فهرست مطالب mona eslami

Previous researchers showed the antimicrobial ability of ionic liquids (ILs) on different infec- tive agents. ILs can dissolve organic components, especially DNA molecules. Among synthesized eight binary ILs mixtures, we have chosen ([Met-HCl] [PyS]) IL for determining the antifungal ability of IL against Candida albicans cells.

Well diffusion assay, chrome agar and Germ tube tests were used to detect the Candida samples. PCR, real-time-PCR, and flow cytometry tests were performed to determine the IL's rate of toxic ability.

Well diffusion assay revealed the diameters of the growth inhibition zones were the largest in IL with methionine and Proline amino acids. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) tests showed that they inhibited the growth of the C. albicans at a range from 250 μg/ml for sensitivity and 400 μg/ml for resis- tance, MIC average of all samples were 341.62 ± 4.153 μg/ml. IL reduced the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 the genes encoded by the major protein of ABC system transporter by 2.1 (P= 0.009) and 1.2 fold (P= 0.693), revealed by PCR and real time-PCR. In the flow cytometry test, there were increasing dead cells after treating with the ([Met-HCl] [PyS]) even in the most resistant strain.

The novel IL was effective against the most clinical and standard C. albicans.

Recently, fungal drug resistance has significantly increased especially in opportunistic fungus like Candida albicans. Accordingly, it is necessary to use more effective drugs with less toxicity and high influences. Among a large of investigations, ionic liquids showed biological influence and antimicrobial activities. The aim of this study was in vitro investigation of antifungal activity of pyridine –based ionic liquid on a standard strain of Candida albicans and evaluate its toxicity on host cells. A standard strain of Candida albicans was re- cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) containing chloramphenicol, incubated at 37℃ for 24 h. Antifungal effect of a novel ionic liquid ([Met-Hcl] [Pys] ), was evaluated using inhibitory zone diameter. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungal concentration (MFC) were performed using micro dilution method. In continue MTT test were done to evaluate the toxicity of the liquid on host cells. The ionic liquid showed a good effect to prevent of Candida albicans growth. Inhibitory zone diameter was between 34±1 mm. The MIC evaluation was 708.4 ppm. Also the results of MTT test showed the viability of host cells at the 16 dilution. In conclusion, the results of this study manifested that the novel ionic liquid has a good antifungal activity against Candida albicans standard strain with low toxicity to human cells and probably can use as a good novel drug in treatment of candidiasis. Although the need for more studies is crystal clear.

Millions of children are left to survive on the streets around the world. Investigations on drug use disorders among street children reveal that they not only abuse all types of drugs higher than their peers who live at home or in shelters, but also they abuse more harmful drugs such as injection drugs or methamphetamines. This guideline provides a comprehensive approach to the treatment and management of substance use disorders among children of 3 to 18 years of age for the staff of substance use disorder clinics. It highlights examples of how to perceive and approach the management and issues of substance abuse among street children at an early stage of development through various medical, psycho-social, and other interventions. It also defines the characteristics of the street children with a focus on prevention. These provisions consist of addressing the applicability matters in this area and necessity of a decision model in our country.