered more than other sections of the cycle and wastewater treatment sector has had the lowest frequency. In this regard, the main attitude of the laws and the presented solutions have been "political". In addition, before the Islamic Revolution, there were no laws with a "preventive and protective" approach and none of the laws provided an "educational-promotional" solution. However, after the Islamic Revolution, this important and effective approach has been considered in some laws. The initial national authorities for water distribution and treatment were the Municipality and the Ministry of Health, respectively; however, the major responsibilities of this sector were left to the Ministry of Energy since its establishment in 1974. In the first years after the Islamic Revolution, the Ministry of Energy was still responsible for this field and no new authority had been created. About a decade later, the holding of National Water and Wastewater Company formed as the head of authority and the provincial companies were created as its subsets, which was the milestone of integrated urban water and wastewater management in the country; the original nature of this authority has been preserved so far since its formation.

The main purpose of this study is an analytical comparison of attitude change to integrated management of urban water/wastewater in the development plans of Iran, before and after the Islamic Revolution. The results indicate that there are four periods of changes in attitude towards this issue in Iran. The first period was initiated to launch planning thinking. In the second period, which lasted till before the Islamic Revolution, the planning system in Iran, after gaining experience, has undergone a dramatic change and some issues such as national coverage of the wastewater collection system, reliable water supply and minimum price of water, were mentioned in the development plans for the first time. In the end years of this period, planning in Iran was matured and all aspects of integrated management except water treatment had been considered. The third period came simultaneously with the revision of the constitution of Iran, after the revolution. In this period, supported by macro policies after the mid-2000s, a period of excellence in the approach of integrated management of urban water and wastewater was created. Also, a macro roadmap in the planning system of Iran was developed. The fourth period of attitude changes began with the beginning of the second step of the revolution and will last until 2065. In this period, the "Islamic-Iranian Model of Progress", as an upstream framework of the macro policies and development plans, have a significant role in establishing an integrated urban water and wastewater management approach in future development plans.

The main aim of the present study is to compare rank between two selected universities in Iran including Amirkabir University of Technology (AUT) and Sharif University of Technology (SUT). For this purpose, four global ranking systems including ISC, THE, QS and Leiden are explained to determine their major criteria along with related weight and sub-criteria. It is found that SUT achieved better rank especially in “citations”, “academic reputation” and “research” among three out of four selected ranking systems. However, “scientific production” and “International students” have an important role in AUT rank along with Leiden ranking system. The maximum difference between the selected universities rank was related to THE ranking system. It is suggested that actions should be taken towards more attention to quality and quantity of papers, citations and academic stuff/students attendance at international activities in order to achieve better rank.

Nowadays، the management of environmental issues such as hazardous waste is not simply a technical problem. But is confounded by legal، social، political and even ethical considerations. Environmental ethics asks about the moral relationships between humans and the world around us. Due to important issues of our present world، the understanding of main principles of environmental ethics and philosophy is become essential for all specialists who are working at different fields. The environmental issues cannot be solved without the help of all people specially managers and engineers. The main aim of this paper is to compare different ethical perspectives regarding to our environment. In this paper، different ethical perspectives including humanisms، biocentrism (life-centered)، ecocentrisms (eco-centeric)، utilitiarinism are briefly explained. In addition، the point of view of religious regarding to environment is briefly discussed. Humanism claims that we are unique because of our intelligent، foresight and creativity and on the other hand، eco-centrism claims that all ecological processes and systems have intrinsic values and right regardless of whether they are useful to us. Furthermore، the importance and role of the Codes of Ethics for engineers، which are adopted by several professional associations، are described in the paper

Nowadays, the management of environmentalissues such as hazardous waste is not simply atechnical problem, but is confounded by legal,social, political and even ethical considerations.Environmental ethics deals with the moral issuesinvolved in relationships between humans and theworld around us. Due ro the importance of theseissues in our present world, the understanding ofmain principles of environmental ethics and philosophyhas become essential for all specialistswho are working in different fields. The environmentalissues cannot be solved without the helpof all people, specially managers and engineers.The main aim of this paper is to compare differentethical perspectives regarding our environment.In the paper, different ethical perspectives includinghumaisn, biocentrism (life-centered), ecocentrism(eco-centeric), and utilitiarinism are brieflyexplained. In addition, the religious view pointsregarding the environment are briefly discussed.Humanism claims that human society is uniquebecause of out intelligent, foresight and creativityand on the other hand, eco-centrism claims that allecological processes and systems have intrinsicvalues and rights regardless of their usefulness.Furthermore, the importance and role of the codesof Ethics for engineers, which are adopted by severalprofessional associations, are described in thepaper.