فهرست مطالب mojtaba azmoun

Urban heat islands (UHIs) are a growing concern in metropolitan areas, leading to temperature differences between urban centers and surrounding areas due to various ecological, morphological, topographical, and demographic factors. Major Iranian cities have undergone rapid land-use transformations and expanding urbanization, facing the challenge of UHIs.

  This study investigates UHIs in Tabriz, focusing on District 1, Neighborhood 1 as the first area and District 6, Neighborhood 4 as the second area. The study employed Landsat 8 remote sensing images to analyze UHIs in Tabriz, Iran. The images were acquired for the summer season, representing the period of maximum UHI intensity. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated to assess vegetation cover, while land surface temperature (LST) was derived using the single-channel algorithm. Morphological indicators were extracted from OpenStreetMap data.Findings and

The study aims to extract, locate, and analyze UHIs in the study area using specific formulas and prepare relevant maps, focusing on ecological and morphological indicators. The minimum and maximum temperatures in District 1 were 15.88°C and 37.65°C, respectively, while in District 6, they were 24.11°C and 40.87°C. Analyzing the extracted maps based on the selected ecological indicators (vegetation cover, wind, solar radiation, and elevation) and morphological indicators (building height, building density, building façade, and building roofs) in both districts, we concluded that District 1 is cooler due to several factors: higher elevation, better reception of prevailing northeastern winds, more suitable street orientations, lower building heights (mostly one-story), and a higher prevalence of reflective roofs compared to District 6. Although District 6 has better vegetation cover and lower building density.

In today's society, the urban heat island is considered as one of the most important emerging natural hazards. It is in the form of a difference in the surface temperature of urban areas compared to the surrounding areas due to various ecological, morphological and topographical reasons. This research investigated the thermal islands of Tabriz city, as one of the most important population and industrial centers of Iran, in its 8th region as a case study, using Landsat 8 images. The objectives of this research included extracting, locating and analyzing the phenomenon of urban heat islands in the study area by using specific algorithms and preparing relevant maps and checking with the type of materials used, identifying two hot heat islands in the center and west with a temperature of 33.48 degrees Celsius and one island It followed a cold temperature in the north of the region with a temperature of 20.02 degrees Celsius. In the following, the influential indicators in the heat islands of the urban land were evaluated in the study area. According to the review of key and referenced articles and the review of other sources and authoritative books, in this study, the factors affecting the urban heat island are divided into two categories of uncontrollable climatic factors, controllable factors of urbanization and city construction, and factors related to and influenced by urbanization. which consists of: 1- Uncontrollable climatic factors: these factors include solar radiation, speed and intensity and direction of wind, height above sea level, direction of slope, vegetation cover, green space per capita and proximity to large bodies of water such as rivers and the sea. 2-Controllable factors of urban development and city construction and affected by urban development: which include street width, building height, building orientation, building occupation level, building density, building facade, building roof and open space per capita. The amount of positive or negative effects of the mentioned factors on urban heat islands requires a comprehensive investigation of the factors through field visits. Now, in this research, after examining the influencing indicators and determining the heat islands, the impact of surface materials as one of the effective components on urban heat islands compared to other components is comprehensively evaluated. After analyzing the 15 main factors determined for the 8th area of ​​Tabriz and field observations of the main materials used in the area, which were mostly cement and clay, and determining the albedo, thermal radiation emission rate, heat capacity and solar reflectance of the colors in the area, we came to the conclusion that with More or less the entire region is one of the most effective indicators of heat islands, the main difference in urban temperature difference can be seen in the type of pavement materials used and its color in the designated heat islands. Where the cold thermal island i.e. the covered market of Tabriz, despite the almost identical conditions with the existing heating islands in most of the determined indicators, the main difference was in the new paving materials that marble and light reflective materials were used. Therefore, urban shell materials play the most important role in reducing heat intake, storage and transfer to the urban environment. Finally, practical solutions have been presented in connection with the use of cool materials in the construction of designated thermal islands in District 8 of Tabriz city.

The accurate locating and design of industrial areas can be considered a robust step taken to improve the environment, develop industries, and accurate and logical growth of urban and rural areas. In this research, the number of pollutants is measured during the 30 days of November 2023 to examine and analyze the impact of industrial uses of Tabriz City on its air pollution, and its location and placement in Tabriz have increased the air pollution indicators. The mentioned indicators are revised and examined based on the collected data and available data of research through Geographic Information System (GIS) and using library and analytical methods such as the IDW method.

the variables examined in this study included pollutants and their types over the 30 days of November 2022 in Tabriz Metropolis, which is done through library and data collection methods. Carbon monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and (PM10), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), and Ozon were collected based on the point method in Kajvar, Hakim Nezami, Azerbaijan Square, Hotel Marmar, Namaz Square, Rah Ahan, Bagheshmal, Abresan, and Behdasht Stations. These data are prepared and expressed as pollutant distribution maps for each pollutant in the form of descriptive maps through ARC GIS software based on the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method.

The results show that the location of industrial areas in Tabriz does not affect the air pollution rate of Tabriz, and has no negative effect on increasing air pollution in Tabriz.