mojtaba nikdoosti

Examining and clarifying the legal and jurisprudential position of ownership and property rights and laying the groundwork for removing deficiencies, defects and supplementing existing laws and finally, expanding economic security, as well as determining and explaining the permissible and correct territory of expropriation or limitation of ownership by the legitimate religious government And the Shari'i expression of prescribing such an action by the Islamic government and clarifying the goals that cause the political system to ignore the privacy and scope of ownership of individuals for their sake and deprive them of ownership; There are cases that are necessary to examine in Iran's legal system; The cases of confiscation or limitation of ownership of individuals in Iran's relevant laws and regulations are articles 6, 9 and 22 of the Urban Land Law approved in 1366 and the Law on Cancellation of Ownership of Urban Lands and its Construction Quality approved in 1358, as well as cases such as building density, construction permits, which It is in conflict with principles 46 and 47 of the constitution; On the other hand, principles 45 and 40 state a basis for limiting ownership. Now with this description; what are the jurisprudential and legal bases of depriving and limiting the ownership of urban lands (within the limits and boundaries of cities)? To answer this important and fundamental question; First, we will describe and explain the concept of expropriation, and then we will examine and analyze the legal bases and reasons for prescribing this action by the government. Legal bases of confiscation and limitation of ownership of urban lands by the government; There are things such as the special powers of the absolute jurisprudence of the jurist, the obligation to respect and honor private property to comply with legal regulations, the prohibition of harming others in the exercise of property rights, and the necessity of observing Islamic standards in financial and economic affairs; Objectives of expropriation and limitation of ownership of urban lands by the government; Things like performing public services, preventing harm to others, and punishing and fining offenders (financial penalty).

The medical staff can be divided into two groups: physicians or surgeons and other medical staff or non-medical staff. Physician or surgeon; The main task is to treat the patient and other medical staff act on their orders and under their supervision. The responsibility of the medical staff falls into two general groups: criminal liability, which covers most of the criminal aspects of the case, and civil liability, which is followed by compensation and financial compensation.The set of rules and regulations of all countries gives the patient the right to sue in connection with their health care, and as a result of this hearing, if it is proven that the patient's right has been revoked or he has suffered material and moral damage. And has suffered injuries, the importer of the loss is responsible for compensating all damages.In the Iranian legal system, the pillars of fulfilling the civil liability of the medical complex are: the occurrence of medical and therapeutic errors; Damage to the patient; Establishing the causal relationship between the error and the occurrence of damage.The Iranian legislature has paid attention to the loss of the chance of treatment and has referred to it in paragraph "f" of Article 18 of the Law on Medical and Pharmaceutical Affairs and Food and Beverage.

The acceptance of man as a creature with a "will" is endorsed by all educational and legal systems, although the same intellectual and ideological foundations do not support this agreement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concept of will and its consequences in the educational and legal systems of Iran and England. The research method is qualitatively comparative using document and content analysis methods for collecting and analyzing data. The research findings showed that there are similarities between the educational and legal systems of Iran and England in terms of accepting the idea that "human beings have a will". Another finding of the study revealed that in Iran, religious will prevails over individual and social will, and in England, individual will prevails over social and religious will. The research findings also indicated the dominance of "Islamic ideology" in Iran and "ideology of liberalism" in England over the concept of will in both educational and legal systems. In addition, the findings showed that when the concept of will enters the behavioral domains, it can make a difference in the performance of both educational and legal systems.