mojdeh sabour

In an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedure, sperm must be immobilized due to its manipulation; therefore, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) has been used for this purpose. Based on many studies, fertilization rates may be reduced by incubation of sperm in PVP as it changes sperm mitochondria, nucleus, and membrane structures. Since PVP is used widely in infertility centers, it is noteworthy to investigate the side effects of this agent. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of this component on chromatin quality with acridine orange (AO) staining, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and BAX, BCL2, HSP70 (HSPA2), and SOD2 genes expression in different time intervals (0, 15, 30, and 60 minutes). In this research, 25 normal sperm specimens were applied after preparation with the swim-up method. Results showed that incubation of sperm in PVP for 15, 30, and 60 min significantly increased MDA levels and AO percentage rate compared to unexposed spermatozoa to PVP. Furthermore, the expression of BAX, BCL2, HSP70, and SOD2 genes were altered after incubation in a PVP medium at different time intervals. Incubation of sperm in PVP significantly increased the adverse effects after 15 min. Therefore, sperm should not be exposed to PVP for more than 15 minutes during the ICSI procedure. Altogether, results showed that incubation of sperm in a PVP medium during an ICSI procedure for more than 15 min may result in significant changes in the biological features of sperm. Therefore, expediting the ICSI procedure could mitigate the potential adverse effects of PVP on sperm parameters.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of total serum E2 on the day of human chronic gonadotropin (hCG) administration and the serum E2 per oocyte ratio on the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles.

A total of 205 women were categorized into 3 groups according to the serum E2 levels: 1: ≤1500 pg/ml; 2: 1500-3000 pg/ml; 3: >3000 pg/ml. Another categorization included 3 groups according to E2/oocyte ratio: A: ≤150 pg/ml per oocyte; B: 150-200 pg/ml per oocyte; and C: >200 pg/ml per oocyte. The outcome compared between groups included laboratory and clinical characteristics. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis, and multiple logistic regression model were performed, and appropriate differences were considered significant at p<0.05.

There was a significant difference between the groups based on the E2 levels with respect to laboratory parameters. In group C, the rates of chemical pregnancy (54.1%), clinical pregnancy (50%) and live birth (45.8%) were significantly higher, when compared to other groups. Moreover, according to E2/oocyte ratio, the rate of live birth was higher in group C compared with group A (18.3%, p=0.04), and group C (29.7%, p<0.0001). Logistic regression showed the number of good quality embryos was a positive predictor for live birth (odds ratio=2.03, 95% CI=1-4.1), but the level of E2 on day of HCG was a negative predictor (odds ratio=0.99, 95% CI=0.99-1).

Supraphysiological levels of E2 had no adverse effects on the quality of the embryos in IVF cycles, but may have adverse effect on live birth in fresh transfer. Also, it is confirmed that both the pregnancy and live birth rates were elevated with E2/oocyte ratio ≥200 pg/ml.

Methamphetamine (MA) was shown to have harmful effects on malereproductive system.

To investigate probable effects of daily administration of MA on spermparameters and chromatin/DNA integrity in mouse.
Material and

Thirty-five NMRI male mice were divided into five groupsincluding low, medium, and high dosage groups which were injectedintraperitoneally with 4, 8 and 15 mg/kg/day for 35 days, respectively. Normalsaline was injected in sham group and no medications were used in control group.Then, the mice were killed and caudal epididymis of each animal was cut and placedin Ham’s F10 medium for sperm retrieval. To evaluate sperm chromatinabnormalities, the aniline blue, toluidine blue and chromomycine A3 were used. Forsperm DNA integrity and apoptosis, the acridine orange, sperm chromatindispersion, and TUNEL assay were applied. For sperm morphology, Papanicolaoustaining was done

Normal morphology and progressive motility of spermatozoa decreased inmedium and high dosage groups in comparison with the control group (p=0.035).There was a significant increase in rate of aniline blue, toluidine blue, andchromomycine A3 positive spermatozoa in high dosage group. In a similar manner,there was an increase in rates of acridine orange, TUNEL and sperm chromatindispersion positive sperm cells in high dosage group with respect to others.

MA abuse in a dose-dependent manner could have detrimental effectson male reproductive indices including sperm parameters and spermchromatin/DNA integrity in mice.