فهرست مطالب mohsen saberi

This research seeks to analyze and examine the aesthetic elements of the " White Situation " series in the expression of religious education teachings.

The data collection method in this research will be documentary-library which after collecting and studying the sources, including books and movies, the practical materials will be extracted and categorized and used. The film analysis method in the current research is a neo-formalist approach, in this approach the understanding of films and their communication methods with society goes through a special procedure.

In the two sections of narrative aesthetic elements and stylistic elements, the "White Status" series has been examined. In the discussion of narrative elements, topics such as narrative, theme, and characterization were discussed. Also, in the section of stylistic elements, discussions about mise-en-scène such as stage design, costume design and Make-up, lighting, and in the discussion of imaging to issues such as the size of the shot, framing, and camera movements; And in the topic of editing, issues such as rhythm and the relationship between shots were discussed and evaluated in order to show Hamid Nematullah's effort to express a nostalgic period in the history of the Islamic Revolution with a focus on the religious education of teenagers.

In the end, the success of the " White Situation " series can be attributed to the careful, creative and artistic look of the director and the correct use of content and theme in formal elements and paying attention to the two-way relationship between form and content in order to influence the audience. And conveying a sense of nostalgia.

According to Persian medicine (PM), the uterus is an important organ in women, responsible for purifying the blood and nourishing the fetus. Each organ has a specific temperament distinct from the whole-body temperament based on PM. Dystemperament occurs when body or organ Mizaj (Persian word for temperament) deviates from what is considered normal, resulting in malfunction. Many gynecological disorders described in PM and conventional medicine, including infertility, recurrent miscarriage, oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, hypermenorrhea, vaginitis, cervicitis, urinary incontinence, and pelvic pain, are considered to be associated with uterine dystemperaments. Hence, proper management of such disorders requires precise diagnosis and treatment of uterine dystemperaments. Accordingly, this review study aimed to collect and categorize these symptoms from PM texts and other relevant articles.

In this study, we reviewed 10 well-known PM references, including Canon in Medicine (Al-Qanun Fi al-Teb), the Great Panacea (Exir-e A’zam), the Treasure of Kharazmshah (Zakhireh Kharazmshahi), the Perfect Book of the Art of Medicine (Kamel alSana’a al-Tebbiya), Akbari’s Medicine (Tebb-E-Akbari), Gharshi’s Commentary on Canon of Medicine (Sharh-e Qarshi bar Qanun), Commentary on Hippocrates’ Aphorisms (Sharh-e Fosul-e Boqraat), Summary of Experiences (Kholasa-tut Tajarob), Description of Signs and Symptoms (Sharh-e Asbab va Alamat), and Aghili’s Treatments (Mo’alejat-e Aghili). Moreover, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases were queried with the keywords ‘mizaj’, ‘temperament’, ‘uterus’, ‘uterine’, ‘cold/hot or warm’, and ‘dry/wet’, while Persian databases of Magiran, Iran Medex, and SID were searched using keywords ‘mizaj’, ‘rahem’, ‘garm’, ‘sard’, ‘tar’, and ‘khoshk’ to extract signs and symptoms associated with uterine temperament and dystemperament.

Five indicators were specified in the articles and PM sources for determining the temperament and dystemperament of the uterus as follows: 1) Menstrual blood characteristics (including amount, temperature, color, odor, flow rate, and consistency); 2) Uterine discharge characteristics (including amount, consistency, color, odor, and accompanied symptoms, especially burning and itching); 3) Fertility and pregnancy status (including infertility, abortion, etc.); 4. Other characteristics of the female reproductive system (including pubic hair, menarche age, sexual desire and quality of intercourse, and vaginal and cervical condition on vaginal examination); and 5) General symptoms (including the ten PM indicators of whole-body Mizaj).

PM sources have described the characteristics of uterine temperament and dystemperament in detail. These indices can be used for more effective diagnosis, treatment, and even prevention of gynecological diseases, as well as designing and validation of standard tools for determining uterine temperament and dystemperament.

Ankle sprains are amongst the most common sports injuries. Our study aimed to evaluate the results of arthroscopic surgery of detachable osteochondritis lesions in the talus (OLT) following rotational trauma in military patients referred to us.

 We assessed 120 patients referred to our Hospital from June 2021 to June 2021 due to detached osteochondritis lesions in the talus of the foot. The lesion was due to rotational trauma and ankle sprain. Time to return to activity, ATFL rupture, PTFL rupture, OS trigonum, rupture of the lower desperation CFL, Loose body, and location were compared.

Out of 120 patients, 107 (89.2%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 38.17±12.70 years. The mean time to return to activity was 108.07±27.87 days in women and 92.89±25.56 days in men (P = 0.066). ATFL rupture was 11 (84.6%) in women and 48 (44.9%) (P = 0.007). Lower syndesmosis was 8 (61.5%) in women and 30 (28.0%) (P = 0.014). The mean time to return to activity in patients <45 years was 87.54±23.59, and in patients >45 years was 114.51±22.81 days (P = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the distribution of ATFL rupture, PTFL rupture.

The results of this study showed that the mean time to return to activity in female patients was longer than in males. Also, the return time to activity in patients less than 45 years was less than in patients over 45 years. The rupture of ATFL, and inferior Syndesmosis was higher in female than male patients.

Burns are one of the most important health problems in communities. Traumatic injuries, especially Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) associated with burns, may increase disability and mortality. In addition to preventing burns, any action for a better treatment approach and early detection of concomitant traumatic injuries can reduce complications, disability, and treatment costs. We aimed to investigate the outcome of children with burn injury with and without TBI.

In this cross-sectional study, 392 children with burn injuries treated at Motahari Hospital in Tehran, Iran from 2018-2019 were enrolled. Patient demographics, burn injury information and TBI-related information including head trauma and fracture were recorded in a checklist. Patients were divided into two groups of death (24 people) or discharge (368 people) in terms of outcome and the underlying variables were compared in the two groups.

There was no significant difference between the mean age of patients and gender in the two groups. The difference in the length of hospital stay, inhalation injury and skull fracture in the two groups was not statistically significant. The mean burn severity based on Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) and the frequency of TBI in the deceased group was significantly higher (P=0.001).

The severity of burns based on TBSA and TBI is associated with increased mortality among children with burn injuries. The results suggest the need to examine children with burn injuries for TBI using clinical examination or imaging.

 Uterus is an important body organ in women responsible for purifying blood and carrying fetus. In Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM), identifying the uterine temperament (mizaj) is necessary for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this organ’s diseases. Many gynecological disorders in TIM including infertility, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, hypermenorrhea, vaginitis, cervicitis, urinary incontinence and pelvic pain are related to uterine distemperament (Su-e mizaj). Therefore, their appropriate treatment depends on the correct diagnosis and treatment of uterine distemperament. Criteria for uterine distemperament in TIM resources are qualitative with no method for precise measurement of its symptoms. This study aims to develop a standard diagnostic protocol of uterine temperament and distemperament for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

 This is a qualitative study using hybrid concept analysis including three phases: theoretical, fieldwork, and final analytical. In the theoretical phase, TIM resources were reviewed. In the fieldwork phase, experts in TIM and patients were interviewed to extract concepts related to uterine temperaments and distemperaments.

 In the final analytical phase, major and minor criteria for determination of uterine temperament were presented. Then, we had a several meetings with a panel of experts in TIM in order to design the protocol which led to the development of a standard diagnostic protocol of warm and cold uterine temperament/distemperament.

 The proposed protocol is an important step towards harmonizing the methods of diagnosis and treatment in TIM, and can be used for treatment or research purposes.

This study was designed for the evaluation of Acellular Dermal Matrix (ADM) as a scaffold for adipose-derived stem cell transferring in the rat model.

This experimental study was done in the Burn Research Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences and Bonyakhteh Research Center, Tehran, Iran according to the standards of laboratory animals. Overall, 26 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Two of them were used to prepare ADM. In group one, the first wound on each, rat was spread with the mixture of fibrin gel and autologous stem cell. Only the stem cells combined with fibrinogen were spread on the other wound. In group two, the first wound on each rat was covered only with ADM, and the second wound was covered with gauze Vaseline. To perform sampling we used observation and photography at 7-30 days. Overall, 48 samples were taken of all the rats using skin punch biopsy on the 30th day for histopathology evaluation.

There were significant differences in each group; however, the difference between different groups on days was not significant. In pathology, epithelialization, vascularization, the amount of collagen, collagen arrangement, the number of fibroblasts, and inflammation indices were investigated. The total score in each group was used for analysis. In statistical analysis, there was no pathology score difference among groups.

Using stem cells with or without ADM could not enhance the process of wound healing or improve pathology indices.

Functional bloating is one of the gastrointestinal diseases that impacts the quality of life and social activities of the patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle modification based on Persian Medicine (PM) on functional bloating improvement. Fifty patients with functional bloating and ROME III confirmation criteria were enrolled in the study groups of control and intervention. The intervention group received lifestyle modification education based on PM perspectives, and the control group did not receive any training. The score of implementing PM recommendations by patients was evaluated by the questionnaire of “compliance with the PM principles effective on functional bloating” once every two weeks during the two months of the study. The severity of clinical Complications Associated with Functional Bloating (CAFB) was also evaluated before and after the study by visual analog scale. Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed by t-test and ANCOVA in SPSS version 19. The qualitative data analysis was performed via Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. The severity of clinical CAFB was significantly higher in women at baseline (P = 0.027). Lifestyle modification of patients led to a gradual increase in compliance with the PM principles. By the end of the study, the mean score of compliance with the PM principles in the intervention group was significantly higher compared to the pre-intervention score (P<0.0001) and also compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). Besides, the educational intervention resulted in a significant decrease (51.8%) in the mean severity of all clinical CAFB in the intervention group before and after training (P < 0.0001) and between the control group and the intervention group (P < 0.0001). Therefore, Lifestyle modification based on PM probably can be effective in improving the clinical complications of functional bloating.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is recommended as an effective treatment for both major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment‐resistant depression.

According to the possible impact of rTMS on cognitive psychological characteristics, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of rTMS in meta‐worry and neuropsychological functions among MDD patients.

This quasi‐experimental study was conducted on 30 patients with MDDreferring to Atieh Clinical Neuroscience Center, Tehran, Iran, in 2019. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control (n=15 each).The data collection tools included the Beck Depression Inventory, meta‐worry subscale of the Anxious Thoughts Inventory, and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.

The comparison between the two groups showed that the scores of the meta‐worry scale improved after the intervention in patients undergoing rTMS, compared to those in the control group (Z=‐3.41; P=0.002); however, no difference was observed between the two groups in the follow‐up (Z=‐2.02; P=0.053). The assessment of neuropsychological functions among the patients undergoing rTMS and those in the control demonstrated thatneuropsychological functions (i.e., Minimum Spanning Tree, Rapid Visual Information Processing, and Spatial Working Memory) were significantly different immediately after the intervention and in the follow‐up (P<0.05) except for the Difficulty Maintaining Sleep (DMS) subtest. In addition, the mean depression score was significantly differentbetween the two groups (Z=‐4.17; P<0.005). There was a significant relationship between depression and all the subtests of neuropsychological functionsexcept for DMS (P>0.05).

In summary, the results of the current study indicated that the use of rTMS was an effective method inthe improvement of neuropsychological functions except for DMS in patients with depression. However, the obtained findings did not demonstrate the persistent effect of multiple rTMS on meta‐worry.

Physical fitness is a major contributor to combat readiness, and current military tests do not measure it appropriately. The purpose of this study was to design a combat readiness test that could reliably and consistently determine the level of physical fitness distinctly required prior to deployment into the battlefield.

The subjects of this study were military personnel with an average age of 30.5±4.14 years. After the initial design of the test, content, criterion and discriminant validity were assessed. The reliability was evaluated through the test-retest method. Physiological parameters such as heart rate and blood lactate as well as Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were used to determine the severity of the designed test. Data analysis was done by SPSS-18.

The test was designed in a circuit and consisted of 11 items. After validity assessment, questions with CVI (content validity index) and CVR (content validity ratio) of less than the limit were modified and corrected. The validation process was repeated until the desired amount of CVR of 0.56 and the CVI greater than 0.79 were obtained. There was a positive correlation between the time of the designed test and the time of the American army combat readiness Test (ACRT). The time taken to complete the test was significantly different between elite and non-elite volunteers was significantly different. A significant correlation was found between test and retest results.

Results indicate that the test has acceptable content validity, criterion, discriminant validity, and reliability. The physiological variables of heart rate and blood lactate concentration and RPE before and after the test showed that the severity of the test was maximal.

Pediatric cancer as a traumatic event needs pastoral counseling for family compatibility. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spiritual counseling using Sound Heart Model on stress, anxiety, and depression of parents of children with cancer.

In this randomized, controlled, pre- and post-clinical trial, which was done in 2019, 72 parents of children with cancer from the armed forces family referred to the Baqiyatallah hospital and Children's Medical Center of Tehran were assigned into control and intervention groups by using block randomization method. Spiritual counseling was provided to the intervention group through virtual method by donating educational software included sixteen spiritual counseling sessions with emphasis on improving the relationships with God, self, people, and nature. Along with, training sessions were held once a week on the social network.For data collection, demographic questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS 21) were completed before and immediately after the intervention by the participants. The T-pair test was used to compare each group before and after the intervention, the independent T-test was used to compare the two groups at each stage.

The results showed no significant difference in the mean scores of depression (p = 0.68), stress (p = 0.94), and anxiety (p = 0.66) between two groups before the intervention. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of depression (P<0.001), stress (p = 0.003), and anxiety (p <0.001) between two groups after the intervention.

Sound Heart Model- based spiritual counseling reduced the severity of depression and stress in parents and prevented the increase of anxiety in them.

Uterus is one of the most important organs of a woman which purifies the blood and carries a fetus and its function is related to the main organs like the brain, heart, liver, kidneys, and stomach. Uterine distemperaments are among the most important diseases of this organ and various symptoms are mentioned for them in Persian medicine (PM). Accordingly, the evaluation of these symptoms will help the diagnosis and treatment of different types of disorders related to the female reproductive system.

This concept analysis qualitative study was conducted to collect and classify the symptoms of uterine distemperaments using a hybrid method and included theoretical, fieldwork, and analysis phases. In the theoretical phase, the resources of PM were reviewed, followed by interviewing the experts of PM and patients with uterine distemperament in the fieldwork phase. Finally, the guidelines were provided for diagnosing uterine warm and cold distemperaments.

The signs and symptoms of uterine distemperaments were classified into 5 general categories including menstrual blood characteristics (i.e., volume, consistency, color, smell, temperature, and outgoing speed), uterine discharges, pubic hair characteristics, other characteristics related to the female reproductive system, and the general symptoms. Eventually, the most important concepts were converted to a guideline of “Major and Minor Diagnostic Criteria for Uterine distemperaments”.

In general, the recognition of the symptoms of uterine distemperaments facilitates the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of different types of gynecologic disorders. The results of the current study can be an appropriate basis for designing and standardizing diagnostic tools for uterine distemperaments and related diseases.

 Rapid repair of skin donor sites in partial-thickness skin grafts in burn is critical to the patient. Severe pain during dressing change and scarring also reduce the quality of life and treatment. Recently, nano-silver particles are available which have a high surface to volume ratio and remain effective even at a very low concentration and minimize the chance for tissue toxicity due to silver. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the effect of nano-silver dressings on increasing the rate of repair and reduction of complications in non-infectious wounds of skin graft donor sites.

 This was comparison study that involved patients admitted to a single-center burn unit who required a skin graft donor site. 10 burn patients with thermal injury and 10-30% of total body surface area (TBSA) who referred to Shahid Motahari Hospital, Tehran, in 2016 were studied. Each patient was compared to herself. After anesthesia, the site of the skin graft was randomly divided into three sections in each patient and was covered with Agicoat®, Mepitel and vaseline gauze. On the 4th and 8th of the day, the pain was recorded during the dressing change on the basis of the visual analogue scale (VAS). After 6 months, the patients were evaluated for the remainder of the scars based on VSS (Vancouver scar scale).

 The mean time to repair in both groups were similar and significantly shorter than that of vaseline (P=0.005). The pain comparison between groups showed that on the fourth day, the mean pain in the Agicoat group and Mepitel was significantly less than the Vaseline group (P=0.004). Also, the mean pain of the epileptic group was significantly lower than that of the Vaseline group (0.002). However, there was no significant difference between the duration of regeneration and pain between the two groups of Agicoat and Mepitel, but there was no significant difference between the mean pain on the 8th day and the mean VAS 6 months after the graft.

 Agicoat dressing has been effective in reducing pain and increasing the repair speed, but this effect was similar to that of the silver-free Mepitel dressing. Expensive silver nano-crystal dressings limit their use. The silver nanocrystal did not have much effect on improving the remaining scar. However, more studies are needed in this regard.

One of the most important parasitic diseases in human is cystic echinococcosis (CE) which is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The disease is a health problem in the Middle East countries such as Iran. The aim of this study was seroepidemiological evaluation of human CE using antigen B by ELISA technique in patients referred to Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran. A total of 909 serum samples were randomly prepared in the central laboratory. Antigen B was extracted from sheep hydatid cyst fluid (HCF). All serum samples were evaluated by indirect ELISA and the suspected cases were rechecked. Demographic characteristics were collected by a questionnaire and cut-off was calculated as X±2SD. In the present study, 0.8% of the collected samples were seropositive by ELISA technique. Of the 909 participants, 498 (with 1% positive response) and 411 (with 0.49% positive response) were female and male, respectively. The majority of the cases were the employee and retired military personnel (with 1.05% positive response). The most frequent age ranges were 50-59 and 70-79 with 28.57% positive response in each and in participants with academic education (85.72%). There was no statistically significant association between hydatid cyst and variables evaluated in this study. Our results showed a low seroprevalence of human CE. It may be related to the lifestyle of people following the improvement in public health specially in urban communities.

Regarding this, the present study was conducted to identify the effective factors on sleep satisfaction and chronobiology among rural adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 adults how living in 31 rural areas of Fariman city, Iran, selected through stratified sampling technique. The sample size was calculated using a conservative approach with the assumption of sleep disorder prevalence of 50% and confidence interval of 95%. The sampling in each rural area was performed through systematic sampling using the household records. Data collection was accomplished by means of a researcher-made questionnaire. Validity of this questionnaire were confirmed by two Neurologist and one Social medicine specialist. Reliability were calculated by Cronbach 0.65. Data were assumed and analyzed by SPSS 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). We used Chi-Square and Exect Fisher test for analysis and P-value≤0.05 was significant. According to the results, 264 (68.8%) subjects were female. The mean age of the female and male participants were 36.63±15.20 and 43.63±17.49 years, respectively. Furthermore, 75.1% of the subjects expressed that they easily fell asleep at night. However, for 73.4% of the participants, it took 30 min to fall asleep. People who had a midday nap felt more satisfied with their sleep (P-value<0.001). Sleep disorder is a predisposing factor for social problems and a threat to physical and mental health. Consequently, it is essential to adopt some plans facilitating the individuals to regularly evaluate their sleep status as a health component and try to improve the quality of their sleep.

Mass gathering has not received much attention of researches as one of the potentially traumatic events in the field of psychological studies. Mina (Mecca, Saudi Arabia) disaster during 2015 hajj occurred in this context. Individuals may be at risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and somatic symptoms following traumatic events. Narrative exposure therapy (NET (has been known as a therapeutic protocol for PTSD and trauma-related disorders. The present study was carried out aimed to investigate the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms and the co-morbid symptoms of Iranian survivors of Mina disaster. The present study is based on single-case experimental design (SCED) with baseline. Eight Survivors of Mina disaster who met the criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder and completed inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two groups NET and control. The experimental group participant received twelve NET sessions individually. Data collection tool included PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II), patient health questionnaire 15 (PHQ-15). Data was analyzed using the cut-off point, percentage improvement index, RCI and the Hedges' g effect size. Total percentage improvement of participant receiving NET for PTSD, was 68.25%, depression 63.25%, and somatic symptoms was 53.75%. All changes in the participant receiving NET were clinically significant in severity of PTSD, depression and somatic symptoms (RCI≥1.96). According to the results of this study, NET has a significant effect on the reduction of PTSD symptoms and its co-morbid symptoms

Burns is a major health problem due to severe side effects and limited financial resources. Some herbs are cheap and available, such as Arnebia euchroma can be effective treatment of burn wounds and reduce recovery time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Arnebia euchroma ointment on healing of deep second-degree burn wound in rats.
This experimental study was conducted in animal laboratory of Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital in 2015, Tehran. In this study 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 300 to 350 g were selected. After general anesthesia, back of each rat was shaved with clipping device. Then second-degree burn with the area of 2×4 cm was induced on them. Rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, 12 in each. The surface of the wound in the first group was covered with Arnebia euchroma ointment and in the second group with Vaseline. Dressing was done daily until complete recovery and the wound healing process was monitored by photographing every five days. On day 20, the samples were sent for pathological evaluation of the amount of collagen and inflammatory cells.
Results showed that, during days from 5 to 15 the extent of the wounds reduced in both groups (P= 0.000). The reduction of wound size was significantly higher in Vaseline group compared to Arnebia euchroma ointment group (P= 0.040). The results of the pathological examination showed no significant difference in the amount of collagen and inflammatory cells in the two groups.
It seems Arnebia euchroma ointment to some extent reduced the extent of the wound especially in superficial burns compared to other dressings. However, it is better to conduct more similar studies with a larger sample size and different method and change in timing of dressing.

Currently, there are no well-defined guidelines or criteria for catheter-site care in burn patients, and there is little information about the epidemiology of central vein catheter (CVC) infection in such patients. This study aimed at addressing the epidemiological aspect of CVC infection in a sample of Iranian burn patients admitted to the largest referral burn center in Iran, Motahari Burn Center.
A total of 191 burn patients were eligible for the study. Catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) was diagnosed according to suspected line infection, sepsis or blood culture growing bacteria, which could not have been associated with another site.
Of the 191 patients in this study, 45 males (23.68%) and 19 females (10%) had positive blood culture, confirming CV line infection. Patients who were burned by gas, gasoline ignition or burning Kerosene had the highest incidence of CV line infection. In contrast, patients burned by alcohol, pitch or thinner had the lower rate of CV line infection. Incidence of CV line infection was higher in patients with delay in presentation to the burn center (55.2%) when compared to those who presented without delay (22.8%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent colonizer of the wound culture (52.4%), the dominant strain of the first catheter tip culture (35%) and the dominant strain of the same day blood samples (53.8%). The mortality rate in patients diagnosed with CRBI was 21.9%.
One of the important factors related to CV line infection is delay inpresentation to the burn center. The rate of CV line infection was 20.64 in catheter days.

Acute and chronic wound healing has always been problematic. Stem cells with or without the scaffold carrying these cells have been proposed as new methods in the treatment of wounds. In this case study we have tried to examine the effect of scaffold made of polyether sulfone (PES) alone, with stem cells and along with stem cell and growth factor on wound healing in rats.
This experimental study was conducted in Animal Laboratory of Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital in 2012. In this study, 48 rats were randomly divided into four groups. A wound created on the back of each rat at the size of 3×3 cm. The surface of the wound in the first group is covered with PES seeded with adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) and growth factor (GF), in the second group with polyether Sulfone seeded with ASC, in the third group only with PEWS, and in the fourth group (control) with Vaseline gauze. On 20th and 35th days, the surface of the wound was assessed by photography in order to understand the process of healing. In addition, on days 20 and 45, the histopathology characteristics of the samples were studied with a biopsy of the wounds.
The Results of wound healing in the control group was better than the other groups and its statistical difference between others was meaningful. (P=0.008, P=0.013, P=0.001) On day 20, by examining histopathological characteristics including epithelialization, the number of inflammatory cells, the amount of angiogenesis and collagen synthesis in control group, we gained better results. (P=0.000), But on day 45, the results in different parameters were not equal.
polyether sulfone scaffold alone or with adipose-derived stem cells couldn’t improve the process of wound healing. Also adding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) did not change the results significantly.

Burn is among the problems, which leads to numerous health and financial side effects for the patients and their families. The high costs of new dressings and burn rehabilitation have resulted in the increased tendency of researchers toward using complementary therapies and cost-effective ingredients such as honey with natural origin. Regarding this, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of topical use of honey and Nitrofurazone ointment on superficial second-degree burn healing.
This clinical trial was conducted on 50 patients with superficial second-degree burns referring to Yaftabad Hospital, Tehran, Iran, during 2013-2015. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method, and then randomly assigned into two groups. The wounds were dressed daily until complete wound healing, with organic honey in one group and Nitrofurazone ointment and sterile gauze in the other group. For the purpose of the study, the two groups were compared in terms of such factors as pain intensity (for the first week), antibacterial activity (for the first week), histopathological parameters (14 days later), wound healing, and wound scar (6-12 months later). The comparisons were made through the visual analogue scale, laboratory culture results, pathologist’s ratings, daily photographs, and Vancouver Scar Scale, respectively. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 21 by the t-test and Chi-square test.
According to the results, the patients’ pain intensity gradually decreased in both groups of honey (P0.05). Furthermore, the two groups showed no significant differences in terms of the epithelialization rate (P=0.52), inflammatory cells (P=0.71), vascularization (P=0.79), repair duration (P=0.43), and scar score (P=0.28).
As the findings of the present study indicated, honey and Nitrofurazoneon had comparable effects on the healing of second-degree burns (i.e., partial thickness) with less extended area. However, further studies are needed for the replacement of Nitrofurazone with honey.

Incidence of hospital-acquired diarrhea has increased rapidly and burn patients are at high risk of getting it. Infection with C. difficile is the most common cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea. The aim of this study was to determine the baseline characteristics and clinical presentation of hospital-acquired diarrhea and compare C. difficile and non-C. difficile diarrhea in burn patients treated at a burn center. During a 1-year study all patients with hospital-acquired diarrhea at Motahari Burn Hospital, Teh- ran, Iran enrolled in this study. We compared patients with a stool sample positive for C. difficile toxin or tracing the antigen in patients who were negative for detection of toxin in their stool sample specimens. Diarrhea developed in 37 patients out of 3200 admitted patients with a mean burn size of 34.8 ±20.1%. Among them, 8 patients had a positive result for C. difficile. The mean time between antibiotic therapy and occurrence of diarrhea was 9.5 ± 6.2 days. Nine (23.7%) patients died in the 7.8± 4.2 days, mostly due to co-morbidities. The mean duration of di- arrhea was 3.6 ± 2 days. Twenty two (57.9%) patients were treated with oral metronidazol and eleven (28.9%) patients were treated with combination of metronidazole and vancomycin, higher rate of combination therapy was seen in Clostridium difficile CDI. Overall, the prevalence of hospital-acquired diarrhea was 120/10,000 and 21% of them caused by infection with C. difficile. Presence of peripheral leukocytosis and colitis were the alarm sign for diagnosis of C. difficile infection.

Hydrocortisone is widely used in septic shock cases resistant to fluid and vasopressor therapy. It may result in increased blood pressure and survival. However the efficacy is no established among patients with severe burn and septic shock. Accordingly it was assessed in this study. The patients older than 14 years of age with resistant septic shock were enrolled during one-year period. The hydrocortisone was prescribed 100 mg three times per day and the alterations in systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded. Twenty-nine patients were enrolled including 19 men and 10 women. The mean age was 37 ± 19 years and the mean burn surface area was 60 ± 20. Fourteen patients had positive blood culture. The most common isolated microorganism were Pseudomonas aeuroginosa in 34.6%(10 cases), and then Acinetobacter in 13.8%(4 cases). The infection was from wound in 79% and the remaining 21% had pneumonia. Twenty-one patients had good response to hydrocortisone and the increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures was significant; but the mortality rate was similar. Treatment with hydrocortisone would result in increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in burn patients with resistant septic shock.

Coriander with the binominal name of Corianda Sativum, is one of the oldest medicinal plants ever known to man. Anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-fungal effects of its oil has been mentioned in numerous studies. This study examines the impact of coriander cream on wound healing of the second-degree singe burn. In this experimental study which was performed in the animal lab of the Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital in Tehran, 48 adult male rats with an approximate weight of 250-300 grams, with deep burns of 2 cm 4×2 dimensions were prepared and divided into 4 groups of 12. We used silver sulfadiazine cream, alpha ointment, coriander cream and vaseline gauze (control group) dressings in burn wound of the groups 1 to 4 respectively. At the end of the study (30 days), rats were euthanized with a high dose of thiopental and the wounds were evaluated on days 10 and 17 with a punch biopsy. Samples were fixed with 10% formalin on histopathology slide using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (to assess and determine the presence of inflammatory cells). The amount of fibrin and collagen at the site were evaluated using a software program ImageJ, version 1.45 (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA). The mean of wound surface area in the first photography was no significant (P= 0. 135). The rate of wound healing in alpha ointment and coriander cream had better outcomes than either of the other two groups (P= 0.000). The healing of the wound in silver sulfadiazine group was significantly less than other groups. Pathology results showed a statistically significant difference between the four groups (coriander, alpha, SSD and control), based on the Kruskal-Wallis test. These relate to (1) polymorphonuclear in the first (P= 0.032) and the second series (P= 0.003), (2) Angiogenesis in the second series (P= 0.004). (3) Fibrosis in the first series (P= 0.024) and the second series (P= 0.000). The results of this study showed that wound healing improvement in coriander cream group was better than the control group and silver sulfadiazine group; and similar to alpha ointment group.

Wound healing is widely discussed in the medical literature. This study compared the healing effect of aloe vera extract and silver sulfadiazine in burn injuries in experimental rat model. Sixteen rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups, each group 8 rats. A deep second-degree burn on the lower back and 3rd degree burn on upper back of each rat were created with a standard burning procedure. Burns were dressed daily with aloe vera extract in group 2 and silver sulfadiazine in group 1. Response to treatment was assessed by digital photography during treatment until day 32. Histological parameters (PMN, epithelialization, fibrosis and angiogenesis) were assessed after biopsy of scar at the end of research. Wound healing was more visible in aloe vera group. Also the speed of healing in aloe vera group was better than silver sulfadiazine group. Based on our findings, aloe vera can be a therapy of choice for burn injuries.

Burn injuries are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world and burn patients have higher chances for infection due to their decreased immune resistance. Levamisole, as an immunomodulation agent, stimulates the immune response against infection. This randomized clinical trial was conducted in Motahari Burn Center, Tehran, Iran. Patients who had second- or third-degree burn with involvement of more than 50% of total body surface area (TBSA) were studied. The levamisole group received levamisole tablet, 100 mg per day. Meantime, both the levamisole and control groups received the standard therapy of the Burn Center, based on a standard protocol. Then, the outcome of the patients was evaluated. 237 patients entered the study. After excluding 42 patients with inhalation injury, electrical and chemical burns, and the patients who died in the first 72 h, 195 patients remained in the study, including 110 patients in the control group and 85 in the treatment group. The mean age of all patients (between 13 to 64 years) was 33.29 ± 11.39 years (Mean ± SD), and it was 33.86 ± 11.45 years in the control group and 32.57 ± 11.32 years in the treatment group. The mean percentage of TBSA burn was 64.50 ± 14.34 and 68.58 ± 14.55 for the levamisole and control groups, respectively, with the range of 50-100% and 50-95% TBSA. The mortality rate was 68 (61.8%) patients in the control group and 50 (58.8%) patients in the treatment group (P = 0.8). According to this study, there was no significant relationship between improvement of mortality and levamisole consumption.