فهرست مطالب mohammadsaeed zabihidan

In this era, human growth and progress in various sciences have been remarkable, so that the performance of the government has also been affected. Industrialization, progress and development of new communication and transportation technologies, urbanization, emergence of capitalism, growth and development of social division of labor, commercialization and commodification of economic relations are among the things that have caused the phenomenon of globalization. The mentioned cases can be effective on the activities of the government, especially for developing countries where the role of the government in the economy is very large. Due to the fact that the government plays a very important role in the economy and political decisions of a country, therefore, it is very important to examine the issues affecting the government's activities. Therefore, due to the importance of this issue, in this research, the impact of globalization on the Constraints on Government Powers in developing countries for the period 2012-2020 has been investigated. A panel regression analysis for 61 developing countries shows that political and social globalization has a positive and significant effect on the level of non-governmental organizations' monitoring of government power. But economic globalization has a positive and non-significant effect. A higher level of economic development has a positive effect and the abundance of natural resources has a negative effect on the level of and Constraints on Government Powers. In other words, the increase in social communication and the integration of more developing countries in the international political system leads to an increase in the supervision of non-governmental organizations over the power of the government. Considering that the phenomenon of globalization is one of the most important issues of the world and considering that developing countries including Iran are affected by this phenomenon, it is suggested that the government should facilitate globalization in order to increase efficiency in the economy.

This study evaluates the effect of the approval of Maku Free Trade-Industrial Zone on the development of counties located in this region. For this purpose, the development index of the counties has been calculated based on 22 variables and the TOPSIS method for 2011 and 2016. The results indicated that the development convergence hypothesis between the counties is not confirmed. Also, the approval of Maku Free Trade-Industrial Zone has increased the difference (positive difference) in the level of development of Maku county from the average development of the counties of West Azerbaijan province. For Showt county, despite the improvement in the development rank, the difference (negative difference) has increased from the average development of the counties of West Azerbaijan province. For Poldasht county, while the rank deteriorates, difference (negative difference) from the average development of the counties of West Azerbaijan province has also increased. In summary of the results, it can be argued that the approval of Maku Free Trade-Industrial Zone has not made a significant change in this zone in terms of development.

Today, the word creativity has found a very important role in the literature of urban and regional economics. The creativity of an area becomes a factor to attract people to that area. Also, the phenomenon of migration as an important issue is the concern of many researchers of different sciences; such as economics, sociology, statistics, geography and environment. The reason for the importance of this topic is that immigrants can have different political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, etc. effects on the host society and region. Immigrants who enter a region can bring economic prosperity and capital inflow to a region, or can cause various social and environmental crises. Along with the creativity of the region and migration, the issue of environmental pollution is another important issue in today's world. Therefore, due to the great importance of this issue, in this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of economic and environmental factors on migration, as well as factors affecting environmental pollution in the provinces of Iran. For this purpose, cross-sectional data was used in 2016. Considering the very important relationship between migration and environmental pollution, a model with two equations (net migration and CO2) as a system of simultaneous equations has been designed and estimated with the 3SLS method. The obtained results show that environmental pollution has a negative effect on the amount of migration. The results obtained in this research prove this issue. On the other hand, more immigration to a province, due to the increase in population, causes more pollution in that province. Also, the results show that the provinces that have moved towards industrialization have more CO2 emissions.

Today, migration is one of the most important growing phenomena in the world, which has a significant impact on the relationships between people, societies and governments in the regions of origin and destination. Along with this important phenomenon, there is another concept called economic development. Economic development can be considered as one of the most important goals of the government at different political and even international levels. Due to the high share of the government in Iran's economy, the government plays a very important role in the migration of people. Considering that the main goals of economic development are to increasing social welfare, reduce poverty, establishing social justice, create employment, appropriate income distribution and other it can be expected that these factors will motivate people to migrate from areas with less economic development to areas with more economic development. In this research, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of economic and environmental factors on migration, as well as factors affecting economic development in the provinces of Iran. For this purpose, cross-sectional data was used in 2016. Considering the very important relationship between migration and economic development, a model with two equations has been designed as a Simultaneous equations model and estimated by 3SLS method. The results show that regions with more economic development and creative human capital are factors for attracting immigrants. While environmental pollution has a negative effect on net migration. Also, the results show that the provinces that have moved towards industrialization, and the literacy rate is higher in them, are more developed.

Nowadays, the cities and the creative regions lead to economic growth and development of the country. That is why the concept of creativity has gained a special place in urban and regional studies. Therefore, it is important to recognize and reinforce the region's creativity criteria and indicators. different theories and studies express the effect of creativity on the economic growth of cities and regions. Different theories and studies illustrate the impact of creativity on the economic growth of cities and regions. Studies show that improving the creativity index and increasing the creativity of the city and the region will have a positive and significant impact on the economic growth of the city and the region. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the spatial analysis of the impact of economic creativity on the gross domestic product of the provinces of iran. To achieve this goal, we used the spatial econometric technique and the geographically weighted regression method. In this study, we used cross - sectional data in 2014 for 31 provinces of Iran. Initially, the TOPSIS method is used to calculate the creativity index in each province. Then, using the results, the Iranian provinces are ranked based on creativity. According to the results, North Khorasan, Zanjan, Semnan, Qazvin and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari provinces had the least creativity respectively and Khuzestan, Razavi Khorasan, Tehran, South Khorasan and Mazandaran provinces, had the most creativity respectively. The results of the model estimation using geographically weighted regression method show that the more the creativity in the provinces increases, the country’s GDP increases as well. Therefore, one of the factors contributing to the economic growth and development of the region and country is the improvement of regional creativity indicators and criteria, and consequently the increase of provincial creativity.

Urban Planning Laws and Regulations effect on the space structure of many cities. For example, green belt is one of these rules that prevent predetermined urban border growth and new construction. This article aimed at analyzing the effect of greenbelt on supplying the residential lands in London City of England Country. Considering that the greenbelt boundary around the cities in England has not changed in recent decades we used a cross- sectional space model. To investigate the impact of green belt on residential supply we used GIS software as well as data (share developed land and share in greenbelt) placed on 1Km. length of the furthest greenbelt boundary stretch, whether inside or outside of the greenbelt. The results of this article show that the green belt has a significant and negative effect on the portion of the developing lands. In the other word it may be said that land use regulation and politics have a significant negative effect on supplying the residential lands, and such land-use rules and politics prevented the urban border from growing and developing. Therefore, one of the economic effects of the green belt is the increase in housing prices in these cities due to restrictions on housing supply.

Creative cities and regions lead to economic growth. Different theories have been propsed regarding the association between creativity and economic growth of cities and regions including: “Human Capital Theory” presented by Glaeser, “Creative Class theory” suggested by Florida and “Cluster theory”.  Such theories point out to the fact that creativity criteria play a key role in the economic growth of cities and regions. Therefore, recognizing the standards and criteria of creativity in cities could be very important. Regarding this, the current study first introduces and investigates the effective indicators of creativity in metropolises.  Based on past studies and interviews with experts in this field, 111 indicators influencing the creativity of Iranian cities have been identified and introduced, from which 88 cases were used in this study due to insufficient data and statistics. Subsequently, the modified TOPSIS method was used to rank the metropolises. The results show that Tehran metropolis, based on the weight (0.5, 0.5), has the highest creativity with the creativity index of 0.06. The metropolises Mashhad and Tabriz are the second and third in the ranking while Karaj is the last metropolis with the least creativity.

Among the theories explaining the relationship between creativity criteria in cities and economic growth, “Human Capital Theory” by Glaeser and “Creative Class theory” by Florida can be mentioned. Accordingly, present paper aimed at analysis of the creativity effect on regional economic growth and is presented in two theoretical and experimental parts. Considering the results of the current paper, there are no studies within new economic geographical theory in which the creativity explicitly points out to the growth model. In this paper, such research gap is filled and a model is presented within a new economic geographical theory as a theoretical achievement. The growth model is solved as a numerical model through using calibration technique as well as required data and information of Iranian Economic. The results obtained from sensitivity analysis show that the relation between growth and creativity is positive and concave. The concave of this model shows that growth in ration of creativity has the descending returns.

This study examines the effect of R&D on firm performance in Iranian manufacturing industries at 4 digit ISIC codes level in 2007, using a data set consisting 132 industries. While this study is based on the ‘Structure-Conduct-Performance’ (SCP approach), for empirical investigation the simultaneous equations system is used. The four equations which have been used in the study are: ‘concentration’, ‘advertisement’, ‘research and development’ and ‘profitability’. Three stage least squares method (3SLS) has been applied for model estimation. The results show that the incumbents in industries with high level of profitability have less incentive to engage in R&D activities. The results also show that industrial concentration has a positive significant effect on profitability.