فهرست مطالب mokhtar ghanbarzadeh

Cytokines released from skeletal muscle are involved in the control of muscle mass. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a period of resistance training with reduced blood flow on plasma levels of myostatin and IL-6 in martial arts young men.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test. 20 young martial arts men aged 25 to 30 years and an average weight of 70 to 80 kg  were randomly assigned to two training groups with blood flow reduction (10 people) and the training group without blood flow reduction (10 people). A resistance training program with reduced blood flow was performed for four weeks. Myostatin and IL-6 concentrations were measured by ELISA One-way analysis of covariance was used for statistical analysis at the significance level of a = 0/05.

  The results of the present study showed that in the exercise group with decreased blood flow compared to the exercise group without decreased blood flow, the amount of myostatin decreased significantly (P=0.001) and the amount of IL-6 significantly increased (P=0.001).

Resistance training combined with reduced blood flow by reducing myostatin levels and increasing IL-6 levels can help improve anabolic conditions and muscle structure.

 

Decreased physical activity in rodents has caused a decrease in muscle mass, cross-sectional area of myofibrils (CSA) and force production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of reducing physical activity after a period of endurance training on the expression of STIM1, Orai1 and MG29 genes in the plantaris muscle of male Wistar rats.

The current research is experimental and basic. 16 male white desert rats, Wistar breed, weighing 250 ± 20 grams, were randomly divided into two groups. Control group - Spinal nerve ligation (SNL): This group included 8-week-old male rats whose three sciatic branches were tightly tied. The second group included 8 rats who received SNL after a period of endurance training. They did the endurance training protocol in the present study was for 4 days a week for 6 weeks. It increased from 10 meters per minute for 10 minutes in the first week to 17-18 meters per minute for 30 minutes in the fifth week. After the last training session, rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine and xylazine, and muscle tissue was extracted. To determine the significance of the difference between the variables, independent t-test was used, and SPSS-22 software was used to analyze the data with a significance level of P>0.05

The results of the present research showed that endurance training before SNL caused a significant change in the MG29 gene (P=0.07) and a significant increase in the Stim1 gene and Orai1 (P>0.05).Discussion and

Endurance training was able to modulate the expression disorder of these proteins in the state of neuropathy, which may be due to various mechanisms such as controlling oxidative stress factors and growth factors, in this way exerts its beneficial effects.

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) leads to the initiation of several pathways, including oxidative stress and destruction of small vessels, as well as the destruction of factors involved in the SR network of muscle. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the high intensity interval training on the expression of genes involved in calcium flow in the EDL muscle of diabetic rats.

The current research was experimental development study. In total, 48 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: training diabetes, diabetes, training and control group. The training group performed the interval training program for 4 weeks and 5 sessions per week. Each training session on the treadmill lasted for 44 minutes. The statistical test of two-way variance (two-way ANOVA) was used for analyzing the data.

High intensity interval training led to a non-significant decrease in Stim1 gene expression. And there was a significant decrease in the expression of Orai and MG29 genes in the long extensor digitorum muscle of male rats.

It is possible HIIT training is able to modulate the expression disorder of Orai, MG29, and Stim1 in diabetes, which may be due to various mechanisms such as controlling oxidative stress factors and growth factors. It seems it exerts its beneficial effects on the Side-effects of diabetes.

Obese women are prone to metabolic diseases due to the amount of abdominal visceral fat and decreased muscle mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the  8 weeks of interval training  with consumption of black seed on serum vaspin levels in obese women.

28 obese women with body mass index above 30 were divided into four groups: control, supplement, exercise and supplement-exercise for 8 weeks of interval trainin  with 3 sessions per week for 45 minutes. They performed for 60 minutes. So that in the first week, three 4-minute performance with an intensity of 90% of the heart rate and in the eighth week, five 4-minute performance with an intensity of 90% of the reserve heart rate with 2 minutes of rest was active. Groups taking the supplement daily took two capsules of 1000 mg of black seed powder at noon and night after each meal for eight weeksone-way analysis of covariance was used at the significance level of (a = 0.5).

According to the results of the present study, there are no difference serum levels of vaspin after traning between the four groups of control, supplement, exercise and supplement-exercise. (P=0.447). But there was a significant difference between lipid profile changes including triglyceride (P = 0.003), HDL (P = 0.001), LDL (P = 0.005) after intermittent exercise between the four groups of control, supplement, exercise and supplement-exercise. 

Due to the significant difference in lipid profile, interval training  along with consumption of black seed can improve the lipid profile of obese women.

Studies have shown that impairment in kinases in the nervous system is related to many neurodegenerative disease. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a serine/threonine kinase that participates in regulation of various functions of neurons. Accordingly, GSK-3β is one of the drug targets for nervous system therapies. In this study, the effect of decreased activity in the form of neuropathic pain, was investigated on GSK-3β gene expression in sciatic nerve fiber of male Wistar rats.
In this experimental study, 12 male Wistar rats (mean weight, 250±30g), were randomly divided into two groups: 1) Decreased activity (SNL: n=5); 2) Control (C: n=5). During and at the end of the protocol, neuropathic pain behavior tests, were performed continuously in the groups. After sixth weeks, the level of GSK-3β gene expression in sciatic nerve, was measured by real time technique and calculated using the 2-ΔΔCT method. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and independent t-test.
After 6 weeks, neuropathic pain behavior tests of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia showed that pain threshold was significantly lower in the SNL group than the control group (p≤0.05). In addition, GSK-3β gene expression significantly increased in the sciatic nerve ligation group compared to the control group (p≤0.05).
The results of this study showed that mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and decreased physical activity are related to increased GSK-3β gene expression in sciatic nerve fiber.

Fitness for military forces has been considered as a priority which helps them in achieving all mission goals and eventually increases their physical capabilities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of intensity interval training (HIT) on the fitness and body composition of the military personnel.
This research was a quasi-experimental study. In this study, 30 employees attended a military center in Kerman. They were randomly assigned into two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. For a period of 6 weeks (3 sessions per week), the intervention group attended in an intensive interval training protocol which included 3 sets of ham (6 stages which were 35 meters with 10 seconds rest between each stage) with four minutes rest between each set in the first week. These sets were eventually increased until the fourth week of the training. In order to compare the variables, ANCOVA analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.
The results showed that weight (p=0.001), body mass index (p=0.001), body fat percentage (p=0.001), waist circumference (p=0.003) and hip circumference (p=0.001), a significant reduction in maximum oxygen consumption (p=0.001), power (p=0.001) and agility (p=0.003) significantly increased in the exercise group relative to the control. It was also shown that systolic blood pressure values (p=0.028) and diastolic (p=0.015) did not significantly change.
Based on the results of this study we can conclude that military forces can fit HIT training in their sport programs to enhance their physical fitness and improve their body composition.

Today, breast cancer is most current cancer disease in women. The role of the aerobic training as preventive and adjuvant therapy in cancer is concerned. This study aimed to examine the effect of the aerobic training on the levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17), adiponectin and estradiol in women with breast cancer. 40 patients with breast cancer were randomly divided into two equal groups of exercise and control. The training group performed aerobic training for 8 weeks with intensity between 40 to 55 percent of target heart rate. 24 hours before the first and 48 hours after the last session of exercise protocol, blood samples were taken from both groups and serum levels of IL-17, adiponectin and estradiol were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 8 weeks of aerobic exercise training increased adiponectin (P = 0. 005) and decreased IL-17 (P = 0. 015) and estradiol (P < 0. 001) serum levels. The results of the present study suggested that levels of IL-17 and estradiol in response to aerobic training decreased but serum level of adiponectin as anti-inflammatory factor increased. ُSo, the exercise training can be an appropriate method for prevention and adjutant therapy in cancer.

combined training exercise is recommended for the elderly due to the specificity of its effect for good health and physical function. The purpose of this study was to investigate three different methods of concurrent training on plasma levels of chemerin, insulin resistance and physical performance in elderly women. This was a semi-experimental study in which 40 inactive healthy elderly women were selected by purposive sampling and randomly placed into four groups: strength + endurance (n=10), endurance + strength (n=9), alternative concurrent training (n=12) and control (n=9) groups. The data analysed with t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results showed that the experimental group after 8 weeks Chemerin levels (P=0.3), insulin (P=0.72), fasting glucose (P=0.09), insulin resistance (P=0.69), %Fat (P=0.08) and WHR (P=0.55) showed no significant changes. However, a significant reduction observed in weight (P=0.017) and BMI (P=0.023). According to the results of this study, order of concurrent training do not affect chemerin and metabolic adaptation, but all three methods of concurrent training could lead to different changes compared to prior of performed training.

Leptin is a polypeptide cytokine which is correlated with body weight changes and energy consumption. It can be affected by exercise training. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of 6 weeks of low volume high intensity interval training on serum levels of leptin, glucose, and body fat percentage in young wrestlers. 20 young wrestlers were divided into two experimental (n = 10) and control (n=10) groups. The experimental group performed high intensity interval training for six weeks (3 sessions per week) that consisted of 3 sets of RAST protocol (6 efforts in the 35m distance followed by a 10 second rest interval after each efforts) with 4 minutes rest after each set in the first week. Each week one set added to the protocol for 4 weeks. Independent t -test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. T-test results indicated that 6 weeks of high intensity interval training did not lead to significant changes in leptin levels and body fat percentage in the wrestlers (P>0.05), but plasma glucose significantly decreased in response to exercise training (P≤0.05). Moreover adipose tissue percentage after the period of exercise training decreased but this decrease was not statistically significant (p=0.238). RM-ANOVA results indicated that one session of high intensity interval training in 3 different steps of training (before and after the intervention and after 90 minutes) before and after 6 weeks of high intensity interval training did not affect serum leptin levels significantly (P>0.05). After one episode of low volume, high intensity interval training there was no statistically significant change in the serum levels of leptin, which could be due to lack of change in body fat percentage and inadequate training volume in the young wrestlers.