فهرست مطالب mohsen darabi

In this work, we introduce a novel method for solving two-dimensional fuzzy Fredholm integral equations of the second kind (2D-FFIE-2). We use new representation of parametric form of fuzzy numbers and convert a two-dimensional fuzzy Fredholm integral equation to system of two-dimensional Fredholm integral equations of the second kind in crisp case. We can use Adomian decomposition method for nding the approximation solution of the each equation, hence obtain an approximation for fuzzy solution of 2D-FFIE-2. We prove the convergence of the method and nally apply the method to some examples

Fuzzy Volterra integral equations, especially the second kind is interested for researchers to be solved withnumerical methods since analytical methods are not applicable. Here a new study based on Fibonacci polynomialscollocation method in order to solve them is introduced. Some properties of these polynomials are consideredto implement a collocation method in order to approximate the solution of Fuzzy Volterra integral equations ofthe second kind. The existence and uniqueness of the solution also convergence and error analysis of proposedmethod are proved thoroughly. The results showed the calculations of the method are simple and low cost.

In this research dimensionless temperature, convection heat transfer and entropy generation for the steady state flow in the stagnation point of nanofluid impinging on an infinite cylinder have been investigated. The impinging free stream is steady with a constant strain rate . Similarity solution of the Navier-Stokes and energy equations is derived in this problem. A reduction of these equations is obtained by use of appropriate transformations introduced in this research. The general self similar solution is obtained when the wall temperature is constant. All the solutions above are presented for Reynolds numbers  ranging from 0.1 to 1000 and selected values of particle fractions where a is radius of the cylinder and is kinematic viscosity of the base fluid. Results show that for all Reynolds numbers, as the particle fraction increases, the depth of diffusion of the fluid velocity field in radial and axial directions and shear-stresses decreases whereas convective heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number increases also maximum value of entropy generation has been calculated.

Penile fracture is a relatively rare urologic emergency. It is defined as traumatic rupture in tunica albuginea of corpus cavernosum. Traditionally, surgeon explores the penis in full-length by complete degloving of its skin and repairs any defect in the tunica. Imaging modalities such as ultrasound and MRI may be of help to reveal the exact site of tunica defect preoperatively for tailoring the surgical repair by making a direct incision over the defect. Tunica albuginea is a hyperechoic layer in ultrasound covering corpora cavernosa, and its tear appears as a hypoechoic defect in this band. In MRI, tunica is seen as a low-signal intensity layer in all conventional pulse sequences around the corpora cavernosa, and its tear is evident as a discontinuity in this layer. In addition, imaging modalities may demonstrate associated injuries such as hematoma, urethral rupture, and corpus spongiosum injury.
To investigate accuracy of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in penile fracture diagnosis and preoperative mapping.
18 consecutive patients included in the study during two years prospectively. Ultrasound and MRI were performed in all patients and interpreted by two expert radiologists independently. The defect site was mapped on a designed platform preoperatively using each modality blinded to the result of other modality. All patients were explored surgically by an expert surgeon using complete degloving of the penis technique, which was the routine procedure in our tertiary referral center. The surgeon was blinded to the radiologic mapping, and the surgical results were considered as the gold-standard. Detection rate, and agreement between preoperative imaging mapping and surgical result were determined for each modality.
Mean age of patients was 28.2 ± 7.3 years-old. Most penile fractures were occurred during sexual intercourse (89%). Most common location of tunica rupture was mid-shaft of penis (67%), and mean length of tunica defect was 14.8 ± 3.2 mm. All patients had associated hematoma, but no one revealed urethral injury. Detection rate of ultrasound and MRI was 89% and 100%, respectively. Ultrasound was unable to detect tunica rupture in 2 patients (11%), all of which revealed tears at the penile base in MRI and during surgical exploration. Ultrasound mapped tear location correctly in 13 patients (kappa, 0.26; P = 0.045), while MRI mapped it precisely in 17 cases (kappa, 0.89; P = 1.00).
Both imaging modalities may be used for detecting tunica tear especially in atypical cases that physical examination is equivocal. However, MRI is more accurate in preoperative mapping of rupture location for performing a modified less invasive surgery.

Background and abjective: Cement factories are considered as one of the most important pollution sources, especially heavy metals pollution. At present, Phytoremediation is known as one of the best strategies to eliminate or reduce these pollutants. In the present study the phytoremediation ability of Cd, Zn, pb and Mn by nine trees species including Ailanthus glandulosa, Fraxinus rotundifolia, Robinia Pseudo Acasia, Ulmus umbraculifera, Eucalyptus microtheca, Quercus branti, Cupressus arizonica, Pinus eldarica and Cupressus sempervirens were investigated around the Ilam Cement Factory.
Material and For measuring the deposition of metals in the leaves of studied species, 0.2 grams of their biomasses were separately weighed then 4 ml nitric acid (65%) was added to each sample. After 24-hincubation at room temperature, the proportions of considered metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.. The obtainedresults were analyzed by SPSS 20 software usingKolmogrov-Smirnov, Leven and One-way ANOVA Tests.
Results showed that the amount of Cd in electro filter of factory was approximately close to the amount of Cd deposited in leaves of considered species, however; the amounts of pb, zn and mn in electro filter of factory were much more than the amounts of these three metals in leaves. The maximum and minimum accumulation of pb were related to Eucalyptus microtheca and Cupressus sempervirens respectively. In addition, the maximum and minimum amounts of deposited Mn were in Ailanthus glandulosa and Pinus eldarica respectively. The results also indicated that the maximum and minimum accumulation of Zn were in Quercus branti and Fraxinus rotundifolia respectively.
It can be concluded from the results; the broad-leaf species are much more efficient than narrow-leaf ones in heavy metals remediation, so; it is suggested that in future development plans of green space, the broad-leaf species, especially Quercus branti, Ailanthus glandulosa Desf and Eucalyptus microtheca are more considered.