mohammadreza moonesi

 One of the most common types of leukemia is acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Intrinsic and extrinsic factors may lead to AML. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is a mitogenic intermediate from the liver that regulates growth and proliferation in response to GH. In this study, we examined the expression of IGF family genes in bone marrow of AML patients (M3 and Non-M3) and compared them with normal samples.

Forty bone marrow samples from recently diagnosed AML patients along with 15 samples from subjects without hematological malignancies were collected. For molecular tests, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed. Finally, IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP3, IGF1R, and IGF2R gene expression were examined by Real-Time PCR.

IGF1, IGF1R, and IGFBP3 gene expression were significantly increased in patients with AML. In contrast, IGF2 and IGF2R genes did not show significant expression changes between the two groups.

The expression in this gene family soared in AML patients' bone marrow, compared to normal subjects. This can be caused by malignant cells in the bone marrow. These malignant cells express proteins that increase the number of malignant cells. Moreover, they can be considered as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets with further research.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer globally and is the fifth highest contributor to cancer-related deaths in men. The purpose of this research is to investigate the potential involvement of the SLC45A3, CHRNA2, and PCAT14 genes in urine samples taken from men with prostate cancer following a digital rectal examination, compared to those with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

In this case-control study, 25 post-DRE urine samples of patients with prostate cancer and 25 post-DRE urine samples of patients with BPH were collected. RNA was extracted from the samples, and cDNA synthesis was performed. Real-Time PCR was used to quantitatively analyze the relative expression levels of SLC45A3, CHRNA2, PCAT14, and GAPDH. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 24 and GraphPad Prism 8.4.3 software.

The findings demonstrated that, in comparison to the BPH group, the expression of SLC45A3 and PCAT14 was significantly higher in PCa. Furthermore, the expression of CHRNA2 was not statistically significant (P-value<0.11). Further analyses showed that SLC45A3 (P-value<0.05) and PCAT14 (P-value<0.05) expression levels were associated with total PSA values and Gleason score of pathological study of biopsies.

In future with further studies, SLC45A3 and PCAT14 genes may be used as diagnostic molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer along with PSA and other screening tests.