فهرست مطالب monireh ghanbari-afra

 In order to realize virtual learning, suitable platforms are necessary so that the transfer of educational information can be done as quickly as possible and help in the best way to achieve the learning goals. The purpose of this study is to design a virtual education scenario for nursing bachelors based on the Logic model.

The applied research (scenario design) was conducted on the curriculum of bachelors nursing students at Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2020. A Logic model has been used to design the scenario. The logic model has six main components: goal, context, input, activities, outputs, and impact. 13 articles were used to present the six stages of the logic model.

Based on the logic model, after determining the goal, and checking the background and input (facilities and obstacles), the activities including the formulation and establishment of necessary standards, improving the performance of members, employees and students in virtual education, and preparing suitable educational content were implemented. The outputs include the implementation of virtual education along with maintaining the quality of education. Impact includes consequences for students, professors, organizations, and extra-organizational consequences.

Based on the findings of the study, by comprehensively examining the existing conditions, strengthening the necessary facilities, removing obstacles and planning for possible consequences, virtual training in nursing can be implemented alongside face-to-face training. Therefore, it is recommended that take measures in this direction by providing infrastructure, explaining the necessity of e-learning, producing appropriate content, empowering participants in e-learning courses and expanding the quality and quantity of service providers..

The COVID-19 pandemic has had many effects on various aspects of health, including the spiritual health of nurses, and has created challenges. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate nurses' spiritual health and related factors in the post-corona era.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 260 nurses working in the hospitals of Qom University of Medical Sciences who have cared for patients with COVID-19 in recent years, in 2022. Sampling was done by simple random method. The data collection tool was the Spiritual Health questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23.

The mean spiritual health score was 68.10±7.7 and the mean religious health and existential health were 32.95±4.45 and 35.38±5.04, respectively. Also, gender, marital status, and having a job except for the medical staff explain 43% of the variance in nurses' spiritual health (R=0.436, P=0.001). In the post-corona era, the spiritual health of women was higher than men, and it was higher in married nurses.

The spiritual health of nurses in the post-corona era was at an average level. The male gender, being married, and having a job except for the medical staff were more effective in spiritual health. Therefore, it is suggested that hospital managers consider the necessary plans to improve the spiritual health of nurses.

Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) are the first healthcare providers in the time of crisis. They are exposed to many physical and psychological risks, including death anxiety. The present study aims to investigate the death anxiety level and its related factors in EMTs in Qom, Iran, in the post-COVID-19 era.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 185 EMTs from the hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2023. Sampling was done by simple random method. The data collection tool was Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale. Data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 23 using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, ANOVA, and regression analyses.

The mean total score of death anxiety was 6.4±3.05. Based on the results of the multivariate regression analysis, the variables of age, marital status, and work experience could explain 43% of the variance in death anxiety of EMTs (β=0.433, P=0.001).

Death anxiety of EMTs in Qom in the post-COVID-19 era is at a moderate level. The factors of age, marital status, and work experience are the predictors of death anxiety in EMTs. It is recommended that older, married, and more experienced EMTs should receive more psychological evaluations and consultations.

Occupational stress is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study aims to investigate the occupational stress level of nurses and its related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This is a systematic review study that was conducted in 2022 by searching for articles in both Persian and English in Web of Science, SID, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochran, MagIran, IranDoc and PubMed databases without time limit. The used keywords were nurse, Iran, COVID-19, occupational stress, and job stress in Persian and English. Initial search yielded 3860 articles. Of these, 15 articles were finally reviewed.

In the reviewed studies, nurses’ occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic was at a high level. The highest score was related to the “demands” dimension and the lowest score was related to “the changes” dimension of the health and safety executive questionnaire. Demographic, occupational, and mental factors and quitting job had a significant positive relationship with nurses’ occupational stress, while low rest, job-related affective well-being, organizational commitment, productivity, organizational climate, and knowledge had a significant negative relationship with their occupational stress.

The occupational stress of nurses is high during the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupational stress is related to demographic, occupational, psychological, and organizational factors. It is recommended to form committees to monitor nurses’ occupational stress in hospitals.

Physical and mental health problems reduce patients' quality of life and limit their ability to adapt to the disease. Promoting adaptive behaviors based on the Roy model ensures, maintains and promotes the health of individuals. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of an integrated review of the application of Roy adaptation model on quality of life.

The present study is a systematic review that was conducted in April 2022 by searching for articles in both Persian and English in Web of Science, magiran, irandoc, IranMedex, Scientific Information Database (SID), Scopus, Cochran, Google Scholar and PubMed performed without time limit. The search was performed using the keywords adaptation, Roy model and quality of life and AND and OR operators. CASP tools were used to evaluate the quality of articles. Finally, out of 3400 articles found,9 articles were reviewed.

Out of 9 present studies, 7 studies had English language. There were 5 studies from 2019 onwards. 5 studies were quasi-experimental and 3 studies were clinical trials and 1 studi was descriptive analytic. Studies have been conducted in Egypt, Turkey, Pakistan, China and Iran. Sampling methods were available, random, and purposeful. Findings show that in all studies the quality of life of patients increased after the intervention.

Intervention based on Roy adaptation model improves the quality of life in various diseases.

Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is the leading cause of death worldwide. The nursing process based on the Roy adaptation model is widely used to solve the problems caused by chronic diseases. This study aimed to adapt the model performed on patients with hypertension.

The study was conducted in the autumn of 2021 in one of the hospitals of Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom City, Iran. A patient with hypertension was examined, and a Roy model was performed on him. Nursing care was performed based on the Roy nursing process in 6 stages.

The study showed that the patient had maladaptive behaviors in four modes (physiological needs, adaptation of self-concept, role function, and independence and dependence). After nursing care based on the Roy adaptation model, maladaptive behaviors decreased.

According to the present study results, nursing care based on the Roy model can affect the physical, psychological, and maladaptive behaviors of patients with hypertension. In this regard, Nurses can play a more effective role in improving the maladaptive behaviors of these patients by applying nursing care based on the adaptation model.

 Nurses should make adequate clinical decisions and appropriate clinical judgments about patients’ health status. The present study aims to investigate the clinical decision-making level and its related factors in Iranian nurses and nursing students.

 This is a systematic review study that was conducted in 2021 by searching for articles in both Persian and English in Web of Science, Scientific Information Database (SID), Scopus, Cochran, Google Scholar and PubMed databases without time limit using the keywords clinical decision making, nurse, and Iran in Persian and English by two researchers. The descriptive-analytical and interventional studies that were performed on Iranian nurses/nursing students were assessed. The critical appraisal skills programme (CASP) checklist was used to evaluate the quality of articles. Initial search yielded 27718 articles, of which 20 eligible articles were selected for the review.

 In the studies, the clinical decision-making level of nurses was reported high, while it was varied for the nursing students. Some demographic factors, occupation, educational level, facilities, and Thinking styles had significant relationship with clinical decision-making of participants.

 The clinical decision-making level of Iranian nurses is at high level. Paying attention to effective factors including demographic, educational, occupational factors and facilities can help further improve their clinical decision-makin

General health problems that can create major challenges are common among health care providers such as nurses. This study aims to determine the general health of nurses in special care units of hospitals in Qom, Iran.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 300 nurses working in intensive care and critical care units of three teaching hospitals affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences who were selected using a consensus sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic form and the General Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS v. 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed that 52.3% of nurses were exposed to general health problems. The mean score of general health was 25.43± 8.84. The highest score (lowest level) was related to social function domain (13.27±1.94) while the lowest score (highest level) was belonged to depression (2.1±1.24). There was no significant relationship between nurses ’demographic factors and general health.

To reduce the general health problems of nurses in special care units of hospitals in Qom city, psychological interventions should be provided to them by nursing managers.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a life‑threatening condition that causes physical and psychological disorders and decreases patients’ quality of life (QoL). Performing proper educational self‑care program may lead to higher QoL in these patients. This study was performed to investigate the effectiveness of a self‑care educational program on QoL in patients with CAD.

This semi‑experimental study was performed on 60 patients with CAD referred to the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) center of Vali Asr hospital in Qom, Iran, in 2018–2019. Patients were divided into control and intervention groups by randomized sampling. The self‑care educational program was provided through lectures and booklet. Data collection was done using the “demographic and clinical data questionnaire,” and “Seattle Angina questionnaire.” Questionnaires were completed in both groups, before and at least 1 month after education. Analysis of the obtained data was performed using SPSS software (version 25), central indexes, Mann–Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test.

No significant differences were observed between the two groups for demographics characteristics and quality of life before the intervention. Before the self‑care program, the mean score of the QoL in the intervention and control group were 56.14 ± 9.75 and 58.46 ± 11.71, respectively. After that, the mean score of the QoL in the intervention and control group were 59.25 ± 10.56 and 59.7 ± 13.33, respectively. The statistical analysis showed significant differences in the mean scores of QoL in the intervention group before and after the intervention (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were seen in the control group before and after the study (P > 0.05).

The self‑care educational program improved the QoL in patients with CAD. Therefore, lectures and educational booklets should be considered by CR nurses.

Marital relationship is a multi-dimensional relationship, which is affected by many factors, such as psychological, individual, and social parameters. Satisfaction with a sexual relationship can cause the strength of the family, as well as both physical and mental health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between the quality of marital relationships and marital stress in patients with ischemic heart disease.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 300 patients with acute coronary syndrome two months after being admitted to the Cardiac Angiography Unit at Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom, Iran, during 2016. The patients were selected using a  convenience sampling method. Moreover, the
data were collected through demographic characteristics form, clinical data questionnaire, as well as marital quality, and Stockholm marital stress scales. The data were then analyzed in SPSS software (version 13) through central indices, Pearson correlation test, and multiple linear regression.

The mean age of the patients was 65.95±5.06 years. Moreover, the mean values of the quality of marital relationships and marital stress were 54.36±9.4 and 3.56±0.05  respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant negative correlation between the quality of marital relationship scores and marital stress scores (r=-0.718). Furthermore, the results of linear regression analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between the quality of the marital relationship and marital stress after removing the effects of intervening variables (P=0.001, R2=59%).

The results showed that patients with acute coronary syndrome had favorable marital relationships and low levels of marital stress. Moreover, a reduction in marital stress improved the quality of the marital relationship. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses pay attention to education regarding marital stress management in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Sexual activity is a multi-faceted construct that is influenced by multiple variables, including individual, social, and psychological factors. Sex education can facilitate the reduction of disease complications, especially in patients suffering from ischemic heart disease. Regarding this, the present research aimed at examining the impact of a self-care education program on sexual function in ischemic heart disease patients.

The present semi-experimental research was conducted on 60 patients afflicted with ischemic heart disease, in the Vali Asr Hospital in Qom, Iran, in 2017. The study population was assigned into two groups of control and intervention by the simple random sampling technique. The patients were subjected to self-care education via CDs. the data were collected by means of the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale, as well as demographic and clinical form. The two research groups filled out the questionnaires prior to and a minimum of one month following the training. Data analysis was performed by Wilcoxon test, central tendency, and Mann-Whitney U test.

According to the results, the patients in the intervention and control groups had the mean ages of 58.1±5.8 and 57.66±4.5, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the sexual function of the intervention group after the educational intervention, compared to that before the intervention (P<0.05). However, no such difference was observed in the control group between the two study stages (P>0.05).

As the findings indicated, sexual training programs could result in the improvement of sexual function in patients suffering from ischemic heart disease. Accordingly, nurses are recommended to consider such educational interventions for patients with this heart condition.

Acute coronary syndrome as one of the leading causes of death in the world، have several physical، psychological and social consequences. These consequences have impact on quality of life and sexual satisfaction of patients. Despite numerous studies، contradictory findings have been reported concerning the relationship between sexual satisfaction and quality of life in these patients. The current study was conducted aimed to determine the relationship between sexual satisfaction and quality of life in patients with acute coronary syndrome. This Descriptive-correlational study was performed on patients with acute coronary syndrome hospitalized in the coronary angiography ward in a hospital in Kashan University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Three hundred patients were selected and entered into the study through purposive sampling. Data collection was done through using the demographic and clinical data questionnaire، SF-36 quality of life questionnaire and Larson''s sexual satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS 13 and central indexes، independent T-test، analysis of variance، Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis. Patients had high sexual satisfaction (101. 19 ± 15. 02) and average quality of life (56. 3 ± 17. 15). There was significant positive correlation between sexual satisfaction of patients with quality of life (P = 0. 001)، it’s physical (P = 0. 018) and psychological (P = 0. 001) aspects. There is relationship between sexual satisfaction with the quality of life in patients with acute coronary syndrome، therefore; it is recommended that nurses must pay attention to education concerning the sexual relationship and physical and psychological support in patients with low rejection fraction.