mohsen jami

Garagheh closed basin is located in the west and northwest of Zahedan city and in the middle of Sistan Suture Zone. The presence of this basin with a large area that located in a shear-compressional Sistan Suture Zone that surrounded by numerous faults can be a subject for study of active tectonics in this area. Based on field study and the relationship between tectonic structures, the development of this basin has been investigated. We applied the geomorphic indices such as mountain-front sinuosity (SMF), asymmetry factor of drainage basin (AF), hypsometric integral (HI), basin shape (BS), mean axial slope of channel (MASC), valley floor width –valley height ratio (VF), relative assessment of tectonic activity (Iat) to evaluate tectonic activity of 378 sub-basins. The results suggest that the main basin is active and asymmetric but the activity of sub-basins are different throughout the study area. High active sub-basins are mainly located around the main basin and associated with active faults but less active basins are mainly located in the center. The relationship between shape of main basin and active faults shows, depending on the shape of the basin, the faults are close to each other in the north and northwest and far apart in the south and southeast. These results suggest a counter clockwise rotation of faults caused a tectonic rotation that creates a transtensional deformation that form a closed Garagheh Basin.

In the management of the blood supply chain network, the existence of a coherent and accurate program can help increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the network. This research presents an integrated mathematical model to minimize network costs and blood delivery time in crisis conditions. In the present model, to ensure timely and sufficient blood supply, especially in crisis conditions, the new approach concentration of blood collection, processing, and distribution sites in the facilities, emergency transportation, pollution, route traffic (delivery delay), blood type substitution, and supporter facilities were used. Moreover, other important decisions, including locating all permanent and temporary facilities at three blood collection, processing, and distribution sites, and blood shortage, were also applied in the model. The proposed model was solved for several problems using the Augmented epsilon-constraint method. The results showed that deploying advanced processing equipment in field hospitals, the concentration of sites in facilities, and blood type substitution have significantly improved network efficiency. Therefore, managers and decision-makers can use the proposed approaches to optimize the blood supply chain network to minimize network costs and blood delivery time.

Bazman volcano, in the South East of Iran, northwest of the city of Iranshahr and is located in the north of the city Bazman. The aim of this study was active tectonic basinemanating from the Bazman volcano (with a focus over the city Bazman) and its environment as well as the level of tectonic activity in the region is the relative. In this regard has been paid to the study of morphometric indices The morphometric indices which include over Drainage Basin Asymmetry (Af), Sinuosity Front Mountain (Smf), Longitudinal slope gradient of River (SL), Floor width to valley Height (Vf), Hypsometric Integral (Hi), Mean axial tilt channel (MASC), the shape of the basin (Bs) for the study of tectonic activity in the area has been used. These indicators have been studied to evaluate the relative tectonic activity (IAT) of the basins and sub-basins of the region. The results of geomorphic analyzes are expressed as a relative index of tectonic activities (IAT). This index shows the tectonic activities of a region in four categories of low, medium, high and very high activity. on the Base of studies, the classification of tectonic activity is as follows: Area with very high relative tectonic activity in the northwestern and northeastern parts of the study area, These basins are located in the north-northeastern and eastern parts of the region, which is mainly affected by lithology (especially around the volcano), the young vertical movement of faults and active tectonic structures in these basins. The zone with moderate relative tectonic activity is located in the middle and southern parts of the region and the zone with low relative tectonic activity is located in the basins of the central, western and southwestern parts of this zone. The results of the analysis of indicators indicate tectonic activity in the area of Bazman volcano and its surroundings. Due to the located of Bazman city and population centers in the vicinity of the volcano, especially its southeastern part, the possibility of geological hazards in the future is inevitable.

Sustainable development is the consequent of balance generation among the three parameters, contains economy, social and environment; As their inattention will cause the balance disturbance and getting away from sustainable development. The mining industry and dependent industries are one of the most influential industries in economic development and industrialization process for each country. The main target of sustainable mining is the profit rising, reducing the operational risk and making the ideal environmental circumstances. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an essential issue in environmental problem protection. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the Boog Granite Mine located in Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran, and determining the effective factors and environmental components, was done, in the present study. Boog granite mine is one of the most important Iranian construction quarries, which is extracted outdoors and has a significant impact on the economy, culture, and environment around it. In this study, a quantitative model of environmental impact assessment was used using the matrix method. Air quality, ecology, and human health and safety are along with the most environmental damages resulted from the mining activities in that area with 33.63, 28.26 and 28.09 percent, respectively. Finally, the results gained from the assessment of the environmental impact are used to evaluate the sustainability using Philips Mathematical Model. Considering the accomplished calculations and considering that the environmental parameters are bigger than the human parameter, the present project has been evaluated as a sustainable case; but the sustainability has been located in a weak class. So environmental preventive measures are recommended to reduce the environmental damages to its components.

Due to great effect of mining operation on environment and dependent sides, paying attention to the aspects of sustainable development (SD) is important. A conjugation of Grey theory and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) is able to find out cause and effect relations among the triple mining SD components and their effective factors. Grey–DEMATEL approach has been used in order to effectively quantify indicators of sustainable development of a copper mine located in south east Iran. This systematic approach transformed the quantitative and qualitative information into a analogous scale and measured the interrelationships among the SD components and their factors. Hierarchical Grey-based DEMATEL compensated the incomplete and uncertain environmental and socio-economic information. The obtained results indicated that social component with an R value of 10 is relatively strong direct influencer on the other components and the economic component is the least direct influencer with R= 8.49. Among the social impacting factors, employment of local work forces is the most important factor that needs to be consider with sustainable development objectives.

The longitudinal profile of the rivers provides valuable information about the changes in the conditions governing the catchment areas. For this reason, it has always been the favorable subject of many researchers. By examining the longitudinal profiles of the rivers, we can examine the status of tectonic activities in the region. In this research, the longitudinal profile of the catchment area of ​​ Polrood river basin and its effective factors were investigated. In order to do this research, the study area is divided into 10 basins and sub basins, and in each of these basins, the sub-basins, type of flow, the amount of tectonic activity and exit points of equilibrium status in the form of longitudinal profile of the river were identified. In the tectonic assessment of the under study river basins and sub-basins, some of the active tectonic indicators of Hi, the SL index and also the drawing of the Ds diagram have been used.Also, the results obtained from calculating the hypsometric integral indices and the SL index in these basina and sub basins indicate the mild rate of tectonic and uplift activity. The formation of NIC points and fractures in the Basin and sub-basins of Plourod, Shelman and Jirkol are litho logical changes. In other words, litho logical changes in these three basins and sub-basins cause distortion of the longitudinal profile of the river. The rate of hypsometric integral in the basin of the Polrood, Shelman and Jirkol basins is 0.79, 0.59 and 0.38, respectively. These values ​​indicate a relatively high level of tectonic activity in these three basins, however, litho logical changes in these basins and sub-basins are the cause of forming fractures and imbalance in the longitudinal profile of the river. Values of hypsometric integral ​​in Selechal, Asgharabad, Chalakrood and Sorkh-Ghele sub-basins are 0.54, 0.6, 0.45 and 0.44, respectively, which indicate the mild tectonic level in the sub-basins of the Chalakrood And Sorkh-Ghele, as well as relatively high tectonic rates in the sub-basins of Asgharad and Selechal. The cause of imbalance and fracture in the longitudinal profile of the river in this basin and sub-basin is a combination of tectonic and litho logic factors. The highest rate of SL index anomalies is in sub-basins of Selechal, Asgharabad, Chalakrood, which are high and resistant in terms of litho logy, the remaining anomalies of basins and sub-basins of the study area have values of SL index of medium up to low. Eventually, the study carried out in this basin and the obtained results, it was revealed that the shape of the longitudinal profile of the Polrood River is more subject to litho logical changes and tectonic processes have less effect on it.

Taftan volcano young to age Pliocene-Quaternary and semi-active volcanic system is located 50 kilometers north of the city of Khash. It seems in this area the phenomenon of young volcanoes and tectonically active area morphology have played a major role. According to population centers around the volcano and the earthquake of high magnitude in this area (earthquakes related to Saravan fault), study tectonic activity in this area is important. The Taftan active structures around the importance of this issue twice. The purpose of this study Taftan active tectonic drainage basins, environment and level of tectonic activity in the region is relative. In the field of geomorphic indicators have been used for the study of tectonic activity. These indicators include: the drainage basin asymmetry (Af), mountain front sinuosity (Smf), the slope of the valley (Sl), floor width to valley height (Vf), hypsometric integral (Hi). The index for evaluating relative active tectonic (Iat) basin and sub-basin of the study area were used. A recent survey shows that Neotectonic an important role in the evolution of geomorphic region. Based on the proposed model, recognized three tectonic zones in the study area: (zone with relatively high tectonic activity), this zone is observed only in two sub-basin, 4-B and 9-C, (zone of tectonic activity relative to average) the wide area of the region in this area, it is important that the structures can be noted in the northwest of Dargiaban, Iranshahr fault and fault Saadat-abad, (zone with relatively low tectonic activity) this zone has observations in two sub-basin only 5-C, 1-D, 9A and 8. The results of the analysis of indicators and field observations indicate tectonic activity are also within the scope of Taftan volcano (quantitatively) and its surroundings.

Although during the last two centuries , no important seismic activity has been observed along e Tabriz fault, but field surveys show the active faulting along this fault. Based on the field evidences, different morphological features relevant with faulting can be observed along this fault, So, possibility of occurrence of destructive earthquake by this fault in future is not unlikely. Tabriz Fault is composed of two main pieces. This fault in its length has not the same geometry and based on the changes in the geometry of fault rupture level, it can be divided in to three parts. The northern part is continued from the north part of Tabriz airport up to Soofiyan city and is compatible on the northern part of Tabriz fault. In this part, Tabriz fault has caused Miocene sediments to be laid on young Quaternary sediments and has a relatively steep slope toward north east. The middle part is continued from the north part of Tabriz airport up to the east of Baghmisheh town and has caused Miocene sediments to be laid on young Quaternary sediments and has a relatively steep slope toward north east . Also, terrace surfaces indicate rising the northern block of this fault. The middle and northern part of Tabriz fault has separated from each other by a Pull-Apart structure . finally, the south part of Tabriz fault, which is continued from the east of Baghmisheh, Tabriz up to Bostanabad city , has caused Plyv- Quaternary sediments with the fault border to be laid on Miocene sediments. The south part of Tabriz fault unlike to its middle and southern part has a gradient toward south west. In both of the third faults, Tabriz fault has caused the sediment movement to the right and has a pressure component.

According to the seismotectonic study, Tabriz region and its surrounding have been in an area with high seismic risk. Main and Seismic faults such as The North Tabriz Fault, Tasuj, Shabestar, South Misho, North Misho, etc… are placed at a little distance from Tabriz. Since the little distance of thses faults and some records of earthquakes along their length in past, occurrence of a destructive earthquake along each of those faults in feature can exert shakes with moderate to high horizontal PGA at the site of Tabriz city. The North Tabriz Fault that placed in the vicinity of Tabriz has expected the greatest threat of earthquakes for this city so that this fault in 50 and 100yr periods, with 64% probability of exceedance has the potential of creating an earthquake with horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) 0/23g and 0/18g in Tabriz city. Attention to average horizontal PGA maps drawing in this paper, Tabriz city in 50, 100 and 475yr periods with 10% probability of exceedance has placed in area with very high risk of earthquake and in 100yr period with 64% probability of exceedance has placed in area with high risk of earthquake. Based on Gutenberg- Richter relation and seismicity of Tabriz city, recurrence periods of earthquake with Ms=7 and Ms= 7/4 in this city are 291 and 558 years.

The under study area is located at the north east of Iran at the vicinity of Torbat e jam city. The main faults like Golbano، Gourband، Jahan-Abad، Rasoul-Abad and Kajab are located at a short distances from Torbat e jam city. Gourband fault is the largest fault in alluvial sediments of Torbat e jam plain that has north west – south east trend. Studying the geotectonical activity of the mentioned fault regarding its proximity to the city and locating various villages in its neighboring has a great importance. In this research، the effect of recent movements of this fault on the structural geomorphology of the region has been studied. To evaluate geotectonic actions of the studied fault، morphotectonic (Smf، V، SL) has been used as the main tool. Studying neotectonic morphology indices indicate high activity of this fault. The existence of fault rises، changing route of streams and channels، ‘V’ shape valleys، folds of quaternary sediments and change of color in sediments at the fault zone are of the important geomorphologic indices that is observed in field surveying and in connection with the movement of Gourband fault. The movement in channels indicates the youngest movement along this fault، the direction of these channels also indicates the right direction of slip movement in the mentioned fault. The existences of rise in neogen sediments at the location of superficial effect of fault also indicate rising and reserved component in this fault.

Most of the seismic activities in north-east of Iran are observed around the major fault systems which have mostly been distributed along the approximate direction of NW-SE. Fractal analysis was performed in north-eastern Iran by the method square-counting for the sake of which the study area was classified into 12 regions and each region was analyzed separately. Fractal dimension is ranged between 0 and 2. If Fractal dimension is approximate 0, it will indicate that the faults and earthquakes have been centered in one place. If Fractal dimension is approximate 2, it will indicate that the faults and earthquakes have been dispersed in the area. In fact, this comparative method is a vibrated action among neighbor areas. Based on the results by distancing from the main fault systems in the region that possesses the trend of NW-SE, The fractal dimension of seismicity is reduced .This indicates the existence of discontinuity in the major fault systems in the region. The high rate of fractal dimension of the regions of same Qaen, Boshruyeh and Torbat – e –Heydarieh as well as the reduction in the rate of the fractal dimension of the blocks of Birjand, Gazik and Taybad, suggest that the terminal area of the major fault systems in the east is located in the area of Taybad and Birjand blocks. On the basis of Fractal analysis of the fault zone and the study of the seismic data, most of the seismic activity in the north - East of Iran is based on the pattern of intercontinental earthquakes of low depth (mostly between 10-20 km) and occurs in relation to the primary linear sources (faults) in the area or their secondary branches. The distribution of voluminal and superficial fractal dimension of the East of Iran Also, indicates the higher seismic activity in the central and western parts in regard to other adjacent.