فهرست مطالب mohammadreza taheri

The present research was conducted with the aim of designing and developing Job Fatigue Scale for Elementary school Teachers in 2024 employing both qualitative-quantitative data. In the qualitative phase, official documents and opinions from experts in this field were used to obtain the basic structure of the tool, and in the quantitative section, the basic structure of the tool was given to samples of three target communities in three stages to check the validity and reliability of the tool. The findings of the qualitative section showed 51 effective components in reducing job fatigue, based on which the initial pool was prepared with 81 items. The Holsti's coefficient of reliability was 0.864 and the results of the content validity investigation led to the removal of 29 items. Therefore, a 52-item questionnaire was formed based on the qualitative and quantitative data. Consequently, using factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient led to the removal of 7 items from the final form. Finally the structure of 45 items with 4 educational-psychological, psychological, behavioral-organizational and managerial-organizational factors was confirmed. Among the 4 factors affecting job fatigue, the educational-psychological factor took the first rank and then the psychological, behavioral-organizational and management-organizational factors took the second to fourth ranks respectively. In general, considering the validity and reliability of the developed model, it can be used to evaluate the level of job fatigue of primary school teachers.

Communitarianism and its serious critique of liberal discourse is one of the most important issues in contemporary political philosophy. The book "An Introduction to the Debate of Liberals and Communitarians in Contemporary Political Philosophy" is responsible for analyzing this important issue. One of the strengths of the present book is to address an almost novel subject in the field of political philosophy that has been less studied independently, especially in Persian sources. The authors' emphasis on Paul Ricoeur's method as "text-based hermeneutics" gives them a considerable opportunity to examine and read the works of political thought. However, there are some objections to the book. First, the writers have not paid attention to the results of this conflict and the effects or, in other words, the changes that have resulted from the conflict in contemporary political philosophy. Second, the authors did not pay attention to the influence of Wittgenstein II's views on the content of the political philosophy of communitarianism. The authors also attribute a leadership role to McIntyre, but little attention has been paid to Sandel's very important position. Also, considering that the axis of the dispute was justice, it was appropriate that the axes explained in the book in this regard be finally referred to the issue of justice.

Hospital Safety and Health Management System (HSH‑MS) and Hospital Safety Climate (HSC) are the significant elements to develop safe work practices. The current study aimed to examine the dimensions of HSH‑MS and HSC and the association with the prevalence of Needlestick and Sharp Injury (NSI) and NSI recidivism.

A cross‑sectional study was conducted among 1070 nurses in Iranian hospitals (89% response rate).

More than 54% (n </em>= 579) had sustained at least 1 NSI in the previous year. The NSI recidivism rate was 8.6% and recidivists were more likely to be younger, female, married, with higher Body Mass Index (BMI), and on night shift. Two aspects of HSH‑MS including management leadership and employee participation were associated with the incidence of NSIs Odds Ratio (OR): 1.91 and 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.69–1.21; OR: 1.29 and 95% CI: 0.92–1.82) and NSI recidivism rate (OR: 1.98 and 95% CI: 0.55–1.74; OR: 1.12 and 95% CI: 0.83–1.49). Furthermore, three dimensions of HSC comprising management support (OR: 1.02 and 95% CI: 0.93–1.11 for NSIs; OR: 1.21 and 95% CI: 0.77–1.22 for NSI recidivism), absence of job hindrances (OR: 1.06 and 95% CI: 0.98–1.16 for NSIs; OR: 1.11 and 95% CI: 0.96–1.30 for NSI recidivism) and cleanliness/orderliness (OR: 1.07 and 95% CI: 0.98–1.08 for NSIs; OR: 0.84 and 95% CI: 0.87–0.97 for NSI recidivism) were correlated with reduced NSIs risk.

This study suggests that HSH‑MSs and employees’ safety climate are significant factors, which are correlated with not only the prevalence of recurrent NSIs but also the single NSI in hospitals.

Platelet transfusion is one of the main treatments for thrombocytopenia to reduce severity and frequency of bleeding. Inadequate increase in platelets following platelet transfusion is known as platelet refractoriness. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence, as well as predictive factors, of platelet refractoriness.

In a cross sectional study, 73 patients suffering from severe thrombocytopenia due to leukemia or aplastic anemia, hospitalized at the hematology-oncology ward of two main referral hospitals in Mashhad, were evaluated. Platelet transfusion was done in patients with platelets count less than 10,000 per microliter or less than 20,000 per microliter and fever more than 38° C. Platelet count was measured before and 60 minutes after platelet transfusion, and after calculating body surface area (m2), corrected count increment (CCI) was calculated. If CCI is more than 10,000 per microliter, no platelet refractoriness was considered.

55 patients (75.3%) had platelet refractoriness. Higher platelet refractoriness was seen in the group that received more platelet units and patients who received apheresis units had less refractoriness.

Platelet transfusion should be done only if necessary and transfusion of apheresis units must be considered in patients who need regular platelet transfusion.

The basic concept of a personal brand is based on strategy promotion, and promotion of development concepts towards the advancement of people to strengthen the competence of people to enter the market. The current research has investigated the influence of the strategic role of individual competencies on the strengthening of the personal brand about the part of employment quality.

The research method in the present research, since research aims to determine the empirical relationships in the field of relationships between the factors influencing the development of the personal brand and the competencies related to the creation and development of a personal brand, in terms of the purpose applied, and in terms of the way of collecting descriptive information, it is correlational. The statistical population includes post-graduate university graduates. The random sample size was 356 people using Cochran's formula and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The face validity was confirmed based on the opinion of professors and experts, and the overall reliability was in the acceptable range. Through Cronbach's alpha test, the total reliability of the questions was 876. / is 0. Statistical analysis, normality test with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test method, confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis and fitting of the research model were done with the help of SPSS software and Smart pls software.

Examining the data obtained from standard coefficients, t-statistics, as well as the graph of standard coefficients and significance of the personal brand model showed that all dimensions of the specialized component have a direct and significant effect on the unique brand model at a confidence level of 99%.

The results of the research have shown that the main hypotheses are accepted and the components of individual competence based on the components of employment quality have a significant positive effect on the components of personal brand.

The aim of this study was to compare the academic performance of general doctoral students in dentistry before and during the corona pandemic in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Today, students' academic performance is considered as an important indicator for evaluating the higher education system. The academic performance of students is always considered one of the most important ways to evaluate the performance of professors, and for students, the grades and GPA of the academic semester represent their academic abilities to enter higher education levels. Therefore, academic performance has always been important for teachers, students, parents and educational researchers, and for this reason, many educational researchers and specialists have focused their research on identifying the effective factors related to academic progress.

In terms of its purpose, this research was one of the applied researches, and in terms of the method of controlling the variables, it was also an experimental research that was conducted in a post-event (causal comparative) manner. The statistical population was 250 people of all dental students in Medical Sciences Faculty of Ahvaz Jundishapur of University of Medical Sciences, and 151 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling according to the table of Georgesi and Morgan. In addition to the previous coordination, the researcher referred to the education department of Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, and evaluated the scores of the mentioned courses before, during and after the corona virus. The method of collecting information was field and library. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used in this research, whereas in the descriptive part, indicators related to mean and standard deviation were used; while in the inferential part, independent and dependent t-tests were used to test the hypotheses. In addition, SPSS version 23 software was used for data analysis in this research, and a significance level of 0.05 was considered. During the registration and recording of students' grades, in order to respect the rights of students and comply with ethical considerations, students' names were coded and the code was used to identify the sample.

Demographic characteristics of the present research sample in terms of gender were associated with the frequency of 0.56 woman and 0.44 man, also the age frequency of the research sample was 21 to 23 years with a frequency of 0.63, 24 to 27 years, 0.12 and 27 years and above. In this part, the hypotheses of the research are examined that for this purpose, the dependent t statistical test (to measure and compare the scores before and during the Corona) and the independent t-test have been used. The results showed that the corona pandemic in obtaining the score of the oral and maxillofacial pathology course (1); the mean score during the Corona was equal to 15.98, and the mean score before corona was equal to 12.41, the anatomy of the practical tooth was equal to the mean score during corona equal to 0.00. 17, and the average pre-corona scores equal to 12.14, while internal diseases (2); the mean intra-coronary scores equal to 16.48, and the mean pre-coronary scores equal to 12.54, the pharmacology mean the mean intra-corona scores equal to 17.00, and the mean scores Pre-corona 12.30, and oral and maxillofacial surgery (1); the mean score during corona equal to 16.95, and the mean pre-coronary score equal to 12.62. General Ph.D. students in dentistry at Ahwaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences has it.

According to the first hypothesis of the research, the findings demonstrated the effect of the Corona pandemic on the oral and maxillofacial pathology course scores (1); in the second hypothesis, the findings showed the effect of the Corona pandemic on the achievement of the practical dental anatomy course score; obtained by  according to the fourth hypothesis,   the effect of the Corona pandemic on the grades of the pharmacology course;  and regarding to the fifth hypothesis, the effect of the corona pandemic on the grades It shows the grade of oral and maxillofacial surgery course (1)was revealed. Hence, it was recommended that practical laboratory classes and education in the field of medical internship students and other fields should be planned and implemented in a combined form with face-to-face priority, provided that vaccination was completed and in compliance with health protocols. It was also recommended that in hospital centers and colleges, all the trainings that were held in the form of morning report, journal club, case-report and scientific meetings, according to the facilities of educational groups and hospitals, in compliance with health protocols, in the form of combined programs with attendance priority should be implemented.

The aims’ study is to present a model of personal branding based on individual competencies and the employment. In this qualitative research, the grounded theory approach has been adopted for data collection. The aim is to develop a model; this study is categorized as exploratory and fundamental research. The study population consisted of experts and university professors in the Business Management, the Organizational Behavior Management, Human Resources, and Entrepreneurship departments, who know the concept of personal branding and extensively explored its various dimensions. A personal brand helps individuals emerge from obscurity and manifest by their abilities. Personal branding allows people to establish their position as a professional in their field of work and build a reputation for themselves. To develop a personal brand, it is essential to acquire and reinforce individual competencies. Researchers divide competence into two general categories: technical and behavioral. Technical competencies or technical knowledge is associated with the execution of a task, whereas behavioral competencies are concerned with how it is conducted, which embraces knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Research shows that if an individual possesses the knowledge and skills in a particular field, but their behavior and performance do not reflect that distinction and merit, they cannot be called competent in that field.Previous research has primarily explored specific elements and variables of personal branding, and the role of individual competence and employment factors has largely been disregarded. Informed by the importance of personal branding research on the employment and the role of individual competencies in personal branding, this study investigates how a personal branding model could be developed within the framework of individual competencies by considering employment factors. In fact, this model aims to fill a gap in the personal branding processes by accounting for the role of employment the variables of individual competencies in developing and shaping this type of branding.Case study: The development of individual competencies presents an effective strategy to reduce the unemployment rate. Hence, the main subject raised in this study is to develop a personal branding model based on individual competencies and employment.Theoretical Framework: To build a personal brand, it is essential to acquire and improve individual competencies. Researchers split competence into two categories: technical and behavioral. Technical competencies or technical knowledge related to the execution of a task, and behavioral competencies are concerned with how the work is performed, which includes knowledge, skills, and attitudes. According to studies, if one possesses the necessary knowledge and skills in a particular field, but his behavior and performance fails to reflect that distinction and merits, he/she cannot be called competent in that field. In addition, competence is inherently associated with value creation and innovation. Even with a command of knowledge and skills and a well-adjusted attitude, entrapment in the stagnation of everyday life would suppress one’s competence, which has a direct impact on employment.

Based on its purpose and nature, this is qualitative research. It is also exploratory in its attempt to present a model. Drawing on the grounded theory approach, this paper investigates a population of university professors, managers and consultants. Sampling conducted using the purposive sampling method. To do so, the snowball sampling technique adopted at this stage of the study. Data collected through interviews. All steps grounded theory did by using MAXQDA software also utilized for data analysis. Data encryption carried out using the following three steps: open coding, axial coding and selective coding.

The current study undertaken to present a personal branding model based on individual competencies and the employment within the framework of qualitative research. To extract dimensions and indicators and to formulate the model, the grounded theory approach used in three coding steps. The personal branding model based on individual competencies for someone’s employment developed after 20 interviews in three coding steps (open, axial, selective) using the grounded theory approach. The proposed model consists of three main components (personal branding, individual competencies, and employment). The paradigm model of this research inspired from Corbin and Strauss’s paradigm model. Despite these factors and conditions, the evaluation model and the process of developing a personal branding model designed based on individual competencies of someone’s for employment. Explaining factors linked to this subject was also one of the primary concerns of this research.The adoption of the grounded theory approach to extract indicators of the above variables is another innovation of this research. Accordingly, some of the main findings of the research, which considered as its contribution to the body of knowledge in this field, are:Presenting a local model of personal branding based on individual competencies and employment of someone, the gap of which strongly felt in the literature.Identifying the indicators and dimensions associated with personal branding, derived from the grounded theory approachProviding a new path and model for personal brand development

According to this study, individual competencies are linked to dimensions of personality traits and adaptability; employment is associated with the dimensions of job specifications, family, society, reward and income, and personal branding is related to the dimensions of cultural characteristics, lifestyle and skills. Hence, by focusing on developing individual competencies and employment, people can promote their personal brand in an attempt to foster their credibility in the working community, to build reputation, and to establish their social status and prestige.

In today's world economy, companies must focus all their activities and capabilities on customer satisfaction because customers are the only source of return on investment. Besides, customer satisfaction in supplying and distributing short-lived commodities especially food, due to their special and perishable properties, has doubled the importance of the issue. When a vehicle carries the demand of a number of customers in one shipment, due to the long travel time and the frequent opening of the refrigerator door, the quality of the remaining products in the vehicle decreases and, as a result, the satisfaction of customers reduces. The main purpose of this article is to maximize customer satisfaction in the food supply chain network. The study integrates the decisions of the different parts of a food supply chain under uncertainty. The first part includes food suppliers. Because the studied supply chain is multi-commodity, one supplier is not able to supply all the food. Therefore, it can supply part of the customer needs according to its conditions and expertise. The second part includes the heterogeneous transport fleet, which serves as a VRP problem. Thus, a vehicle can receive food from a supplier and deliver it to customers located in different geographical locations. In addition, the preparation time of vehicles is also considered as a constraint. The transport fleet consists of several refrigerated vehicles with different carrying capacities and speeds. Since one vehicle is not able to carry all the orders, each product, according to the required temperature and storage conditions, must be transported by vehicles specific to that product. Also, due to weather and traffic conditions, the vehicle travel time is not definite. So, in this study, the uncertainty of vehicle travel time (triangular fuzzy) is taken into account too. The third part of this supply chain includes end users, whose geographical location and the amount of demand of each is definite and specific. There is a time window like (x,y) for each user. If the orders are delivered to the customer before time x, it will cause earliness. If it is delivered after time y, it will cause tardiness. The objectives of this study are minimizing the sum of tardiness and earliness of deliveries to customers and maximizing the quality of products delivered to them. A mathematical model of the problem is presented, and the augmented ε constraint method is used to solve the model. It has been shown that the exact solution method cannot solve large-scale problems within a reasonable time. Therefore, meta-heuristic algorithms should be used. This research has presented the MOTTH meta-heuristic algorithm, which is a new development of the genetic algorithm and is inspired by the long-standing human desire to travel throughout history. In this algorithm, the best solutions of the current generation replace the worst solutions of R generations, and, thus, the algorithm’s premature convergence is prevented and more solutions are searched in the solution area. As the mathematical model was solved through the augmented ε constraint method, the relationship between the two objective functions was explained. It was also shown that an increase in the quality of the products delivered to customers leads to a rise in the sum of the tardiness and earliness of deliveries to customers. Therefore, considering the importance of each of the objective functions, every company should establish a balance between the two objective functions.For validation, the results of the NSGA-II and MOTTH algorithms were compared with those of the exact solution of the augmented  constraint method. The results of the algorithms were also compared. It was shown that the MOTTH meta-heuristic algorithm performs better. For the mathematical modeling of this research and for solving the model, the resources available in the literature and the GAMS and MATLAB software programs were used respectively. According to the results of this study, a practical suggestion for frozen food supply chain managers is to use the MOTTH algorithm. This algorithm offers better solutions than the NSGA-II algorithm, the sum of tardiness and earliness of deliveries to customers is less, and the quality of the products delivered to customers remains higher. Moreover, the use of frozen food trucks partitioned with separate doors and equipped with cooling systems is another practical suggestion of this research; if the door of a partition is opened and the products are emptied, the other products in the other partitions will not receive a heat shock and their quality does not decline.

The book "Philosophy of Social Sciences" by Michael Root mainly supports a perfectionist approach to the social sciences. In the sense that he believes that social scientists should try to present a conception of the good that is common among research actors. Feminist approaches to the social sciences are examples of this approach. The book also explains the doctrine of neutrality in various areas of social research, which Root believes is the result of the dominance of a liberal approach, and is then rejected. Emphasis on perfectionism in social research and attention to various areas of social sciences is one of the highlights of the book. Failure to provide an explanation of the meaning of the philosophy of social sciences, disregard for developments in contemporary liberalism, in particular, the development of a perfectionist approach to the theory of liberalism and the emphasis on the appropriateness of the idea of neutrality for the state are among the main shortcomings of the book. The existence of a state with valuable moral neutrality challenges the results of perfectionist social research. The issue of objectivity and relativity also needed to be considered, especially for a book that defends the perfectionist approach to the social sciences.

The design of hospital premises and green spaces play a very important role in patients satisfaction and recovery process. The aim of this study was to obtain criteria for designing therapist landscape in the country's hospitals using descriptive-analytical method. The case was selected as the subspecialty hospital of Tehran Children's Medical Center. After recognizing the current condition of the grounds and its green space, the necessary information was prepared from the patients and staff of the medical wards with a questionnaire and interview. Data were analyzed by qualitative and graphical analysis. The results showed that the general popularity of therapeutic landscape design is high. Moreover, regarding the Children's Medical Center, the majority of the respondents were dissatisfied with the current situation of the grounds and considered the expansion of green space very useful. They also believed that the proper design of hospital grounds and the creation of a healing garden or a therapeutic landscape could stimulate the five senses and have beneficial effects on promoting health, recovery, and facilitating the treatment of patients' mental and physical problems. In the end, solutions for creating and developing green space with the criteria of the therapist's perspective and landscaping were presented to the Pediatric Medical Center.

The present study was conducted to describe morphology and study the phylogeny of Dendrodoris fumata (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1830) from the Persian Gulf (Bostaneh), in 2019. DNA extraction was done using salt-out method, and the polymerase chain reactions promoted using the universal primers HCO2198 and LCO1490. A segment of the mitochondrial gene was selected as molecular marker, and the corresponding sequences were recovered from GenBank and were included in the analyses. The phylogenetic results and the K2P distances revealed that specimens of the Persian Gulf are closer to those of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Oman, but distant from the specimen of Australia. Based on the phylogenetic trees, D. fumata is a sister species to D. rubra. Moreover, the data showed that D. nigra, the other species that have been previously recorded from the Persian Gulf, stays quite distant from D. fumata.

Short life cycle products, especially food products, require a certain type of supply chain management due to their particular specifications such as perishability. On the other hand, the food distribution also requires special considerations and imparts more complexity compared with the distribution of other goods because in food distribution the quality of the food delivered to the customer should be considered as well as transportation costs. Therefore, in this paper, a new mathematical model is developed for integrating decisions regarding food supply and distribution under conditions of uncertainty (vehicles’ travel time) with aims to minimize purchase and transportation costs and maximize customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction relies upon the quality of the food delivered to the customers. The multi-objective model proposed in this paper is NP-hard. Hence, a developed version of NSGA-II called Multi-Objective Time Travel to History (MOTTH) algorithm, inspired from the idea of traveling through history, is proposed to solve the problem. In order to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm, the results of MOTTH algorithm are compared with the results obtained from an exact augmented epsilon-constraint method. Furthermore, a comparison is provided between the NSGA-II and MOTTH algorithms, the results of which indicate the superiority of the MOTTH metaheuristic algorithm.

According to the latest estimate published by the World Health Organization in 2017, there are 219 million malaria cases and 435,000 deaths. With the emergence of drug-resistant strains in malaria, there is a need for new drug targets every time. In this study, the design and docking study of the pyrimidine derivatives for inhibiting Methionine aminopeptidase1B enzyme (Metap1b) has been considered as antimalarial agents as a new drug and against drug resistance.

Docking studies were done with the AutoDock program. The structure of the molecules was drawn with the Hyperchem program and optimized by semi-empirical method.

Docking studies have shown that the most important links involved in drug binding are peptide receptor, π-cation and hydrogen bonding. Increasing the π-π and π-cation bonds in enhancing the strength of this group of compounds is effective. It was also found that Combination No. 7 was the most effective compound in binding to the active site of the enzyme.

Based on the results of docking studies, all designed compounds exhibit significant inhibitory effects on the active site of the enzyme, but the compound 7 showed the best inhibitory effect. According to the results of cheminformatics, compound 7 can be a candidate for a new anti-malarial drug.

Cannabis sativa L. is an important plant with various uses in pharmaceutical and paper production industries. Due to the higher priority of female and male Cannabis plants for pharmaceutical uses and fibre industry, respectively, reduction of the quality of products after pollination, and also for detection of better genotypes before pollination for breeding purposes, early determination of sex in Cannabis is one of the major concerns of researchers and farmers. Seeds of 26 accessions from different regions of Iran along with one accession from Afghanistan were planted in the field based on randomized complete block design with 10 replications. Five female and five male plants were sampled from each accession for molecular and morphological analyses. Thirteen ISSR primers and two SCAR markers were used. Also, morphological differences, which possibly related to sex were measured in the Cannabis populations under study. The results showed significant differences among the accessions within female and male plants for plant height, number of days to flowering, days after full bloom and height of the first flowering node. Male plants were generally, but not always, taller than female plants and had a shorter life cycle. The highest expected heterozygosity was found in the ISSR3 primer and the lowest in the UBC825 primer. In total, 143 polymorphic bands and one polymorphic band were amplified using ISSR and SCAR primers, respectively. Out of 143 polymorphic ISSR bands, only 10 markers had significant relations with the gender of this plant. MADC6 SCAR marker was monomorph across the accessions. On the other hand, MADC5 was a polymorphic marker and showed a significant relation with gender. These markers, especially MADC5, have the potential to be used in sex determination of C. sativa.

The use of economics in planning for the cost of health services is a part of the health system policies. Service providers and recipients should have sufficient information about the economic components in order to have an integral economic program. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pediatric residents knowledge about the economic components for patient treatment.

This cross-sectional study was conducted for the pediatric residents of Mashhad university of medical sciences in the spring of 2014 with a questionnaire containing 19 questions. The validity of questionnaire was measured by Cranach's alpha and the reliability by pediatrics professors.

Overall 10% of the residents had correct knowledge about the percentage of insurance payment. About the cost of one night stay in the general wards, 24% and for ICU, 2% had the right information. None of them was familiar with the price of 10 grams of intravenous immunoglobulin, 5% of them had the right idea about the cost of a common prescription. Scores of residents were calculated and classified from weak to excellent.

This study showed that the residents information was insufficient about health care costs and it had no relation with the academic years.

Increasing the population of older people according of increasing hope of life in one hand and population control policies in another hand, became one of the most important social issues in Iran that challenge urban planners and designers. One of the important issues in landscape designing, is respect for its attention. The elderly are social groups who, with their special conditions and retirement, have plenty of leisure time and optionally use more open spaces and parks. Accordingly, the present study aims to identify the needs of the elderly for designing an elderly friendly park, and examining the existence and lack of fitness for the physical and mental characteristics of the elderly in the parks. n this research, using library resources and previous researches, we first studied the factors affecting the quality of the elderly parks, and then by 299 questionnaires from all elderly people aged 50 and older and those who lived with them along with the elderly and had a relative understanding from their condition, we measured the quality of those factors using the Likert spectrum at five levels. Then, using SPSS software, the mean and standard deviation were determined for each item and the cv coefficient was computed and arranged low to high. Since cv indicates a consensus among most sample individuals, the priority of each item was extracted. 36 of the facilities and services were provided to the respondents and based on the diversity and beauty of the green space in the park, the suitability of the number and location of the couches, the suitability of the pedestrian slope, the appropriate width of the trails, respectively, as priorities in the parks for The elderly have been from the elderly perspective, and There are fences in the stairs and steep surfaces for easy access, there are some memorable elements in the park, a hall and building with a heating system to use the park in the cold seasons, the availability of medical facilities and disposal in the park, the presence of wheelchairs in the park Except for the last priorities in the study, there is a lack of any of the above. Therefore, observance of safety issues in sanitary and sanitary facilities and the construction of buildings with a heating and cooling system in parks and security measures in the use of elements and legibility of warning panels and guidance, it is recommended to reinforce cases of people's dissatisfaction.

This paper aims to examine the scheduling of vehicles in a multi-product supply chain regarding to the mutual relationship between the transportation and the manufacturing units. The integration level in the supply chain consists of a manufacturer and its first tier suppliers, which are linked by a transportation fleet. The problem is determining orders allocation to the suppliers, orders production sequence at the suppliers, orders allocation to the vehicles, and orders transportation priority, in order to minimize the sum of orders delivery time. This issue has not been discussed in the literature, so far. At first, the mathematical model of the problem is presented, then the NP-Hardness of the problem is demonstrated. For solving the problem, a new combination of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing algorithm, named as Populated Simulated Annealing algorithm (PSA) is proposed. For verifying the PSA, its results are compared to results of simulated annealing algorithm (SA) and developed version of DGA algorithm, proposed for the nearest problem in the literature to our problem. Furthermore, relaxing some hypothesis, the results of PSA are compared to DGA results. All of the comparisons show that PSA is more efficient than the other algorithms. Finally, comparison of PSA with exact solution for small size problems demonstrates its proper efficiency.

Each theory of justice is based on assumptions about human nature. To advance an Islamic theory of justice, then, needs to define human propensities, rights and capacities. This research considers and compares  Ayatollah Javavdi Amoli and John Rawlschr('39')s viewpoints on human nature, and its relation with justice. Javavdi Amoli believes that human being has two dimensions –Fitrah and (material)nature- and the Fitrah should dominate the (material) nature of man. This belief has significant implications (e.g. the right of guidance) for theorizing about justice. Rawls, on the other hand, concentrates on human characteristics such as liberty, equality, rationality and reasonability, with the centrality of the liberty. He finally articulates his theory of justice in two principles, which the first and dominant one is the right of liberty.

Dimensional stability of alginate impression materials is affected by several factors such as storage time, storage conditions and type of the impression material. This study was conducted to assess the effect of storage time on dimensional stability of two different alginates: Tropicalgin and Chromogel.
In this experimental study, impressions were made of a master model with four metal cones on the occlusal surfaces of lower first premolars and third molars on both sides (teeth #1, #5, #12 and #16). The Impressions were divided into five groups in terms of the storage time in wet paper towels within a closed plastic bag before pouring the casts (15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min and 24 h). For each group, 20 impressions and a total of 100 impressions were made. The impressions were poured with type III stone (Parsdental, Iran). Six dimensions (D1 to D6) between 4 cones were considered as the gold standard in order to compare with the same dimensions on the stone casts. Distances were measured by a digital caliper and data were statistically analyzed by MANOVA and one-sample t-test.
Dimensional changes increased over time for both alginates except for one sample (Tropicalgin at 30-min interval for D1, p value = 0.4). There were significant differences between the two materials at all the time intervals except for the first fifteen minutes. Dimensional changes were within the clinically acceptable limits (a change of 1.5% relative to the master model) up to 120 min for both alginates.
The dimensional stability of Tropicalgin and Chromogel alginate impression materials was affected by storage time before pouring in stone and the material type.

Because of the extensive green roof and the special conditions of an environment that is created for plants, the selecting suitable plant species to provide the necessary accuracy. In order to introduction of suitable plant species and investigation of effect of the irrigation treatments and the suitable depth and type of medium, the plants were culture in boxes for five months (July - November) and they were placed on the roof of a building. Selected plants including Ophiopogon (Ophiopogon jaburan), Frankenia (Frankenia thymifolia), Carpobrotus (Carpobrotus edulis) were from three different families. They were placed in boxes with 10 and 20 cm deep including the culture medium with and without peat in wet and dry irrigation conditions. The characteristic of plant morphology were appearance, length and surface area, root and shoot fresh and dry weight. Results showed that the highest quality, coverage and length during the three treatment plants beyond to depth of 20 cm, wet medium irrigation and peat medium. It should be noted that the treatment plants with water depth of 10 cm and medium-dry without peat, in the longer time their quality, coverage and length were acceptable.  Since of the extensive green roof system requires minimal maintenance and less deep, this situation can be considered appropriate. In comparing the three plants, Carpobrotus and Frankenia had better performance than the Ophiopogon. The topic of green roofs in Iran is very new so the importance and necessity of this research is quite clear. This research for the first time did pay attention to the green roof and suitable selected plant species for this system in Iran.

In this study effect of Ace rootstock and different levels of nitrogen (60, 120, 180 Kg/h) on vegetative growth, yield, quality characteristics of fruit, leaf and fruit nitrogen concentration of Cucumis melo cv. Samsoori as a factorial experiment in Completely Randomized block Design evaluated in field condition in 2013. Increasing nitrogen levels from 60 to 120 kg.ha–1 increased marketable yield by 23.4%, whereas increasing nitrogen rate from 120 to 180 kg.ha–1 decreased muskmelon yield by 19.7%. Marketable yield was higher (18.85%) in grafted in relation to non-grafted plants. Yield per plant, marketable fruit number and total yield per plant was higher in grafted plants. Fruit flesh firmness decreased in response to an increase in nitrogen fertilization and the highest values recorded on plants receiving 60 kg nitrogen per hectare. Fruit dry matter percent in fruits harvested from grafted plants were significantly higher than non-grafted plants. Total soluble solid and pH not affected by grafting and nitrogen amount. Stem length was also affected by grafting and highest stem length (212/17 cm) obtained in grafted plants, whereas lowest stem length (173/56 cm) were recorded in the non-grafted plants. Nitrogen concentration in leaf and fruits of grafted plants was higher than non-grafted. According to results, use of grafting and appropriate rate of nitrogen (120 kg) can improve growth and yield of muskmelon plants.

Skepticism and fear caused serious flaws in liberalism. Skepticism made liberalism resort to reason as an Archimedean point for resolving disagreements. But reason like opinions and affections is subject to social contingencies. Liberal fear of human nature has led it to a negative notion of rights that is harmful to social solidarity. Islam can help liberalism resolve these problems.

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus mossea CA) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) of Bacillus pantea and Psedomonas putida were evaluated on growth parameters of Osteospermum (Osteospermum hybrida ‘Passion Mix’) under different watering conditions (field capacity, two and one third of field capacity). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and PGPR were applied as single or mixed. A factorial trial based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications per treatment and 4 replicates was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Root colonization, growth parameters and P concentration in plant was measured. Results showed that PGPR and mycorrhizal inoculated plants had better nutritional conditions than that of non-inoculated plants. Moreover, there was a synergetic effect between AMF and PGPR in this study. PGPR were as much effective as AMF on alleviating the negative impacts of drought stress. According to the results, applied microorganisms were more effective on improving the growth parameters at 70% of field capacity, while at 40% of field capacity; their effective role was reduced, although the plants were persistent, yet. Results revealed exploitation of AMF and PGPR and administering an optimized irrigation regime can be effective on improving yield of this plant.

Accidental needle stick injuries (NSIs) are the greatest hazard that threatens health care workers (HCW). The prevalence of these injuries due to exposure to physical demands and mental stress has increased in the work place. This study aimed to assess the relationship of mental workload with needle stick injuries among nursing staff.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 175 randomly selected nurses who worked in the Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran in the winter of 2015. For collecting data, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), measuring mental load specialized questionnaire and Accidental needle stick injuries questionnaire was used. Data were collected and analyzed by independent t-test, chi-square and Mann- Whitney using SPSS 20..
Independent t-test showed that the mean in the dimensions of mental and temporal demand of work had a significant difference between those nurses who had needle stick and those who had not needle stick injuries (P Health care workers, especially Hospital staff nurses in addition to the physical needs, are often exposed to other related factors including psychological needs, official disputes, pressure of time, lack of social support, conflicting needs, loss of work speed control, etc. which play a decisive role in the prevalence of needle stick accidents in between them. Therefore ,hospital managers must identify the causes of these demands is important step in the control of the accidents .