mohammadreza aqharebparast

The long-term political conflict in Afghanistan over the acquisition of power reached its peak in 2022 with the fall of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and the Taliban's resumption of power. However, to find the roots of the many causes of this event, we must consider the geographical and ethnic-racial features of Afghanistan, along with the efforts of the modern governments of this country in the direction of nation-state building in the context of political history, as well as the role of neighbors and regional and extra-regional powers. In addition, centralized/decentralized and federal/non-federal governance models should also be discussed in theory and practice. In this article, an attempt is made to answer this question: why can the governance model based on centralized federalism be a desirable political solution to end the long-term power conflict in Afghanistan? According to the research hypothesis, due to the mosaic fabric of society in Afghanistan and the preference of ethnic tendencies over national tendencies and interests, the model of federalism and at the same time the existence of a powerful central federal government can be presented as a desirable political solution. The research results that the factors of the fall and collapse of the Afghan government were the high level of government concentration, the lack of attention to the participation of political groups and ethnic groups in power, and the lack of use of the capacities of local governments.

Jihadi management in itself has been at the heart of the Islamic Revolution. The development of the country was also important to them. On the other hand, all the managers and those involved in the nascent Islamic system had a high motivation to serve the country and the people due to the type of revolution. Jihadi management could help them because of its characteristics. On the other hand, historical studies show that elites are influential and have a special place in the social, political, economic and cultural developments and development of human society by adopting Jihadi management. The present study is a descriptive-analytical method as well as a comparative model with maximum use of capacities and requirements to better understand the effective parameters in the subject and objectives of research and with the aim of explaining and influencing the role of elites in the origin of Jihadi management for development. It was done in the first decade after the Islamic Revolution. Findings show that political elites have had a positive impact on the growth and development of Iran in the first decade of the Islamic Revolution and is one of the main motivations in the Islamic society of Iran to achieve their ideals.