فهرست مطالب mojtaba zokaie
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مقدمه
بررسی حوادث رخ داده در صنایع نشان داده که عوامل مختلفی بر وقوع حوادث تاثیرگذار می باشد. لذا هدف از این مطالعه بررسی ارتباط شیوع حوادث شغلی با فاکتورهای فردی و شغلی در محیط کار صنایع استان قم می باشد.
روش بررسیاین مطالعه توصیفی براساس حوادث ثبت شده در اداره بازرسی کار استان قم در سال 1396انجام گردید. تمام پرونده ها انتخاب و باتوجه به ثبت دقیق حوادث 1048 مورد پرونده بررسی گردید. پارامترهای لازم از فرم های گزارش حوادث استخراج و فراوانی و درصد فراوانی آنها توسط نرم افزار18 SPSSآنالیز گردید.
یافته هابیشترین آمار حوادث در رنج سنی 30-20 سال با سابقه کار کمتر از 5 سال بود. کمترین آمار حوادث مربوط به مقاطع تحصیلی لیسانس و بالاتر بود. علاوه براین آمار بالایی از افراد حادثه دیده (5/41 %) در فعالیت های ساختمانی و عمران فعالیت داشتند. دربررسی جمعیت کارگری بیشترین آمار حوادث مربوط به کارگاه هایی با تعداد پرسنل 10-24 نفر می باشد. در بررسی علل حوادث 2/33 % حوادث ناشی از عدم آموزش ایمنی و2/24 % عدم رویه کاری ایمن شناخته شد. در گروه علل تجهیزات بیشترین سهم حوادث به علت عدم وجود تجهیزات مناسب و در رابطه با علل انسانی عدم توقف دستگاه هنگام تعمیر دلیل اصلی حادثه شناخته شد.
نتیجه گیرینتایح مطالعه حاضر نشان داد در وقوع حوادث صنعتی فاکتورهای دموگرافیک و شغلی از جمله سن، سابقه کار ، و نوع صنعت اهمیت بسزایی دارند. علاوه براین مشخص گردید علل مدیریتی، تجهیزاتی و انسانی هر کدام نقش موثری در وقوع حوادث دارند که می توان با نظارت بیشتران مدیران و جذب مسیول ایمنی و بهداشت و در نهایت رعایت اصول ایمنی در تمام زمینه های کاری نرخ حوادث را به میزان چشمگیری کاهش داد.
کلید واژگان: فراوانی حوادث, فاکتورهای فردی و شغلی, علل حوادث}IntroductionInvestigations of accidents in industry have shown that various factors affect the occurrence of accidents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of occupational accidents with individual and occupational factors in the industrial work environment of Qom province.
MethodsThis descriptive study was performed based on the incidents registered in the Labor Inspection Office of Qom Province in 2017. All cases were selected and 1048 cases were reviewed according to the accurate registration of incidents. Necessary parameters were extracted from accident reporting forms and their frequency and frequency percentage were analyzed by SPSS 18 software.
ResultsThe highest number of accidents was in the age range of 20-30 years with less than 5 years of work experience. The lowest number of accidents was related to bachelor's degree and higher. In addition, a high number of victims (41.5%) were involved in construction activities. In the study of the working population, the highest number of accidents was related to workshops with a staff number of 10-24. In investigating the causes of accidents, 33.2% of accidents were identified as lack of safety training and 24.2% as lack of safe work procedures. In the group of equipment causes, the highest share of accidents was due to the lack of proper equipment and in relation to human causes, the main reason for the accident was the non-stopping of the device during repair.
ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that demographic and occupational factors, such as age, work experience, and type of industry were very important in the occurrence of industrial accidents. In addition, it was found that managerial, equipment and human causes each have an effective role in the occurrence of accidents, which can be significantly reduced using more supervision by managers and recruiting safety and health officials, and finally observing safety principles in all areas of work.
Keywords: Accident Frequency, Individual, Occupational Factors, Causes of Accidents} -
Background
Analysis of accident data based on social and economic factors can be useful in determining injury patterns and establishing operational policies to improve safety and health. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of socio-economic factors in accidents.
MethodsThis descriptive-analytical study was conducted based on information obtained from the Labor Inspection Office of Qom Province in 2017. In this study, the required information was extracted from recorded accident forms of 1048 accident cases occurred among victims who were over 18 years old. In this study, the dependent variables include the outcome of accidents divided into two groups of accidents leading to death and injury. Data were analyzed using Stata Software version 23 (Stat Crop. USA).
ResultsBased on the results, the presence of a safety officer in the industry reduced the risk of accidents leading to injury (AOR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.72-0.91, P<0.05), people who had received safety training were 0.0009 times less likely to experience accidents leading to injury compared to the other group (AOR = 0.009, 95% CI: 0.0-0.16. P<0.05), and people with undergraduate education were 1.98 times more likely to experience accidents leading to injury (AOR = 0.009, 95% CI: 1.25-2.2. P<0.05). It was further found that people who have experienced the accident beforehand are less likely to have accidents leading to injury than the other group (AOR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.005-0.72. P<0.05).
ConclusionsTherefore, as indicated, many factors have domino effects on different social damages and problems. Accordingly, to lower accidents and modify workforce cul ture, multi-faceted strategies should be applied properly.
Keywords: Accident, Injury, Socio-economic factors, Occupational death} -
Most industrial accidents are due to unsafe behaviors in the workplace. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the role of individual factors on the consequence of accidents. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out based on data obtained from 1048 accidents registered in the Labor Inspection Office of one of the industrial provinces of Iran. In this study, individual factors were extracted from accident reporting forms and analyzed by SPSS software version 18. In the current study, the results showed that the least number of accidents was related to employee who had a bachelor degree or above. Of 95% reported fatalities were male and 73% of them were married. The results of statistical test showed that there is a significant relationship between outcome type and marital status (p <0.001). It was also found that the employees under 30 years old had the highest number of minor injuries and death. Fisher test showed a significant relationship between age and outcome (p <0.001). All minor, major injuries and death cases occurred among workers with less than 5 years of work experience. Also the workers with 25-30 years of work experience had the lowest percentage of accidents. The results of Chi-square test showed no significant relationship between outcome type and work experience (p <0.001). Individual factors such as gender, citizenship, age group, marital status, educational level, work experience and related work experience have an important role in the frequency and severity of accidents in industries.
Keywords: Individual Factors, Occupational Accidents, Consequence} -
با توسعه روزافزون استفاده از برق در تمامی جنبه های زندگی انسان، حوادث برقی نیز افزایش یافته است. یکی از مولفه های اصلی در مکانیزم پیشگیری از حوادث برقی، ارزیابی عملکرد ایمنی سازمان یا صنعت با استفاده از شاخص های ارزیابی عملکرد مناسب با عملیات مربوطه می باشد.
روش بررسیاین مطالعه، توصیفی-تحلیلی از نوع پیمایشی در 6 مرحله شامل : آنالیز ساختار شکست پروژه، آنالیز مقدماتی خطر عملیات، تشکیل شبکه علی حادثه، تعیین اقدامات کنترلی، استخراج شاخص های فعال ارزیابی عملکرد و اعتبارسنجی شاخص ها انجام گرفت.
یافته هادر این مطالعه نرخ احتمال وقوع حادثه برق گرفتگی با استفاده از روش BN 053/0 بدست آمد و 11 شاخص فعال ارزیابی عملکرد ایمنی برق تدوین گردید. میزان R- square ضریب فراوانی حادثه با شاخص های فعال کل پروژه 819/0 و مقدار P-value کمتر از 05/0 بود. بنابراین این نتایج نشان می دهد همبستگی بین ضریب فراوانی حوادث بعنوان متغیر وابسته و شاخص های فعال بعنوان متغیرهای مستقل در کل پروژه معنادار می باشد.
نتیجه گیریبا پیشرفت عملیات در پروژه های عمرانی، سطح ریسک عملیات در این پروژه ها تغییر می کند. بنابراین شاخص های اندازه گیری عملکرد ایمنی در این پروژه ها باید حساس به تغییرات سریع باشد. بنابراین شاخص های فعال که دارای دوره اندازه گیری کوتاه مدت می باشند جهت اندازه گیری سطح عملکرد ایمنی عملیات ساخت و ساز دارای اثربخشی بیشتر می باشند.
کلید واژگان: شبکه بیزی, Bow-tie, ایمنی برق, شاخص های ارزیابی عملکرد}BackgroundWith the developing use of electricity in all aspects of human life, electricity accidents have also increased. One of the main components of the for the prevention policy, is the safety performance assessment of the organization's or industry's by using appropriate performance indicators with related operations.
MethodThis study was a descriptive-analytical of 6 steps including: analysis of work Breakdown Structure of the project, preliminary hazard analysis of the operation, the establishing of the accident causal network, determination of control measures, extraction of active performance indicators and validation of the indicators.
ResultsIn this study, the probability of occurrence of electric shock was 0.053 calculated using the method of BN and 11 active performance indicators were developed. The R-square value of the incident frequency with the active indicators of the total project was 0.819 and P-value was less than 0.05. Therefore, these results indicate that the correlation between incident frequency as an associated variable and active indicators as independent variables in the whole project is significant.
ConclusionAs the project progresses, the nature and level of risk of the operation of construction projects is changing. Therefore, indicators of safety performance measurements in these projects should be sensitive to rapid changes. For this reason, active indicators with a short-term measurement period are more effective in measuring the safety performance of construction operations.
Keywords: Bayesian network, Bow-tie, Electrical Safety, Active performance indicators} -
مقدمهمیدان مغناطیسی از دسته آلاینده هایی است که روز به روز جای خود را بیشتر در زندگی بشر باز می کند. در سیستم های مدرن حمل و نقل شهری موتور های دیزلی جای خود را به موتور های الکتریکی که با جریان های متناوب و مستقیم کار می کنند، داده اند که این امر منجر به مواجهه شغلی راهبران قطار ها با میدان مغناطیسی شده است. این مطالعه به بررسی مواجهه راهبران قطار های شهری تهران با میدان های مغناطیسی پایا و مقایسه آن با حدود مجاز مواجهه شغلی کشوری می پردازد.روش بررسیبه منظور سنجش مواجهه راهبران، از دو نوع قطار AC و DC داخل شهری و AC بین شهری از هر خط شامل خط 1، 4،2 و 5 نمونه های به طور تصادفی انتخاب شد و پس از ایستگاه بندی، میدان مغناطیسی پایا به وسیله دستگاه سه جهته HI-3550 و با توجه به استاندارد IEEE std C95.3.1 و مطالعات پیشین اندازه گیری شد. سپس مواجهه راهبران با حدود مجاز مواجهه شغلی ملی مقایسه شد. به منظور تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزار SPSS 20 استفاده شد.نتایجحداکثر مواجهه تمام بدن راهبران در قطار های DC خط 2 (mT 52/0) بود، هرچند میانگین مواجهه راهبران قطار های AC (mT 095/0) نسبت به DC (mT 081/0) بالاتر بود. میانگین چگالی شار مغناطیسی پایا بین خطوط داخل شهری اختلاف معنا داری وجود نداشت. بالاترین میزان میانگین مواجهه وزنی زمانی مربوط به راهبران قطار های AC خط 1 (mT 06/0) بود.نتیجه گیریمواجهه راهبران قطار تا 10 برابر بالاتر از سطح زمینه (μT 60 تا 30) بود و این امر معنادار بودن مواجهه این گروه شغلی را با میدان مغناطیسی نشان می دهد، هرچند در هیچ کدام از وضعیت های ارزیابی، مواجهه تمام بدن راهبران از مواجهه شغلی (T 2/0 TWA= و مقدار سقف T 2) فراتر نرفته بود. البته این امر بدان معنا نیست که این سطح مواجهه ایمن و بی خطر است، چرا که مطالعات مختلف، مشکلات سلامتی را در مقادیر کمی از میدان مغناطیسی گزارش کرده اند.کلید واژگان: راهبران قطار, مواجهه شغلی, میدان مغناطیسی پایا}IntroductionOne of the pollutants that is developing in human life day by day is Magnetic field. In modern urban transport systems, diesel motors have been replaced with electric motors, working with alternating and direct currents, and leading to occupational exposure of drivers with magnetic fields. This study aimed to determine the urban train's drivers exposure with static magnetic fields and compare it with national occupational exposure limits.MethodsIn order to measure the train's drivers exposured with static magnetic field, several samples were selected from urban AC and DC and AC intercity trains, in the 1,2,4, and 5 lines of Tehran, Iran. After determination of the sampling location, static magnetic field was measured by three axes magnetic field meter (HI-3550), according to the standard IEEE std C95.3.1 and previous studies. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software (ver. 20) was used.ResultsThe maximum exposure of drivers was in DC trains- line 2- (0.52 mT), meanwhile, average exposure of AC trains driver (0.095 mT) was higher than DC trains driver (0.081 mT). The average magnetic flux density between different lines has not have significant differences. The highest levels of time-weighted average exposure were related to line 1 AC train drivers (0.06 mT).ConclusionExposure of trains drivers was 10 time higher than background level, indicating a significant exposure in this job. However, in none of the assessment situation, the whole body exposure of trains drivers was not exceeded from National Occupational Exposure Level (TWA= 0.2 and ceiling= 2 T). Of course, it does not imply that this level of exposure is completely safe, because different studies have reported health problems even at lower values of the magnetic field.Keywords: Train drivers, Occupational exposure, Static magnetic field}
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Most of Iranian Oil Terminals are located in tropical regions and consequently, disorders of heat stress among workers are expected. There are many heat stress indices with self-advantages and disadvantages which are used for evaluating the amount of heat stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reliability of WBGT, ET and CET indices by comparison to core body temperature in Kharg Oil Terminal Company. Participants (n=94) were workers in different units of the terminal. After identifying units and type of activities, the air and wet temperatures, WBGT, and core body temperature (oral and ear drum) in three situations including outdoor and indoor activities were measured. The means and standard deviations of WBGT, ET, and CET in the indoor and outdoor workplaces were 26.9±4.29, 25.94±4.05, 26.11±3.6 C° and 29.76±3.51, 28.03±4.05, 29.36±3.51 C°, respectively. The statistical correlation between the above mentioned heat stress indices with oral and tympanic temperatures were significant (p<0.001). The regression equations showed that the most determinant coefficient belongs to WBGT and oral temperature. It was concluded that the WBGT, ET, and CET with core body temperature had significant correlations and that WBGT was the most accurate index to determine the heat stress among workers.
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