فهرست مطالب mohit kumar

According to the March of Dimes (MOD) global report on birth defects, 7.9 million births occur annually worldwide with serious birth defects. The prevalence of congenital anomalies in India is 6-7%. Worldwide, NTDs affect 323,904 infants with a prevalence rate of 0.5 to 11 per 1000 births. Although prenatal sonography has been developed in recent years, the definitive diagnosis of fatal fetal malformations is best made by fetal autopsy. An autopsy not only confirms, but also provides additional information and is useful in advising parents about the risks and prevention of similar malformations in future pregnancies. The aim of the study is to study the spectrum of Neural tube defects in foetal autopsies.

This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Hassan Institute of Medical sciences, Hassan, Karnataka, India. 97 fetal autopsies were performed between July 2010 to June 2020, out of which 39 cases had CNS malformations. 36 cases with NTD were included in this study. All the essential clinical data were retrieved from the autopsy forms and case files. In every case, the location and morphology of the NTD and associated morphologic anomalies were noted. The statistical analysis was performed by using frequency and percentage using SPSS version 24.

Out of 36 cases, the majority of the cases were Spina bifida (27.78%) followed by Anencephaly (25%).

Congenital disorders are a great public health issue in developing countries. The multidisciplinary approaches to fetal malformations have ever increasing importance in prenatal medicine. Fetal autopsy has a vital role in diagnosis of congenital malformations and detecting the cause of death.

 Bupivacaine is one of the most widely used local anesthetics in spinal anesthesia. Clonidine is a known adjuvant added to prolong the duration of anesthesia. Amongst the complications related to spinal block, neurological complications can be the most troublesome.

 We presented a case where the reversal of motor and sensory blockade after spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and clonidine was extremely delayed in the absence of any neurological injury.

 Such cases remind the significance of timely and elaborate assessment in the detection of iatrogenic complications and the unpredictability of physiological and pharmacological interactions.

 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global health issue in the modern era. Type 2 DM is the most common form and accounts for 90%. DM is identified to have a prothrombotic tendency, and the causative agent involved in this process might be the hyperactivity of the platelets. This study is intended to assess mean platelet volume in diabetes mellitus patients as well as the correlation between HbA1c and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in prediabetic, diabetic, and normoglycemic status.

 This was a prospective study conducted in the department of pathology, Hassan Institute of Medical Science, Hassan, India for a period of 3 months, from May 2022 to July 2022. The total sample size of this study was 600, which included 200 cases of diabetes, 200 patients with prediabetic status, and 200 subjects with normoglycemic levels. Diabetic, prediabetic, and normoglycemic status was confirmed by reviewing the medical records. Cases with abnormal hematocrit, abnormal platelet values, and chemotherapy patients were excluded from the study. Data was compiled and statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2021. 

 The most common age group to have DM was 41 to 50 years, followed by 61 to 70 years. There is gender predilection in DM. The majority of people with diabetes have MPV between 8.01 to 10.00 fL. However, the majority of non-diabetics have MPV below eight fL.

 MPV is found to be higher in the people with diabetes when compared to prediabetics and non-diabetics. Also, HbA1c and MPV are positively correlated. Hence MPV and HbA1c can be used as markers of poor glycemic control and associated complications of diabetes.

The aim of this paper is to establish new fixed point theorems for single-valued and multivalued maps which satisfy α-ψ-contraction conditions in the complete fuzzy metric space. In this paper, we extend the results of Hussain et al. and Samet et al. Some comparative examples are also given which demonstrate the superiority of our results from the exiting results in the literature.