فهرست مطالب mohammadsaber baghkhanipour

Stray animals such as cats and dogs, mainly have an independent life, are homeless, have uncontrollable reproduction, and have a large population in the environment and the city. These animals have become a concern for public health in cities and the environment. With the spread of deadly diseases such as rabies, they are considered a threat to human life and health, and their number is increasing day by day in Tehran City. Therefore, it is necessary to provide basic solutions to control and reduce the population of stray animals in Tehran City. Based on reviewing the laws of successful developed and developing countries and expert interviews with 40 people in different fields, suitable solutions for the basic collection, control, and management of stray animals in Tehran City were obtained according to the existing conditions. The results showed that the best solutions include neutering (19%), education and awareness in society (16%), collecting and transfer to shelters (15%), fines for people who violate the rules and prohibition of food to stray animals (13%), euthanasia (10%), using efficient experts and waste management (9%), registration in the system, birth certification, and microchipping of the animal (8%), amending existing laws (6%), and amending municipal contracts (4%). Therefore, it is necessary to control the population of stray animals in Tehran City with solutions such as neutering, educating informing people, and collecting stray animals to be transferred to the shelter.

Ferrosilicon was used as a modifier in steel and cast-iron production. The most critical pollutants in the ferrosilicon industry are particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and dust, CO, CO2, NOx, and Sox. This study aimed to investigate the environmental status of air pollution in Iran's ferroalloy industry by examining air pollutant control equipment. Iran’s ferroalloys industries (IFI), with a production capacity of 60 thousand tons of ferrosilicon, is located in Lorestan province. Air pollutants were measured in the years 2020 and 2021. The exhaust gases and dust were measured by the XL350 and Westech portable particulate detectors, and ambient particulate matter was measured by the Dust Trak 8520. The data analysis was done using SPSS and Excel software. So that the normality of the data was reviewed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the average of the data was compared with the pollution standards using the one-sample t-test. The results showed that all measured parameters of gases, dust, and ambient particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) during the studied years of 2020 and 2021 were in accordance with the pollution standard. Having suitable environmental equipment including U-shaped pipes to cool the flue gases from the furnace area to the bag house, a cyclone separator for dust removal, the collection of particulate matter (PM), and bag filters in the baghouse have been used for collecting particulate matter (PM) and filtering dust. Also, green space, with more than 60% of the industry space, has played a very effective role in reducing industrial air pollution

The presence of heavy metal ions in polluted wastewater represents a serious threat to human health, making proper disposal extremely important. The utilization of nanofiltration (NF) membranes has emerged as one of the most effective methods of heavy metal ion removal from wastewater due to their efficient operation, adaptable design, and affordability. NF membranes created from advanced materials are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to depollute wastewater in a variety of circumstances. Tailoring the NF membrane’s properties to efficiently remove heavy metal ions from wastewater, interfacial polymerization, and grafting techniques, along with the addition of nano-fillers, have proven to be the most effective modification methods. This paper presents a review of the modification processes and NF membrane performances for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, as well as the application of these membranes for heavy metal ion wastewater treatment. Very high treatment efficiencies, such as 99.90%, have been achieved using membranes composed of polyvinyl amine (PVAM) and glutaraldehyde (GA) for Cr3+ removal from wastewater. However, nanofiltration membranes have certain drawbacks, such as fouling of the NF However, nanofiltration membranes have certain drawbacks, such as fouling of the NF membrane. Repeated cleaning of the membrane influences its lifetime. membrane. Repeated cleaning of the membrane influences its lifetime.

Ferrosilicon is used in the production of steel and cast iron as a modifier. The most important pollutants in the ferrosilicon industry are particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and dust, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur oxides (SOx). The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental status of air pollution in Iran's ferroalloy industry by examining air pollutant control equipment. Iran's ferroalloy factory with a production capacity of 60 thousand tons of ferrosilicon is located in Lorestan province and air pollutants were measured in the years 2020 and 2021. The exhaust gases and dust were measured with the XL 350 and Westech portable particle detectors and environmental particulate matter with the Dust Trak 8520, respectively. The data analysis was done using SPSS and Excel software. So that the normality of the data was reviewed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the average of the data was compared with the pollution standards using the one-sample t-test. The results showed that all measured parameters of flue gases, dust, and ambient particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10 during the studied years 2020 and 2021 were according to the standard and there was no polluted air in the factory. Having suitable environmental equipment, including U-shaped pipes to cool the transfer smoke-containing gases from the furnace area to the dust collection hall (Baghouse), a cyclone separator for dust removal and the collection of particle matter (PM), and bag filters in the dust collection hall (Baghouse) have been used for collecting particle matter (PM) and filtering dust. Also, the green space, with more than 60% of the factory space, has played a very influential role in reducing the air pollution of the factory.

Over the years, conventional wastewater treatment processes have achieved to some extent in treating effluents for discharge pints. Development in wastewater treatment processes is essential to make treated wastewater reusable for industrial, agricultural, and domestic purposes. Membrane technology has emerged as an ideal technology for treating wastewater from different wastewater streams. Membrane technology is one of the most up‐to‐date advancements discovered to be successful in fundamentally lessening impurities to desired levels. In spite of having certain impediments, membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for biological wastewater treatment provide many advantages over conventional treatment. This review article covers all the aspects of membrane technology that are widely used in wastewater treatment process such as the principle of membrane technology, the classification of membrane technology processes in accordance to pressure, concentration, electrical and thermal‐driven processes, its application in different industries, advantages, disadvantages and the future prospective. Over the years, conventional wastewater treatment processes have achieved to some extent in treating effluents for discharge pints. Development in wastewater treatment processes is essential to make treated wastewater reusable for industrial, agricultural, and domestic purposes. Membrane technology has emerged as an ideal technology for treating wastewater from different wastewater streams. Membrane technology is one of the most up‐to‐date advancements discovered to be successful in fundamentally lessening impurities to desired levels. In spite of having certain impediments, membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for biological wastewater treatment provide many advantages over conventional treatment.

Environmental air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems and the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) has identified it as the fifth most dangerous human and environmental health hazard in the world. So, they are facing the problem of air pollution on a local, regional and global scale. Toxicity associated with air pollutants can cause a variety of health effects on humans such as respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and even death (1,2). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 800,000 people worldwide die prematurely each year from these diseases caused by air pollution (3). Suspended particles (Including PM2.5) are major air pollutants in terms of public health hazards. PM2.5 particulate matter penetrates deeper into the lungs and causing some of the more dangerous health effects compared to PM10 (2). Ahvaz city with an approximate population of more than 1 million people, an area of 220 square kilometers, and the capital of Khuzestan province is one of the cities in the southwest of Iran. In recent years, due to industrialization, the amount of environmental pollution, including air pollution, has been increasing in this metropolis. This study aimed to estimate the health effects of PM2.5 pollutants on years of lost life (YLL) and expected life remaining (ELR) indicators in the air of Ahvaz city from 2008 to 2017 using AirQ+ software.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a statistical population of 10 years for residents of Ahvaz. In this study, the long-term health effects of PM2.5 pollutants on YLL and ELR indicators in the air of Ahvaz city during the period years (2008-2017) were estimated using AirQ+ software. PM2.5 pollutant data were collected from environmental and meteorological organizations in Ahvaz city and the health effects of PM2.5 were estimated. In the next step, this data was processed by Excel software and the data processed by Excel was given to AirQ+ software. Data processing was performed using overlapping Excel sheets in the Excel environment and R and Minitab software. Also, the validation of PM2.5 data for ambient air quality in Ahvaz city was performed based on the methodology of WHO and Aphekom (16,17). PM2.5 averaging data and ELR and YLL data for the entire population in the age range of 0-64 and over 64 years were processed and entered into AirQ+ software. Also, the significant relationship between PM2.5 pollutant concentration and ELR was investigated with the Pearson correlation test at a significance level of 5%.

The average annual variation of PM2.5 concentration was very variable the highest concentration was 70.72 micrograms per cubic meter in 2010 and the lowest was 41.97 micrograms per cubic meter in 2014. In all measurement years, the concentration of PM2.5 was higher than the WHO standard with a range of variations between 4.2 and 7.7 times. The highest number of YLL for ten years in the age group of 0-64 years, was 412.77 years in 2010, and the lowest number of YLL for the age group of 0-64 years, was 135.79 years related to 2014. Also, the maximum and minimum YLL for ten years for the age group over 64 years was 1135.96 years for 2010, and 262.88 years for 2014, respectively. For ELR, the highest value for the total population of Ahvaz city during ten years, at all ages for 2014 was equal to 72.56 years and the lowest in 2010 was equal to 62.17 years.

In all years of measuring PM2.5 (2008-2017), the amount of this pollutant in the air of Ahvaz city has been more than the WHO standard, and its range of changes between 4.2 to 7.7 times more than the standard (10 Micrograms per cubic meter). Therefore, Ahvaz is considered one of the most polluted cities in the world. The polluting factors of this city include the geographical and topographical location, the phenomenon of dust, increased transportation, being close to the Arabian desert and the large deserts of the neighboring countries, and the increase of important production industries such as oil and steel (21,22). The maximum and minimum YLL for all ages in Ahvaz city were 1548.73 years in 2010 and 398.67 years in 2014, respectively, which are linearly related to PM2.5 pollutant concentrations. The highest and lowest PM2.5 concentrations were obtained in 2010 and 2014 in Ahvaz city. From the results of this study, it was estimated that in all the studied years, people over 64 years old had higher of YLL than people aged 0-64 years. The ELR index can be useful in evaluating all the plans made in the field of health and well-being of the population. Prolonged exposure to relatively low concentrations of ambient air pollution results in a significant reduction in the ELR index (30). A comparison of the results with the Iranian standard and EPA showed that in all years the ELR from 2008 to 2017 was lower than the standard. The highest ELR index was 72.56 years (2014) and the lowest was 62.17 years (2010). The values ​​of this index had a significant relationship with the concentration of PM2.5 pollutants. The ELR index decreased and increased with increasing and decreasing the concentration of PM2.5 pollutants, respectively. By examining the significant relationship between PM2.5 pollutant concentration and ELR in Ahvaz city through Pearson's correlation test at a significance level of 5%, the correlation coefficient showed a value of -0.97, indicating a negative correlation between these two parameters.It seems that in the west of the country, the number of days off due to dust has increased significantly in recent years. Therefore, the use of AirQ+ software not only for Ahvaz but also for other cities in the west of the country can be a powerful tool for estimating the lost years of life and reducing life expectancy attributed to PM2.5 pollution. Therefore, estimating the long-term health effects of YLL and ELR exposure to various air pollutants, including PM2.5, can be very useful to evaluate plans for health, population well-being, and the development of general environmental policies.

Sustainable management of land is possible through planning its use within the framework of suitable spatial balance for human activities with environmental capabilities. Therefore, adequate identification and understanding of the balance and imbalances of the spatial structure, and also understanding of the concept of consistency and its required resources, are the basis for optimal planning toward reducing Incompatibilities and spatial conflicts. In the current study, the spatial balance of land uses is measured after evaluating land capability, and three options including balanced development, unbalanced development, and possible development are presented for decision-making. The evaluation of the ecological potential of the land is based on the capability assessment of ecological components, and the present study is focused on this assessment for the development of irrigated farming. Capability assessment is based on 9-factor criteria (slope, height above sea level, average annual temperature, soil suitability class for agriculture, land unit, soil depth, soil fertility, soil drainage, and programmable agricultural water) and 8 constraint criteria (cover type and production Pasture, forest habitat, soil salinity, soil erosion, flooding, culturally sensitive areas, ecologically sensitive areas, and incompatible land use). According to the results obtained, about 32 thousand hectares of the province's area can be developed for irrigated farming, of which 78% is currently allocated to irrigated agriculture and has a balanced development. Results indicate that currently about 6100 hectares of the province lands (1.2% of the province) still have a natural capacity for the development of irrigated farming, but the land use has not been allocated to it, and about 14% of the province's lands are covered by the development of unbalanced irrigated agriculture, and does not have the sufficient ecological capacity for agricultural development.