فهرست مطالب mojtaba shadman

To clarify the effect of γδ T cells and invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells in pathophysiology of dyspeptic disorders, number of these two cells in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastric cancer (GC) were compared. Patients with dyspepsia were divided into three groups of NUD, PUD, and GC according to their endoscopic and histopathological examinations. Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed by rapid urease test and histopathology. The number of peripheral blood CD3+TCRgd+ T cells and CD3+Va24Ja18+ iNKT cells were determined by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was also used for identifying the TCRgd+ cells. Forty two patients with NUD (31.6%), 44 with PUD (33.1%), and 47 with GC (35.3%) were included in the study. The frequency of CD3+TCRgd+T cells in peripheral blood of patients with GC (2.71±0.25) was significantly lower than that in NUD (3.97±0.32, p<0.05) and PUD groups (3.87±0.32, p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in CD3+TCRgd+T cell percentage between the NUD and PUD groups. The frequency of TCRgd+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in tissue samples from patients with GC (4.81±0.53) than in NUD (11.09±1.09, p<0.0001) and PUD groups (11.11±1.01, p<0.0001). Also, we could not find any significant difference in the percentage of mucosal TCRgd+ cells between the NUD and PUD groups. The results showed no significant difference in iNKT cells percentage among the three groups of patients. The results suggest that decreasing number of γδ T cells may be related to development and progression of gastric cancer.

Background and The aim of this study was to compare the proportion of natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT)-like cells in dyspeptic disorders caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). In a case-control study, 27 patients with gastric cancer (GC), 25 patients with peptic ulcer (PUD), and 22 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) were enrolled. After endoscopic diagnosis, the proportions of NK cells subsets (CD3-CD56+ and CD3-CD16+), as well as NKT-like cells (CD3+CD56+) in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytometry. The frequency of CD8+ and CD8– NK cell subsets were also determined. H. pylori infection was confirmed in all study subjects using the rapid urease test and histopathology. The frequencies of CD3-CD16+ NK, CD3-CD56+ NK, and CD3+CD56+ NKT-like cells in patients with gastric cancer infected by H. pylori were significantly lower than those in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (P < 0.001, P = 0.050, and P = 0.020, respectively). However, these cell populations showed no significant difference between the PUD and NUD groups. Further analysis showed that high numbers of CD8– NK cells in the blood were CD56+ and CD16+ phenotypes. This study showed decreased numbers of NK and NKT-like cell populations in patients with gastric cancer compared to those with non-ulcer dyspepsia. It is thus suggested that these cells may limit the prolonged inflammation by H. pylori, which, in turn, reduce the risk of gastric cancer.

Cupping therapy is one of the traditional medicine methods to restore and revive balance in blood elements. History of Using of different methods of cupping therapy is thousands of years ago، that are rooted in science، culture and religion in different countries. Continued use of this method during centuries relies on the past experiences and advice of religious leaders and clinical importance of cupping therapy in personal health has been reported. In recent years، role of cupping therapy in the regulating immune system and inflammatory processes has been considered and appears to play a role in modulation of immune system. This article reviews the Cupping therapy as a traditional treatment with special look to its effects on immune system.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that expands during cancer، inflammation and infection، and together with regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a remarkable ability to suppress immune responses. The phenotype of MDSCs differs in humans and mice، and the exact mechanisms of their suppressive function are still controversially discussed. Limited data are available on MDSC in humans. Suppressor activity has been associated with high arginase 1 and iNOS activity as well as ROS production by MDSC. MDSCs regulate both acquired and innate immunity by direct or indirect pathways. In this Review، we discuss the origin، mechanisms of expansion and suppressive functions of MDSCs، as well as the potential to target these cells for therapeutic benefit.